间作与施氮对高粱根际土壤细菌多样性及功能的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究不同种植模式和施氮处理对高粱根系细菌群落的影响。方法设置两种种植模式（SW：单作高粱，WS：高粱间作大豆），3种不同施氮水平（N0：不施氮，N1：常规施氮，N2：高氮），对不同处理高粱根际土壤进行16S rRNA序列测定，并进行细菌多样性及功能分析。结果细菌群落丰度在单作中随施氮量的增加而升高，间作中随施氮量的增加而降低，Shannon 与Simpson指数在6个处理间均无显著差异。种植模式与施氮水平影响了根际细菌群落的组成。高粱根际土壤优势菌门有6个优势类群，分别为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadota）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）。FAPROTAX细菌功能分组主要以化能异养、好养型化能异养、捕食性或外寄生性、硝酸盐还原作用等为主。相关性网络分析显示，在正常氮条件下，间作较单作细菌群落相互作用更多、网络更复杂。结论间作与不同施氮量影响了高粱根际土壤细菌群落组成。在一定施氮范围，间作可提高高粱根际土壤细菌多样性，增加放线菌门的相对丰度。

关键词: 高粱, 间作大豆, 施氮, 根际土壤, 群落结构

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effects of different planting modes and nitrogen application treatments on the bacterial community of sorghum roots. Method Two planting modes (SW: sole sorghum planting; WS: sorghum intercropping with soybean) and three nitrogen application levels (N0: no nitrogen; N1: conventional nitrogen; N2: high nitrogen) were set up, 16S rRNA sequences in sorghum rhizosphere soil under different treatments were determined, and bacterial diversity and function were analyzed. Result The abundance of bacterial community increased with increasing N application in sole cropping while decreased with increasing N application in intercropping. No significant difference was observed between the treatments in Shannon index and Simpson index. The planting modes and nitrogen application levels significantly affected the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities. There were six dominant phyla in sorghum rhizosphere soil, i.e., Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Bacteroidota, and Chloroflexi. Bacterial function prediction using FAPROTAX centered mainly on chemoheterotrophic, autotrophic chemoheterotrophic, prephagous or ectoparasitic, nitrate reduction, and animal parasites or symbionts. Correlation network analysis showed that there were more interactions of bacterial community in intercropping and more complex networks than sole cropping under the conditions of N0 and N1. Conclusion Intercropping and different nitrogen application levels affected the composition of bacterial community in sorghum rhizosphere soil. In a certain range of nitrogen application level, intercropping may improve the bacterial diversity in sorghum rhizosphere soil and increase the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bradyrhizobium.

Key words: sorghum, intercropped soybean, nitrogen application, rhizosphere soil, structure of community

赵强, 陈思宇, 彭方丽, 汪灿, 高杰, 周棱波, 张国兵, 姜昱雯, 邵明波. 间作与施氮对高粱根际土壤细菌多样性及功能的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(6): 307-316.

ZHAO Qiang, CHEN Si-yu, PENG Fang-li, WANG Can, GAO Jie, ZHOU Ling-bo, ZHANG Guo-bing, JIANG Yu-wen, SHAO Ming-bo. Effects of Intercropping and Nitrogen Application on the Diversity and Functions of Soil Bacteria around Sorghum Rhizosphere[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(6): 307-316.

图/表 7

表1 试验各处理施肥量

Table 1 Amount of applied fertilizer in each experimental treatment

种植模式 Planting mode	施肥处理 Treatment of applying fertilizer	高粱施肥量 Amount of applied fertilizer in planting sorghum （kg/hm）
种植模式 Planting mode	施肥处理 Treatment of applying fertilizer	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
SW	N0	0	100	300
	N1	200	100	300
	N2	400	100	300
WS	N0	0	110	330
	N1	220	110	330
	N2	440	110	330

图1 基于非度量多维尺度（NMDS）不同处理多样性分析

Fig. 1 Diversity analysis of different treatments based on non-metric multidimensional scales (NMDS)

表2 不同处理高粱根际土壤细菌群落丰度与多样性指数

Table 2 Indices of bacterial community abundance and diversity in rhizosphere soil of sorghum under different treatments

处理 Treatment	OTUs	Shannon 指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1 指数 Chao1 index	Ace 指数 Ace index
SW-N0	2 172	6.15±0.04	0.995 39±0.000 08	1 961.47±66.76	1 945.77±60.31
SW-N1	2 348	6.23±0.08	0.995 19±0.000 65	2 058.32±111.01	2 064.59±29.30
SW-N2	2 365	6.18±0.01	0.995 02±0.000 11	2 124.00±33.78	2 119.75±27.64
WS-N0	2 309	6.28±0.04	0.995 61±0.000 54	2 079.17±49.92	2 090.03±18.57
WS-N1	2 318	6.31±0.05	0.995 98±0.000 37	2 110.02±28.00	2 044.01±92.08
WS-N2	2 282	6.13±0.21	0.994 79±0.001 36	1 924.67±127.36	1 929.61±126.98

图2 高粱根际细菌群落结构A：属水平各处理细菌群落结构图；B：门水平各处理细菌群落结构图；C：不同处理中OTU 数目花瓣；D ：门水平组间差异显著水平，不同小写字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig. 2 Bacterial community structure around sorghum rhizosphereA: Map of bacterial community structure at the genus level. B: Map of bacterial community structure at the phylum level. C: Flower plot analysis for OTU in different treatments. D: Significant differences among groups at the phylum level, with different lowercase letters indicating significant differences, P<0.05

图3 不同处理高粱根际细菌群落功能组成

Fig. 3 Functional composition of bacterial communities around sorghum rhizosphere under different treatments

图4 不同处理高粱根际细菌网络图

Fig. 4 Graph of bacteria network around sorghum rhizosphere under different treatments

表3 不同处理高粱根际细菌相关性网络属性

Table 3 Network attributes of bacteria correlation around sorghum rhizosphere under different treatments

处理 Treatment	节点数 Number of nodes	边数 Number of edges	正相关边数 Number of positive edges	负相关边数 Number of negative edges	聚类系数 Clustering coefficient	模块性 Modularity
SW-N0	161	668	444	224	0.509 1	0.533 9
SW-N1	165	747	491	256	0.539 4	0.551 9
SW-N2	171	763	498	265	0.563 8	0.570 9
WS-N0	168	756	499	257	0.582 4	0.552 3
WS-N1	172	768	511	257	0.598 6	0.569 4
WS-N2	164	725	478	247	0.518 9	0.546 9

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