草莓果实品质形成的关键调控基因及分子网络解析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1450

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草莓（Fragaria × ananassa）作为全球重要的经济浆果，其果实品质由外观、质地、风味与营养等多个性状共同决定，直接影响商品价值与产业竞争力。为突破传统育种瓶颈，系统解析果实品质形成的分子调控机制已成为分子设计育种的核心基础。本综述系统总结草莓果实颜色、硬度、大小、糖、酸、香气物质及抗氧化成分等关键品质性状的遗传调控基础，揭示了MYB、NAC、WRKY等转录因子在品质形成多层级调控网络的核心作用；进一步阐明了以脱落酸为核心、生长素和赤霉素等其他激素通过协同或拮抗互作来调控果实成熟与品质代谢的分子通路；并整合了温度、光照等环境因子，通过影响激素信号与转录因子活性，进而影响果实品质形成的机制。当前研究多基于二倍体野生草莓，对八倍体栽培种中多等位基因互作、复杂调控网络及基因型‒环境互作方面的研究仍存在明显不足。未来研究需结合多组学技术、CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑及人工智能预测模型，深入解析栽培草莓关键调控网络的等位变异功能，开发实用分子标记，构建智能设计育种体系，从而实现抗逆高产、轻简优质、种子繁殖型等符合未来产业需求的草莓新品种的定向选育。本综述为草莓品质的遗传改良提供理论依据，也为其他园艺作物的品质调控研究提供参考。

关键词: 草莓, 果实品质, 转录调控, 遗传变异, 分子机制, 转录因子, 植物激素, 环境因素

Abstract:

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), one of the world’s most economically important berry crops, its fruit quality is determined jointly by multiple traits such as appearance, texture, flavor, and nutritional composition. Commercial value and industrial competitiveness are directly influenced by these traits. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional breeding, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying fruit quality formation have been systematically investigated, and this has been recognized as a foundational requirement for molecular design breeding. In this review, the genetic regulatory basis of key fruit quality traits, including color, firmness, size, sugar-acid balance, aroma compounds, and antioxidant constituents, has been comprehensively summarized. The central roles of transcription factors such as MYB, NAC, and WRKY in multi-level regulatory networks governing quality formation have been revealed. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that abscisic acid is utilized as a core hormone, while auxin and gibberellin are involved in synergistic or antagonistic interactions to regulate fruit ripening and quality metabolism at the molecular level. Environmental factors such as temperature and light have been shown to affect hormone signaling and transcriptional factor activity, and consequently, fruit quality formation has been modulated through these pathways. Current studies have been conducted based on diploid wild strawberries, whereas evident deficiencies have been identified in research concerning multiallelic interactions, complex regulatory networks, and genotype-environment interactions in octoploid cultivars. In future investigations, multi-omics technologies, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and artificial intelligence-based predictive models are expected to be integrated so that allelic variation functions within key regulatory networks of cultivated strawberry can be deeply dissected. Practical molecular markers are anticipated to be developed, and intelligent design breeding systems are to be constructed, thereby enabling the targeted breeding of novel strawberry varieties that exhibit enhanced stress tolerance, high yield, simplified cultivation, superior quality, and seed propagation capacity to meet future industrial needs. A theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of strawberry quality has been provided by this review, and reference has also been offered for quality regulation research in other horticultural crops.

Key words: strawberry, fruit quality, transcriptional regulation, genetic variation, molecular mechanism, transcription factor, plant hormones, environmental factors

赵艳侠, 李倩, 孙家波, 梁红敏, 李冰冰. 草莓果实品质形成的关键调控基因及分子网络解析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(3): 111-132.

ZHAO Yan-xia, LI Qian, SUN Jia-bo, LIANG Hong-min, LI Bing-bing. Key Regulatory Genes and Molecular Networks Dissection Underlying Strawberry Fruit Quality Formation[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(3): 111-132.

图/表 3

图1 草莓果实品质形成的转录调控网络不同颜色的椭圆及线条样式具有特定含义。绿色代表NAC家族转录因子，蓝色代表MYB家族转录因子，橙色代表WRKY家族转录因子，黄色代表其他转录因子；实线箭头表示“促进”作用，短横线加竖线表示“抑制”作用

Fig. 1 Transcriptional regulatory network underlying strawberry fruit quality formationDifferent colors of ellipses and line styles have specific meanings. Green indicates NAC family transcription factors, blue indicates MYB family transcription factors, orange indicates WRKY family transcription factors, and yellow indicates other transcription factors; solid arrows indicate the “promotion” effect, and a short horizontal line with a vertical line indicates the “inhibition” effect

图2 草莓果实生长和成熟调控的激素网络A图为草莓果实发育进程中激素的动态变化。脱落酸（abscisic acid， ABA，红实线）：在转色期含量骤升，促成熟；生长素（auxin，蓝实线）：小绿至大绿果阶段占比高，抑制早期成熟、促进细胞分裂；赤霉素（gibberellins， GAs，绿实线）：协同auxin促进果实膨大、延迟成熟；乙烯（ethylene， Eth，橙色虚线）：在转色期上升，与ABA协同触发成熟；茉莉酸（jasmonic acids， JAs，黑虚线）：全程低丰度且稳定。B图为auxin与ABA的交叉互作网络。Auxin通过ARF2/IAA等促进ABA合成基因（NCED1/5）表达、抑制降解基因（CYP707A）活性，提升ABA水平；ABA结合PYR/PYL受体后，激活SnRK2.6等核心激酶，磷酸化FaTCP7解除其对糖转运基因FaSTP13和FaSPT的抑制，促进糖积累；并启动MYB10/bHLH3级联，结合UFGT基因启动子促进花青素积累

Fig. 2 Hormonal regulatory network governing strawberry fruit growth and ripeningFigure A shows the dynamic changes of hormones during the development of strawberry fruits. Abscisic acid (ABA, red solid line): Its content surges sharply during the color-turning period, promoting ripening. Auxin (blue solid line): It accounts for a high proportion from the small green fruit stage to the large green fruit stage; inhibiting early ripening, promotes cell division. Gibberellins (GAs, green solid line): It synergizes with auxin to promote fruit enlargement and delay ripening. Ethylene (Eth, orange dashed line): It rises during the color-turning period, and cooperates with ABA to trigger ripening. Jasmonic acids (JAs, black dashed line): It maintains a low abundance and stability throughout the development process. Figure B shows the cross-interaction network between auxin and ABA. Auxin promotes the expressions of ABA synthesis genes (NCED1/5) and inhibits the activities of degradation genes (CYP707A) through ARF2/IAA, increasing the ABA level. After ABA binds to PYR/PYL receptors, it activates core kinases such as SnRK2.6, phosphorylates FaTCP7 to relieve its inhibition on sugar transporter genes FaSTP13 and FaSPT, and promotes sugar accumulation. It also initiates MYB10/bHLH3 cascade and binds to the promoter of the UFGT gene to promote anthocyanin accumulation

图3 草莓智能设计育种体系模型

Fig. 3 Intelligent design breeding system model for strawberry

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