离子型稀土矿根际芽孢杆菌的促生作用研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0292

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 挖掘离子型稀土矿山植物根际微生物资源，分离鉴定多功能根际促生菌，探究其生物学特性和促生作用，为微生物菌肥的开发探索创新途径。【方法】 对从赣南某离子型稀土矿区植物根际筛选的菌株DW019进行鉴定，基于16S rRNA基因序列分析和菌株培养特性确定其种属；通过检测菌株产IAA、铁载体和氨气的能力，初步确定其促生特性；采用平板对峙法测定菌株与典型土传病致病菌的拮抗效果；最后，采用盆栽实验对生菜的生长指标、叶绿素、抗氧化酶活性、营养品质进行测定，判断菌株DW019对生菜的促生效果。【结果】 菌株经鉴定命名为蜡样芽孢杆菌DW019，具有产IAA、铁载体和氨气的能力。平板对峙结果表明，菌株DW019对立枯丝核菌（Thanatephorus cucumeris）、水稻恶苗病病原真菌串珠镰孢（Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon）和番茄早疫病病原真菌链格孢（Alternaria alternata（Fries）Keissler）均有良好的抑制效果。与对照组相比，添加不同浓度DW019的盆栽生菜的生物学指标显著提高，叶绿素、自由水、维生素C、可溶性糖和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及过氧化物酶（POD）活性也有明显提升。【结论】 蜡样芽孢杆菌DW019是一株多功能根际促生菌，具有产植物激素和生物防治能力，对多种土传病致病菌有良好抑制效果，能显著促进植物生长并改善植物品质。

关键词: 离子型稀土矿, 生物防治, 根际促生菌, 芽孢杆菌, 拮抗, 促生作用, 生菜

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore innovative ways for the development of microbial fertilizers, rhizosphere microbial resources of plants are being mined from ionic rare earth mines, of which growth-promoting bacteria with multiple functions were isolated and identified, and their biological characteristics and promoting effects were also investigated. 【Method】 The strain DW019 isolated from the rhizosphere in an ionic rare earth mining area in Gannan of Jiangxi province was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and culture characteristics, classifying its genus and species. Its growth-promoting characteristics was preliminarily determined by the detection of production of IAA, iron carriers, and ammonia. The antagonistic effect of the strain against typical soil-borne disease causative organisms was measured by using the plate-confrontation method. Finally, the growth indexes, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and nutritional quality of lettuce（Lactuca sativa）were measured by potting experiments to determine the growth-promoting effect of strain DW019 on lettuce. 【Result】 The strain was identified as Bacillus cereus DW019, with the ability of producing IAA, iron carrier and ammonia. The strain showed strong inhibition effects against Thanatephorus cucumeris, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and Alternaria alternata（Fries）Keissler. Compared to the control group, the above-ground part biomass, biological indices of potted lettuce were significantly improved by the addition of different concentrations of DW019, respectively, and its chlorophyll content, water content, vitamin C, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde（MDA）and peroxidase（POD）were also significantly promoted. 【Conclusion】 Bacillus cereus DW019 is a multifunctional plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with phytohormone-producing and biocontrol ability, which has strong inhibitory effect on a variety of soil-borne disease-causing bacteria, and significantly promotes plant growth and improves plant quality.

Key words: ionic rare earth ore, biological control, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Bacillus, antagonism, growth-promoting effect, lettuce

李希, 边子俊, 宁周神, 刘红雨, 曾槟, 董伟. 离子型稀土矿根际芽孢杆菌的促生作用研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(11): 259-268.

LI Xi, BIAN Zi-jun, NING Zhou-shen, LIU Hong-yu, ZENG Bing, DONG Wei. Studies on the Growth-promoting Effect of Bacillus Strain from Rhizosphere in Ionic Rare Earth Ores[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(11): 259-268.

图/表 8

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分组Group	施药后 7 d 的药害情况Damage at 7 d after application
CK	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S1	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S2	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S3	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S4	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage

分组Group	施药后 7 d 的药害情况Damage at 7 d after application
CK	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S1	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S2	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S3	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage
S4	生长正常、叶色绿，无药害 Normal growth, green leaf color, and no drug damage

分组 Group	地上部分生物量 Above-ground biomass/g	地下部分生物量 Underground biomass/g	茎粗 Stem thickness/cm	子叶数 Cotyledons/pieces	株高 Plant height/cm
CK	16.74±3.11a	2.74±0.71a	3.04±0.36a	14.40±2.30a	11.86±0.67a
S1	17.65±1.66a	3.21±0.86ab	3.22±0.14a	15.40±1.34a	12.78±1.139ab
S2	25.22±5.41b	4.44±1.18b	4.02±0.31b	16.20±0.30a	13.08±0.61ab
S3	42.72±3.46c	6.14±1.19c	4.94±0.31c	19.80±1.48b	13.81±1.15b
S4	55.13±5.85d	7.51±0.63c	5.26±0.11c	21.60±0.55b	14.14±1.09b

分组 Group	地上部分生物量 Above-ground biomass/g	地下部分生物量 Underground biomass/g	茎粗 Stem thickness/cm	子叶数 Cotyledons/pieces	株高 Plant height/cm
CK	16.74±3.11a	2.74±0.71a	3.04±0.36a	14.40±2.30a	11.86±0.67a
S1	17.65±1.66a	3.21±0.86ab	3.22±0.14a	15.40±1.34a	12.78±1.139ab
S2	25.22±5.41b	4.44±1.18b	4.02±0.31b	16.20±0.30a	13.08±0.61ab
S3	42.72±3.46c	6.14±1.19c	4.94±0.31c	19.80±1.48b	13.81±1.15b
S4	55.13±5.85d	7.51±0.63c	5.26±0.11c	21.60±0.55b	14.14±1.09b

指标 Norm	子叶数 Cotyledons	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem thickness	含水量 Water content	地上部生物量 Above-ground biomass	地下部生物量 Underground biomass	土壤有机质 Soil organic matter
子叶数Cotyledons	1
株高Plant height	0.613**	1
茎粗Stem thickness	0.867**	0.621**	1
含水量Water content	0.547**	0.456*	0.635**	1
地上部生物量 Above-ground biomass	0.915**	0.675**	0.951**	0.714**	1
地下部生物量 Underground biomass	0.894**	0.588**	0.934**	0.555**	0.930**	1
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter	-0.615**	-0.559**	-0.693**	-0.312	-0.684**	-0.616**	1