肠道微生物对宿主适应性免疫的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0497

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肠道微生物与宿主共同进化，形成了不可分割的宿主-微生物共生关系。这些共生微生物通过参与适应性免疫的发育和维持，在机体免疫系统中发挥了重要作用。适应性免疫系统通过B细胞介导的体液免疫和T细胞介导的细胞免疫维持机体稳态。肠道微生物可以直接调节B、T细胞的分化和活化，保护机体免遭病原体感染。本文综述肠道微生物对宿主早期免疫系统发育、细胞免疫和体液免疫的调控作用，以期为研究“微生物-宿主互作”对宿主适应性免疫的调控作用提供理论参考。

关键词: 肠道微生物, 适应性免疫, 细胞免疫, 体液免疫

Abstract:

The intestinal microbiota coevolves with the host, forming an inseparable host-microbe symbiosis. These symbiotic microbes play an important role in the host immune system by participating in the development and maintenance of adaptive immunity. The adaptive immune system maintains the body's homeostasis through B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell-mediated cellular immunity. Intestinal microbiota can directly regulate the differentiation and activation of B and T cells, thus protecting the host from pathogen infections. This article reviews the regulatory effects of intestinal microorganisms on host early immune system development, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for studying the regulatory effect of “microbe-host interaction” on host adaptive immunity.

Key words: intestinal microbiota, adaptive immunity, cellular immunity, humoral immunity

刘艳, 孙静, 葛良鹏, 马继登, 张进威. 肠道微生物对宿主适应性免疫的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(1): 113-126.

LIU Yan, SUN Jing, GE Liang-peng, MA Ji-deng, ZHANG Jin-wei. Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Host Adaptive Immunity[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(1): 113-126.

图/表 2

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肠道微生物 Intestinal microbiota	实验对象 Subject	影响方式 Effects
双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）TMC3115	小鼠	促进新生小鼠肠道上皮的发育，可改善抗生素损伤的脾脏指数^[61]
短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis strain）1E1	仔猪	回肠隐窝深度较大，在空肠表达CD2、CD4和MHC-II的白细胞数量较低，影响肠道结构和免疫系统发育^[62]
副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei, Lp）DN-114001	小鼠	影响后代微生物菌群的发育，调节参与先天性和获得性免疫的两个重要免疫细胞群（巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）^[63]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	小鼠	促进肠功能成熟，包括肠上皮细胞增殖、分化以及早期IgA生成^[64]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	仔猪	促进断奶仔猪肠道T淋巴细胞的增殖^[65]
	仔猪	促进仔猪固有的早期B谱系发育和IgA产生^[66]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D8	小鼠	保护肠道屏障并激活肠上皮细胞增殖，促进肠道类器官的生长发育，恢复肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）引起的肠上皮结构损伤^[67]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D3	仔猪	促进新生仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的发育，维持肠道黏膜屏障^[68]

肠道微生物 Intestinal microbiota	实验对象 Subject	影响方式 Effects
双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）TMC3115	小鼠	促进新生小鼠肠道上皮的发育，可改善抗生素损伤的脾脏指数^[61]
短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis strain）1E1	仔猪	回肠隐窝深度较大，在空肠表达CD2、CD4和MHC-II的白细胞数量较低，影响肠道结构和免疫系统发育^[62]
副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei, Lp）DN-114001	小鼠	影响后代微生物菌群的发育，调节参与先天性和获得性免疫的两个重要免疫细胞群（巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）^[63]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	小鼠	促进肠功能成熟，包括肠上皮细胞增殖、分化以及早期IgA生成^[64]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	仔猪	促进断奶仔猪肠道T淋巴细胞的增殖^[65]
	仔猪	促进仔猪固有的早期B谱系发育和IgA产生^[66]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D8	小鼠	保护肠道屏障并激活肠上皮细胞增殖，促进肠道类器官的生长发育，恢复肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）引起的肠上皮结构损伤^[67]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D3	仔猪	促进新生仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的发育，维持肠道黏膜屏障^[68]