生物技术通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 34-44.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0075

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米花青素生物合成代谢调控

胡锦锦1(), 李素贞2, 马旭辉2, 柳小庆2, 谢珊珊1, 江海洋1(), 陈茹梅2()   

  1. 1.安徽农业大学生命科学学院,合肥 230036
    2.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-17 出版日期:2024-06-26 发布日期:2024-06-24
  • 通讯作者: 陈茹梅,女,研究员,研究方向:植物分子生物学与基因工程;E-mail: chenrumei@caas.cn
    江海洋,男,教授,研究方向:玉米逆境生物学;E-mail: hyjiang@ahau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:胡锦锦,女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物分子生物学;E-mail: h248229@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32001550)

Regulation of Maize Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Metabolism

HU Jin-jin1(), LI Su-zhen2, MA Xu-hui2, LIU Xiao-qing2, XIE Shan-shan1, JIANG Hai-yang1(), CHEN Ru-mei2()   

  1. 1. School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036
    2. Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-01-17 Published:2024-06-26 Online:2024-06-24

摘要:

花青素(anthocyanidin)以糖苷形式与葡萄糖或纤维二糖分子结合存在,是一类水溶性天然色素,广泛存在于自然界中的果蔬和花卉中。花青素具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤以及抑制病毒生长等生理活性,因此在食品和医药领域具有广阔的应用前景。随着对植物花青素合成途径的深入研究,花青素生物合成途径逐渐清晰,但是花青素调控基因以及机制仍有很大的探索空间。紫玉米是一种富含花青素的作物,其花青素生物合成途径的研究具有重要的实际意义。近年来,研究人员在富含花青素玉米研究中取得了较大进展,但在花青素玉米的精准育种方面有待进一步研究。本文从玉米的花青素生物合成途径、关键酶基因和调控基因等方面进行综述,系统分析了玉米花青素合成途径中各个结构基因以及MYBbHLHWD40等调控基因对花青素合成的影响;阐述了MBW三元复合物对花青素的调控;讨论了富含花青素玉米育种中尚未解决的问题及未来研究方向,以期为今后开展花青素玉米遗传改良以及选育高花青素玉米品种提供参考。

关键词: 花青素, 玉米, 生物合成, 代谢调控

Abstract:

Anthocyanidins exist in the form of glycosides bound to glucose or fibre disaccharide molecules, and are a class of water-soluble natural pigments that are widely found in fruits, vegetables and flowers in nature. Anthocyanins have physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, and virus growth inhibition, thus they have broad application prospects in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Purple corn is an anthocyanin-rich crop, and the study of its anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is of high practical significance. With the in-depth study of anthocyanin synthesis pathway in plants, the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway has been gradually clarified, but the anthocyanin regulatory genes and the mechanism still have a lot of room for exploration. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the study of anthocyanin-rich maize, but the precision breeding of anthocyanin-rich maize needs further research. In this paper, we reviewed the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, key enzyme genes and regulatory genes of maize, systematically analysed the effects of structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of maize as well as regulatory genes, such as MYB, bHLH, WD40, etc., and elaborated on the regulation of anthocyanins by the MBW ternary complex. We also discussed the unresolved issues in breeding anthocyanin-rich maize and the future research direction, with a view to providing reference for future research on the genetic improvement of anthocyanins in maize and the selection of maize varieties with high anthocyanin content.

Key words: anthocyanidin, maize, biosynthesis, metabolic regulation