水杨酸甲酯酶及其介导的植物抗病性研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0194

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水杨酸甲酯酶属于α/β水解酶超家族，在植物免疫中发挥重要作用。本文系统综述了水杨酸甲酯酶在植物抗病领域的研究进展。首先，阐述了水杨酸甲酯酶的发现和生化功能，分析了该酶在不同植物中的进化与抗病性的关系。其次，重点综述了水杨酸甲酯酶抵御病毒、真菌、细菌、原生生物和寄生生物多类病原体的抗病功能和机制，阐释了其在植物局部防御和系统获得性抗性的作用机制，总结了该酶在参与植物间气传性免疫中发挥的重要作用。进一步从转录水平调控和翻译后修饰两个层面，介绍了转录因子对水杨酸甲酯酶基因的表达调控，以及去乙酰化修饰对酶活性的影响。此外，本文基于现代生物信息学技术和测序技术的发展，探讨了水杨酸甲酯酶基因资源的挖掘策略，并展望了其在抗病育种中的潜在应用价值，提出其在目前研究中有待解决的问题。本文为深入理解水杨酸甲酯酶介导的植物免疫调控机制及其未来研究方向提供理论参考，并为植物抗病品种的选育提供理论支撑。

关键词: 水杨酸甲酯酶, 植物, 抗病, 系统获得性抗性, 气传性免疫

Abstract:

Methyl salicylate esterase is a member of the α/β hydrolase superfamily, which plays an important role in plant immunity. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on methyl salicylate esterase in the field of plant disease resistance. First, this review describes the discovery and biochemical functions of methyl salicylate esterase and analyzes the relationship between its evolution across different plant species and disease resistance. Second, the defense functions and mechanisms of methyl salicylate esterase against multiple classes of pathogens, including viruses, fungi, bacteria, protists, and parasitic organisms, are summarized. The mechanism of action of the esterase in both local defense and systemic acquired resistance is elucidated, and its important role in airborne immune communication among plants is described. Furthermore, from the perspectives of transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification, the regulation of methyl salicylate esterase genes expression by transcription factors, as well as the effect of deacetylation on enzyme activity, is summarized. Additionally, this review discusses strategies for mining methyl salicylate esterase gene resources, explores its potential applications in disease resistance breeding, and identifies unresolved questions in current research. This review provides theoretical references for in-depth understanding of the plant immune regulatory network mediated by methyl salicylate esterase and its future research directions, and offers theoretical support for the breeding of disease-resistant plant varieties.

Key words: methyl salicylate esterase, plant, disease resistance, systemic acquired resistance, airborne defense

侯坤鹏, 徐莉萍, 王邢斌, 张雨晴, 王文强, 霍子函, 赵晨阳, 徐硕, 张智强, 苟明月. 水杨酸甲酯酶及其介导的植物抗病性研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(11): 1-10.

HOU Kun-peng, XU Li-ping, WANG Xing-bin, ZHANG Yu-qing, WANG Wen-qiang, HUO Zi-han, ZHAO Chen-yang, XU Shuo, ZHANG Zhi-qiang, GOU Ming-yue. Research Progress on Methyl Salicylate Esterase and Its Mediated Plant Disease Resistance[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(11): 1-10.

图/表 5

图1 水杨酸甲酯酶催化反应

Fig. 1 Methyl salicylate esterase-catalyzed reaction

图2 已被研究报道具有水杨酸甲酯酶活性的水杨酸甲酯酶系统进化分析

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic analysis of the reported methyl salicylate esterase with methyl salicylate esterase activity

图3 水杨酸甲酯酶基因调节植物抗病性当病原物（真菌、细菌、病毒等）侵染植物下部叶片时，植物感知信号，激活SAMT1，将叶片中的SA转化为MeSA，SABP2受WRKY1和NAC2调控，同时SIP428对SABP2进行去乙酰化修饰，增强SABP2的水杨酸甲酯酶活性，促进MeSA向SA的转化，同时激活ICS途径和PAL途径，共同促进SA的积累，促进转录因子TGA与受体NPR1结合，激活PRs基因表达，且SABP2间接调控RBOH活性，刺激ROS爆发，使下部叶产生局部抗性，而WRKY1适当抑制SAMT1基因表达，调控MeSA和SA之间的动态平衡；当MeSA通过韧皮部运输至上部叶片时，随着上部叶片MeSA水平上升，SABP2被激活，重新将MeSA转化为SA，再次促进上部叶的转录因子TGA与NPR1结合，激活PRs基因表达，引发SAR。实线箭头表示直接调控，虚线箭头表示间接调控，T型线表示抑制作用

Fig. 3 Methyl salicylate esterase gene regulates plant disease resistanceWhen pathogens (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.) infect the lower leaves of a plant, the plant perceives the signal and activates SAMT1, which converts SA in the leaves into MeSA. SABP2 is regulated by WRKY1 and NAC2. Meanwhile, SIP428 deacetylates SABP2, enhancing its methyl salicylate esterase activity, which promotes the conversion of MeSA back to SA. This simultaneously activates the ICS pathway and the PAL pathway, collectively promoting the accumulation of SA. The accumulation of SA facilitates the binding of the transcription factor TGA with its receptor NPR1, activating the expression of PRs genes. Additionally, SABP2 indirectly regulates RBOH activity, stimulating the ROS, which induces local resistance in the lower leaves. Furthermore, WRKY1 moderately inhibits the expression of SAMT1 gene, thereby regulating the dynamic balance between MeSA and SA. When MeSA is transported to the upper leaves via the phloem, the increased MeSA level in the upper leaves activates SABP2, which reconverts MeSA into SA. This again promotes the binding of TGA with NPR1 in the upper leaves, activates the expression of PRs genes, and triggers SAR. Solid arrows indicate direct regulation, dashed arrows indicate indirect regulation, T-shaped lines indicate inhibition

图4 水杨酸甲酯酶参与MeSA介导的植物气传性免疫A：当无病毒蚜虫侵染植物时，NAC2转录因子被激活，使SAMT1表达水平上升，激活SAMT1，强烈诱导MeSA的生成，随着MeSA大量释放到空气中，邻近植物捕获MeSA，激活SABP2，将MeSA转化为SA，激活NAC2-SAMT1模块，进一步促进MeSA的生成，使邻近植物产生气传性免疫（AD），抵御蚜虫的侵染。B：当携带病毒的蚜虫侵染植物时，NAC2与CMV1a结合，被26S蛋白酶体降解，抑制SAMT1，从而抑制MeSA的生成，邻近植物捕获到的MeSA减少，抑制SABP2活性，使SA生成减少，抑制NAC2-SAMT1模块，从而抑制MeSA的合成和释放，降低对蚜虫的抗性。实线箭头表示直接调控，T型线表示抑制作用

Fig. 4 Methyl salicylate esterase plays a key role in MeSA-mediated airborne defense in plantsA: When non-virulent aphids infest a plant, the NAC2 transcription factor is activated, leading to increased expression of SAMT1 and activation of SAMT1, which strongly induces MeSA production. As substantial amounts of MeSA are released into the air, neighboring plants capture MeSA, activate SABP2, and convert MeSA into SA, thereby activating the NAC2-SAMT1 module and further promoting MeSA generation. This induces airborne defense (AD) in neighboring plants, protecting them against aphid infestation. B: When viruliferous aphids infest a plant, NAC2 binds to CMV1a and is degraded by the 26S proteasome, leading to inhibition of SAMT1 and subsequent suppression of MeSA production. Consequently, less MeSA is captured by neighboring plants, SABP2 activity is inhibited, and SA production is reduced. This suppresses the NAC2-SAMT1 module, inhibiting MeSA synthesis and release, thereby reducing resistance to aphids. Solid arrows indicate direct regulation, T-shaped lines indicate inhibition

表1 水杨酸甲酯酶基因受病原物诱导及其抗病功能

Table 1 Pathogen-induced expression and disease resistance function of methyl salicylate esterase genes

基因 Genes	物种 Species	是否受病原物诱导 Whether induced by pathogens or not	病原物种类 Types of pathogens	遗传材料的表型 The phenotype of genetic material	参考文献 References
NtSABP2	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	是	病毒	NtSABP2沉默株系相较于野生型更易感烟草花叶病毒	［1， 13］
AtMES1	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	是	细菌	SABP2沉默系更易感丁香假单胞菌，AtMES1、AtMES7 和 AtMES9 这3个基因能完全恢复SABP2沉默系的SAR缺陷	［16］
AtMES7
AtMES9
AtMES2		否
AtMES4		否
CsMES1	柑橘 Citrus sinensis	是	细菌	外施MeSA和SA后，野生型叶片的柑橘溃疡病菌明显减少	［17］
CsMES2		是	细菌	外施MeSA和SA后，野生型叶片的柑橘溃疡病菌明显减少	［17］
CsSABP2-1		是	细菌	CsSABP2过表达株系相对于野生型，对柑橘溃疡病和黄龙病的抗性提高	［5］
CsSABP2-2
CsSABP2-3
StMES1	马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	是	真菌	StMES1沉默株系对致病疫霉的抗性相对于野生型减弱	［9］
PvMES1	普通菜豆 Phaseolus vulgaris	是	真菌	PvMES1的过表达株系提高了对尖孢镰刀菌的抗性，PvMES1的沉默株系更加易感病	［10］
FvMES2	草莓 Fragaria vesca	是	真菌	FvMES2的过表达株系增加对灰霉病的抗性	［20］
BnMES34	甘蓝型油菜 Brassica napus	是	原生动物	BnMES34过表达株系有效抵御芸苔疟原虫的侵袭	［8］
GmSABP2-1	大豆 Glycine max	是	动物	GmSABP2-1的过表达株系能有效抵抗大豆胞囊线虫	［6］
SlMES1	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	未知
SlMES2
SlMES3					［14］
SlMES4
PtSABP2	毛果杨 Populus trichocarpa	未知			［18］
PpMES2	桃子 Prunus persica	未知			［19］
LcSABP2	枸杞 Lycium chinense	未知			［15］

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