小麦HD-Zip基因家族的鉴定及对禾谷镰刀菌的响应

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统鉴定小麦同源异型结构域-亮氨酸拉链（HD-Zip）基因家族成员，分析其在不同组织和发育时期的表达特征，以及在响应禾谷镰刀菌中的作用，为解析小麦HD-Zip基因家族功能提供理论基础。方法以拟南芥HD-Zip蛋白序列为参考，利用小麦基因组数据库筛选家族成员，并进行蛋白质理化性质分析、系统进化树构建、染色体定位及基因结构解析；进一步结合转录组和RT-qPCR数据，分析其在不同组织及禾谷镰刀菌侵染下的表达模式。结果共鉴定85个小麦HD-Zip基因，其编码蛋白均为亲水蛋白，且均被预测为不稳定蛋白。亚细胞定位预测表明，HD-Zip基因主要分布于细胞核和叶绿体。系统进化树和结构分析显示，HD-Zip基因分为4个进化分支，同一分支基因在基因结构和保守基序上具有高度一致性，且非均匀地分布于22条染色体。启动子区域分析表明，HD-Zip基因普遍含有与脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA）、茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）、水杨酸（SA）和生长素（IAA）相关的顺式作用元件，以及逆境响应、根特异性和胚乳调控等功能元件。65个基因在穗、叶、芽、根和籽粒中均有表达。特别是在禾谷镰刀菌侵染条件下，TaHDZ1.1-6B、TaHDZ1.1-5A、TaHDZ1.1-5B、TaHDZ1.1-5D等基因在不同处理时间点均显著上调，且在抗病和感病品种中的诱导表达模式一致。结论小麦HD-Zip基因家族在进化过程中表现出高度保守性，可能通过差异表达参与组织器官的发育调控及生物与非生物逆境响应。其中，TaHDZ1.1-6B、TaHDZ1.1-5A和TaHDZ1.1-5B等基因可能在小麦赤霉病防御反应中发挥关键作用。

关键词: 小麦, HD-Zip基因家族, 表达分析, 胁迫响应, 禾谷镰刀菌响应

Abstract:

Objective To systematically identify the members of the wheat homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) gene family, analyze their expression patterns across different tissues and developmental stages, and investigate their roles in response to Fusarium graminearum, thereby providing a theoretical basis for functional characterization of the wheat HD-Zip gene family. Method Using Arabidopsis HD-Zip protein sequences as queries, the members of the wheat HD-Zip gene family were identified from the wheat genome database. Protein physicochemical properties, phylogenetic tree construction, chromosome mapping and gene structure analysis were analyzed. Furthermore, transcriptome data and RT-qPCR were employed to assess the expression profiles of these genes in various tissues and under F. graminearum infection. Result A total of 85 wheat HD-Zip genes were identified, all of which encoded hydrophilic proteins, and were predicted to be unstable. Subcellular localization indicated that most HD-Zip proteins were localized in the nucleus and chloroplast. Phylogenetic and structural analyses revealed that these genes were grouped into four evolutionary clades, with members of the same clade showing high similarity in gene structure and conserved motifs, and were unevenly distributed across 22 chromosomes. Promoter analysis indicated the widespread presence of cis-acting elements associated with abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and auxin (IAA), as well as elements involved in stress responses, root specificity, and endosperm regulation. Expression analysis showed that 65 genes were expressed in the spikes, leaves, shoots, roots, and grains. Notably, under F. graminearum infection, genes such as TaHDZ1.1-6B, TaHDZ1.1-5A, TaHDZ1.1-5B, and TaHDZ1.1-5D were significantly upregulated at multiple time points, exhibiting consistent inducible expression patterns in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. Conclusion The wheat HD-Zip gene family presents strong evolutionary conservation and is likely involved in both organ development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through differential expression. Among them, TaHDZ1.1-6B, TaHDZ1.1-5A and TaHDZ1.1-5B may play crucial roles in wheat defense against F. graminearum.

Key words: wheat, HD-Zip gene family, expression analysis, stress response, Fusarium graminearum response

吕正, 连如赢, 刘怡德, 刘易科, 宁强, 王书平. 小麦HD-Zip基因家族的鉴定及对禾谷镰刀菌的响应[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(8): 123-132.

LYU Zheng, LIAN Ru-ying, LIU Yi-de, LIU Yi-ke, NING Qiang, WANG Shu-ping. Wheat HD-Zip Gene Family： Identification and Response to Fusarium graminearum[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(8): 123-132.

图/表 7

图1 小麦HD-Zip在染色体上的分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of HD-Zip on chromosomes in wheat

图2 小麦和拟南芥HD-Zip基因家族的进化树

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of HD-Zip gene family in wheat and Arabidopsis

图3 小麦HD-Zip基因家族成员的系统进化、保守结构与基因特征A：系统进化关系；B：保守基序分析；C：保守结构域分析；D：基因结构分析

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic analysis, conserved structure and gene characterization of the wheat HD-Zip gene familyA: Phylogenetic relationships. B: Conserved motifs. C: Conservative domain. D: Gene structure

图4 小麦HD-Zip基因家族成员的顺式作用元件分析

Fig. 4 Cis-acting elements in the wheat HD-Zip gene family

图5 小麦HD-Zip基因家族组织特异性表达模式

Fig. 5 Tissue-specific expression patterns of wheat HD-Zip gene family

图6 小麦HD-Zip基因家族在生物和非生物胁迫下表达模式

Fig. 6 Expression patterns of wheat HD-Zip gene family under biotic and abiotic stress

图7 小麦HD-Zip基因在禾谷镰刀菌诱导下的表达模式

Fig. 7 Expression patterns of HD-Zip gene under the inoculation of F. graminearum in wheat

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