草莓耐高温分子响应机制的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0913

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高温胁迫是导致华南地区草莓生长受阻、产量骤降，果实品质劣变的主要非生物胁迫之一。了解草莓耐高温分子响应机制的研究现状，不仅能为耐高温草莓新品种选育提供精准的基因靶点与理论支撑，还可指导制定遮阳降温、抗逆调节剂喷施等针对性栽培管理措施，有效增强草莓植株抗高温能力，保障华南地区草莓产业年产量稳定与优质果率提升。本文综述了草莓耐高温分子响应机制的最新研究进展，从高温胁迫对草莓的生理影响入手，系统阐述了热激蛋白、抗氧化系统、渗透调节物质、激素信号转导等关键分子响应途径，其中热激蛋白家族在高温诱导下可通过维持蛋白质稳态保护细胞结构；抗氧化系统中，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等酶活性显著升高，协同清除过量活性氧（ROS），减少细胞膜脂质过氧化损伤；渗透调节物质通过提高细胞渗透压增强保水能力；激素信号转导中，脱落酸（ABA）、水杨酸（SA）通过调控下游抗逆基因表达，构建多层级耐热调控网络。此外，还介绍了转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学在植物耐高温研究中的应用，为草莓耐热机制解析提供技术支撑。这些研究成果为深入理解草莓耐热分子机制和抗逆栽培提供了理论依据，同时为加速草莓耐高温分子设计育种提供资源。

关键词: 草莓, 高温胁迫, 热激蛋白, 抗氧化系统, 渗透调节物质, 植物激素, 信号转导, 组学

Abstract:

High-temperature stress is one of the main abiotic stresses leading to stunted growth, sharp yield reduction, and deterioration of fruit quality of strawberries in South China. Understanding the research status of the molecular response mechanisms of strawberry to high-temperature tolerance not only provides precise gene targets and theoretical support for the breeding of high-temperature-tolerant strawberry varieties, but also can guide the formulation of targeted cultivation and management measures such as sunshade cooling and spraying of stress-resistant regulators. These measures can effectively enhance the high-temperature resistance of strawberry plants, ensuring the stable annual output of the strawberry industry in South China and the improvement of the rate of high-quality fruits. This article reviews the latest research progress on the molecular response mechanisms of strawberry to high-temperature tolerance. Starting from the physiological effects of high-temperature stress on strawberries, the article systematically expounds on key molecular response pathways such as heat shock proteins, antioxidant systems, osmotic adjustment substances, and hormone signal transduction. Among them, the heat shock protein family can protect cell structures by maintaining protein homeostasis under high-temperature induction; in the antioxidant system, the activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increase significantly, which work together to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce the damage of cell membrane lipid peroxidation. Osmotic adjustment substances enhance water retention capacity by increasing cell osmotic pressure. In hormone signal transduction, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) construct a multi-level heat tolerance regulatory network by regulating the expressions of downstream stress-resistant genes. In addition, it also introduces the application of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in the research on plant high-temperature tolerance, providing technical support for the analysis of the strawberry heat tolerance mechanism. These research results provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying strawberry heat tolerance and stress-resistant cultivation, and also offer resources for accelerating molecular design breeding of high-temperature-tolerant strawberries.

Key words: strawberry, high-temperature stress, heat shock protein, antioxidant system, osmotic adjustment substances, plant hormones, signal transduction, omics

吴夏明, 刘传和, 贺涵, 周陈平, 杨敏, 邝瑞彬, 徐泽, 魏岳荣. 草莓耐高温分子响应机制的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0913.

WU Xia-ming, LIU Chuan-he, HE Han, ZHOU Chen-ping, YANG Min, KUANG Rui-bin, XU Ze, WEI Yue-rong. Research Progress in Molecular Response Mechanisms of Strawberry to High-Temperature Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0913.

图/表 2

图1 高温胁迫对草莓生长发育的影响ROS：活性氧；↓：降低；↑：升高；→：促进

Fig. 1 Effects of high-temperature stress on strawberry growth and developmentROS: Reactive oxygen species. ↓: Decrease. ↑: Increase. →: Promote

图2 高温胁迫下草莓体内的分子响应机制高温通过细胞膜流动性变化触发信号激活，一方面诱导HSFs家族转录因子活化，启动HSP70、HSP90、sHsps等热激蛋白协同表达，维持蛋白质稳定与光合系统功能；另一方面激活MAPK信号通路，联动IAA、CTK、GA、ABA、SA、JA、BR等激素参与信号转导，调控下游应激反应；同时，通过SOD、CAT、POD、APX等抗氧化酶与ROS模块协同清除活性氧，减少MDA积累造成的氧化损伤，并积累脯氨酸等渗透调节物质维持细胞渗透平衡，多途径协同抵御高温伤害，保障植株正常生长发育

Fig. 2 Molecular response mechanisms in strawberries under high temperature stressHigh temperature first triggers signal activation through changes in membrane fluidity. On one hand, it induces the activation of HSFs family transcription factors, initiating the synergistic expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as HSP70, HSP90, and sHsps to maintain protein stability and photosynthetic system function. On the other hand, it activates the MAPK signaling pathway, which interacts with hormones including IAA, CTK, GA, ABA, SA, JA, and BR to participate in signal transduction and regulate downstream stress responses. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD, and APX cooperate with the ROS module to scavenge reactive oxygen species, reducing oxidative damage caused by MDA accumulation. Additionally, it accumulates osmoprotectants such as proline to maintain cellular osmotic balance. These multiple pathways work synergistically to resist high-temperature damage and ensure the normal growth and development of the plant

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