生物技术通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 251-255.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016.04.034

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北传统豆酱发酵过程中微生物的多样性

高秀芝1,易欣欣1,刘慧1,王晓东1,崔宗均2   

  1. 1. 北京农学院食品科学与工程学院 农产品有害微生物及农残安全检测与控制北京市重点实验室 食品质量与安全北京实验室,北京 102206;
    2. 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院 中国农业大学生物质工程中心,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-30 出版日期:2016-04-25 发布日期:2016-04-26
  • 作者简介:高秀芝,女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品微生物;E-mail:gxz@bac.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京市教委面上项目(KM201310020010)

Microbial Diversity of Traditional Soybean Paste During Fermentation in Northeastern China

GAO Xiu-zhi1 ,YI Xin-xin1, LIU Hui1 ,WANG Xiao-dong1 ,CUI Zong-jun2   

  1. 1. Faculty of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety,Beijing 102206;
    2. Center of Biomass Engineering,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193
  • Received:2015-07-30 Published:2016-04-25 Online:2016-04-26

摘要: 以东北传统发酵豆酱为研究对象,分析豆酱发酵过程中微生物群落的动态变化。分别选择发酵豆酱0、35、65、75和105 d(成品豆酱)作为研究材料,通过PCR-DGGE分析微生物多样性,检测了豆酱发酵过程中蛋白质和氨基酸态氮的变化。结果表明,豆酱发酵过程中主要优势细菌为芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌,芽孢杆菌包括枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、淀粉液化芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌的近缘种等;主要乳酸菌为乳球菌、明串珠菌、魏斯氏菌等种属细菌的近缘种;东北豆酱发酵过程中优势真菌为米曲霉、散囊菌和谢瓦氏曲霉的近缘种,随发酵时间延长数量逐渐减少;粗蛋白相对含量先略有平稳上升后下降,最后成品酱粗蛋白含量下降为24.76%;氨基态氮含量一直在增加,成品酱中为101.2 g/kg。

关键词: PCR-DGGE, 传统发酵豆酱, 微生物多样性

Abstract: This work is to analyze the dynamic variation of microbial community during the fermentation of traditional soybean paste in northeastern China. Selecting the fermented 0 d,35 d,65 d,75 d and 105 d soybean pastes as research materials,the microbial diversity was analyzed,and the changes of proteins and amino acid-nitrogen were detected,by PCR-DGGE technique. The results showed that the dominant bacteria during the fermentation of soybean paste were Bacillus and Lactobacteria,and the Bacillus mainly covered the closely related species of B. subtilis,B. pumilus,B. amyloliquefaciens,B. licheniformis,et al. The main species of Lactobacteria included the closely related ones of Lactococcus,Leuconostoc,Weissella cibaria,et al. The dominant fungi during the fermentation of soybean paste were the closely related species of Aspergillus oryzae,Eurotium rubrum,and Aspergillus chevalieri,and they decreased gradually with the fermentation time. The crude protein of the soybean paste finally decreased to 24.76% after increasing smoothly in former fermentation process. The amino acid-nitrogen kept on increasing during whole progress and its concentration was up to 101.2 g/kg in final soybean paste.

Key words: PCR-DGGE, traditional fermented soybean paste, microbial diversity