植物磷酸盐转运蛋白在胁迫响应中的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1153

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

磷（phosphorus, P）是植物生长、发育和诸多生理功能中的必需元素。磷酸盐转运蛋白负责磷从土壤到植物细胞器的摄取和运输，在植物的生长发育及非生物胁迫和生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。本文综述了植物磷酸盐转运蛋白的分类、结构特点、亚细胞定位及其在植物应对非生物胁迫和生物胁迫响应中的重要作用。植物磷酸盐转运蛋白可分三大类，其中第一类又可分为5个亚家族。这些蛋白在植物体内的不同部位发挥功能。植物磷酸盐转运蛋白不仅参与磷酸盐的吸收和转运，还在胁迫响应中起重要作用。在非生物胁迫下，植物磷酸盐转运蛋白被诱导表达，通过提高植物的抗氧化能力增强植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性。此外，植物磷酸盐转运蛋白与其他蛋白互作，从而调控植物响应非生物胁迫。在生物胁迫下，植物磷酸盐转运蛋白通过调节植物体内防御相关基因的转录水平，从而正向或负向调控植物对病原物的抗性。已有研究表明植物磷酸盐转运蛋白在胁迫响应中的重要作用，但其具体的分子机制和调控网络仍需进一步探索。未来的研究方向将聚焦于鉴定植物磷酸盐转运蛋白的上游调控因子及下游互作靶基因，深入阐明植物磷酸盐转运蛋白调控生物胁迫与非生物胁迫的分子机制，以期为作物的磷高效利用和高产高抗分子育种提供参考。

关键词: 磷, 植物, 磷酸盐转运蛋白, 生物胁迫, 非生物胁迫, 胁迫应答, 调控机制

Abstract:

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth, development and many physiological functions. Phosphate transporters are responsible for the uptake and transport of phosphorus from the soil to plant organelles and play a significant role in plant growth and development as well as in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This article reviews the classification, structural characteristics, subcellular localization of plant phosphate transporters and their important roles in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant phosphate transporters can be divided into three major classes, with the first class further divided into five subfamilies. These proteins perform functions in different parts of the plant. Plant phosphate transporters not only participate in the absorption and transport of phosphate but also play a crucial role in stress responses. Under abiotic stress, plant phosphate transporters are induced to express, which can enhance the plant's tolerance to abiotic stress by increasing its antioxidant capacity. In addition, plant phosphate transporters interact with other proteins to regulate plant responses to abiotic stress. Under biotic stress, plant phosphate transporters regulate the transcriptional levels of defense-related genes in plants, thereby positively or negatively regulating plant resistance to pathogens. Existing studies have demonstrated the important role of plant phosphate transporters in stress responses, but their specific molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks still need further exploration. Future research directions will focus on screening and identifying upstream regulatory factors and downstream interacting target genes of plant phosphate transporters, and deeply elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which plant phosphate transporters regulate biotic and abiotic stress responses, with the aim of providing references for the efficient utilization of phosphorus in crops and high-yield and high-resistance molecular breeding.

Key words: phosphorus, plants, phosphate transporters, biotic stress, abiotic stress, response to stress, regulatory mechanism

张学琼, 潘素君, 李魏, 戴良英. 植物磷酸盐转运蛋白在胁迫响应中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(7): 28-36.

ZHANG Xue-qiong, PAN Su-jun, LI Wei, DAI Liang-ying. Research Progress of Plant Phosphate Transporters in the Response to Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 28-36.

图/表 2

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