复合微生物菌剂对葡萄生长、品质及根际土壤环境的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0230

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】葡萄是我国栽培广泛的五大果树品种之一，长期过量施用化肥，破坏微生物生态，从而影响葡萄产量和品质。探究不同来源菌株的复合微生物菌剂对改善葡萄果实品质的作用。【方法】采用复合微生物菌剂[短短芽胞杆菌（Brevibacillus brevis）FJAT-0809-GLX、贝莱斯芽胞杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）FJAT-55034及短短芽胞杆菌（B. brevis）FJAT-10623]灌根，分析复合微生物菌剂对葡萄生长和果实品质及根际土壤酶活性、可培养芽胞杆菌多样性等的影响。【结果】复合微生物菌剂能够促进葡萄叶片生长，提高叶片的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量及POD和PPO活性。处理组葡萄幼果的叶绿素b含量、SOD和PPO活性分别比对照组提高了100%、11.77%和66.67%。施用复合微生物菌剂能够促进葡萄提早成熟及果实转色，提升果实品质，其中，单果重比对照高出29.06%，可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白分别比对照组提高了7.31%和94.74%，且处理组成熟果实的PPO酶活性显著高于对照组。此外，复合微生物菌剂能够显著提高土壤淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性及芽胞杆菌的种类和数量。相关性分析表明，辣椒芽胞杆菌（Bacillus zanthoxyli）和假蕈状芽胞杆菌（Bacillus pseudomycoides）可促进葡萄叶片生长及果实品质提升。【结论】复合微生物菌剂具有改良土壤、促进葡萄生长和提升果实品质的作用。

关键词: 复合微生物, 短短芽孢杆菌, 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 葡萄, 品质, 土壤

Abstract:

【Objective】Grape is one of the five varieties of fruit trees widely cultivated in China. Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizer will destroy the microbial ecology, thus affecting the yield and quality of grapes. Compound microbial agent of different strains may be a more active and effective measure to improve the quality of grapes.【Method】The compound microbial agent（Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX, Bacillus velezensis FJAT-55034 and B. brevis FJAT-10623）were used to irrigate the roots, and the effects of the compound microbial agent on grape growth, fruit quality, rhizosphere soil enzymatic activity and diversity of culturable Bacillus were analyzed.【Result】The compound microbial agent promoted the growth of grape leaves, increased the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid, and the activities of POD and PPO. The chlorophyll b content, SOD and PPO activities of young grape fruits in the treatment group was 100%, 1.77% and 66.67% higher than that in the control group, respectively. The application of compound microbial agent promoted early ripening, fruit color transformation and quality of grapes. The single fruit weight was 29.06% higher than that of control group, and the soluble solid and soluble protein increased by 7.31% and 94.74%, respectively, compared with the control group. The PPO enzyme activity of ripe grape fruit in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group. In addition, the compound microbial agent significantly improved the activities of amylase, catalase, cellulase, sucrase, and the number and species of Bacillus in grape rhizosphere soil. Correlation analysis showed that Bacillus zanthoxyli and Bacillus pseudomycoides promoted grape leaf growth and fruit quality.【Conclusion】The compound microbial agent may improve soil, promote grape growth and increase fruit quality.

Key words: compound microbial agent, Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus velezensis, grape, quality, soil

车建美, 赖恭梯, 李思雨, 郭奥琳, 陈冰星, 陈杏, 刘波, 赖呈纯. 复合微生物菌剂对葡萄生长、品质及根际土壤环境的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(8): 264-274.

CHE Jian-mei, LAI Gong-ti, LI Si-yu, GUO Ao-lin, CHEN Bing-xing, CHEN Xing, LIU Bo, LAI Cheng-chun. Effects of Compound Microbial Agent on the Growth, Quality and Rhizosphere Environment of Grape[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(8): 264-274.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	穗宽 Spike width/mm	单穗重 Single panicle weight/g	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	果粒纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	果粒横径 Transverse diameter/mm
对照组Control	79.82±4.12b	312.99±20.61b	3.20±0.05b	17.35±0.18b	18.23±0.30b
处理组Treatment	105.33±4.76a	375.14±30.65a	4.13±0.14a	18.86±0.23a	19.40±0.24a

处理 Treatment	穗宽 Spike width/mm	单穗重 Single panicle weight/g	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	果粒纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	果粒横径 Transverse diameter/mm
对照组Control	79.82±4.12b	312.99±20.61b	3.20±0.05b	17.35±0.18b	18.23±0.30b
处理组Treatment	105.33±4.76a	375.14±30.65a	4.13±0.14a	18.86±0.23a	19.40±0.24a

处理 Treatments	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	总糖Total sugar /（g·100 g^-1）	总酸Total acid /（g·kg^-1）	糖酸比Ratio of total sugar and total acid	可溶性蛋白Soluble protein /（mg·g^-1）	PPO酶活性PPO acitivity /（U·min^-1·g^-1）
对照组Control	19.01±0.37b	17.53±0.10b	17.67±0.08b	5.42±0.07a	32.58±0.50b	0.19±0.02b	6.00±0.16b
处理组Treatment	20.40±0.39a	18.34±0.05a	18.55±0.03a	5.33±0.06a	34.78±0.43a	0.37±0.06a	33.33±0.11a

处理 Treatments	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	总糖Total sugar /（g·100 g^-1）	总酸Total acid /（g·kg^-1）	糖酸比Ratio of total sugar and total acid	可溶性蛋白Soluble protein /（mg·g^-1）	PPO酶活性PPO acitivity /（U·min^-1·g^-1）
对照组Control	19.01±0.37b	17.53±0.10b	17.67±0.08b	5.42±0.07a	32.58±0.50b	0.19±0.02b	6.00±0.16b
处理组Treatment	20.40±0.39a	18.34±0.05a	18.55±0.03a	5.33±0.06a	34.78±0.43a	0.37±0.06a	33.33±0.11a

处理Treatment	菌株编号Strain No.	鉴定种类Identified species	16S rRNA相似性16S rRNA similarity /%	含量Content（×10³ CFU·g^-1）
对照组Control	CK1	Bacillus cereus	99.65	1.33
	CK2	Bacillus aryabhattai	99.24	2.67
	CK4	Paenibacillus favisporus	99.65	3.33
	CK6	Bacillus altitudinis	99.86	2
	CK7	Bacillus zanthoxyli	99.93	8
	CK13	Paenibacillus lautus	99.04	0.67
	CK22	Paenibacillus cineris	99.66	2
	CK26	Paenibacillus illinoisensis	98.62	0.67
	CK28	Neobacillus drentensis	99.57	0.67
	CK34	Cytobacillus oceanisediminis	99.79	0.67
	CK37	Oceanobacillus sojae	99.80	0.67
	CK39	Paenibacillus pinisoli	98.90	0.67
	CK42	Bacillus proteolyticus	99.79	0.67
	CK52	Paenibacillus cookii	99.03	0.67
	CK55	Neobacillus bataviensis	99.50	0.67
处理组 Treatment	T1	Bacillus cereus	99.72	2
	T2	Bacillus zanthoxyli	99.93	19.33
	T7	Terribacillus saccharophilus	99.38	1.33
	T11	Bacillus wiedmannii	99.65	0.67
	T16	Oceanobacillus sojae	99.72	0.67
	T18	Bacillus tequilensis	100	1.33
	T22	Bacillus safensis	99.79	0.67
	T23	Bacillus lentus	99.79	0.67
	T26	Neobacillus cucumis	98.68	1.33
	T30	Bacillus pseudomycoides	99.45	4
	T37	Bacillus albus	99.79	1.33
	T40	Bacillus dafuensis	99.59	0.67
	T41	Mesobacillus subterraneus	99.23	0.67
	T47	Bacillus endophyticus	99.44	0.67
	T48	Bacillus megaterium	99.89	2.67
	T50	Bacillus pumilus	99.72	0.67
	T51	Bacillus proteolyticus	99.79	0.67
	T54	Bacillus haikouensis	97.82	0.67
	T58	Bacillus aryabhattai	99.93	2.67
	T59	Bacillus vietnamensis	98.95	0.67
	T69	Peribacillus frigoritoleran	99.66	2
	T78	Lysinibacillus macroide	99.72	0.67
	T82	Psychrobacillus vulpis	98.90	0.67
	T83	Lysinibacillus agricola	99.24	1.33
	T84	Cytobacillus oceanisediminis	99.24	1.33
	T103	Bacillus australimaris	99.79	0.67
	T105	Bacillus rhizoplanae	99.44	1.33
	T127	Bacillus stercoris	99.52	0.67