橡胶树抗寒相关转录因子研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0157

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）是天然橡胶的核心来源，其抗寒能力的提升对打破种植区域限制、保障产业长期发展具有至关重要的战略意义。近年来，随着橡胶树的全基因组测序和多组学技术的突破性进展，其响应低温胁迫的分子调控机制已迈入系统整合的阶段，其中以转录因子为核心的级联调控网络成为关键突破点。本文系统总结了ICE、CBF和AP2/ERF等转录因子通过识别MYC、DRE/CRT等顺式作用元件激活下游冷响应基因的分子机制，明确了ICE-CBF级联信号通路在低温信号转导中的枢纽地位。在此基础上，进一步整合了脱落酸、乙烯、茉莉酸等激素信号通路，以及DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰等表观遗传修饰机制，逐步构建起以转录因子主导、多维度协同作用的调控框架。最后，针对未来研究提出了增加其他关键转录因子功能验证、多组学联合分析、非编码RNA调控等方向，以期为橡胶树抗寒种质的分子设计提供理论支撑。

关键词: 橡胶树, 抗寒性, 转录因子, 植物激素, 表观遗传

Abstract:

Hevea brasiliensis is the primary source of natural rubber. Enhancing its cold resistance is critically important for overcoming geographical planting limitations and ensuring the long-term development of the rubber industry. In recent years, with significant advances in rubber tree whole-genome sequencing and multi-omics technologies, the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying its response to low-temperature stress have gradually entered a stage of systematic integration. Among these mechanisms, the cascade regulatory network constructed by transcription factors is emerging as a key breakthrough. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which transcription factors, including ICE, CBF, and AP2/ERF families, activate downstream cold-responsive genes through binding to cis-regulatory elements like MYC and DRE/CRT. It further clarifies the pivotal role of the ICE-CBF cascade signaling pathway in low-temperature signal transduction. Building on this, it integrates regulatory mechanisms of hormonal signaling pathways (abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, etc.) and epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation and histone modification, etc.), thereby gradually constructing a regulatory framework dominated by transcription factors and multi-dimensional synergy. Looking to the future, we should focus on enhancing the functional validation of other key transcription factors, conducting joint multi-omics analyses, and exploring non-coding RNA regulation, thereby providing theoretical support for the molecular design of cold-resistant germplasms in Hevea brasiliensis.

Key words: Hevea brasiliensis, cold tolerance, transcription factor, phytohormone, epigenetic regulation

刘妮, 李陈万里, 牛迎凤, 毛常丽, 柳觐. 橡胶树抗寒相关转录因子研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(11): 35-44.

LIU Ni, LI Chen-wan-li, NIU Ying-feng, MAO Chang-li, LIU Jin. Research Progress in Cold-resistant Transcription Factors of Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(11): 35-44.

图/表 2

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家族 Family	基因 Gene	表达模式 Expression pattern	功能验证方法 Functional validation method	已知/预测功能 Known/Predicted function	参考文献 References
bHLH	HbICE1	树皮中丰度最高；叶片中受低温（4-10 ℃）快速诱导；在耐寒品种中表达量更高	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）；酵母单杂交实验（与MYC序列结合）；酵母双杂交实验（与HbBIN2互作）	低温信号转导的上游正调控因子，激活CBF表达；介导BR信号与低温信号的互作网络	［18-19］
	HbICE2	受低温与ABA协同诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）；酵母单杂交（结合HbDREB1启动子）；酵母双杂交与BiFC（与HbJAZ1/HbJAZ12、HbSnRK2.6互作）	激活HbCBF1表达；介导ABA和JA信号与低温信号的互作网络	［19， 27， 44］
	HbICE3	在部分耐寒种质中受低温诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（效果不显著）；酵母单杂交（结合HbDREB1启动子）	激活HbDREB1表达；功能可能存在种质特异性	［19］
	HbICE4	在部分耐寒种质中受低温诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活HbDREB21表达	［19］
	HbICE5	品种间基础表达存在差异，对低温诱导不敏感	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	具有正向抗寒功能	［19］
EIN3/EIL	HbEIN3-1/2	乙烯通路诱导表达	橡胶树原生质体验证；酵母单杂；EMSA；双荧光素酶活检测；酵母双杂；BiFC；拟南芥异源表达（减弱抗寒性）	具有负向抗寒功能，与HbCBF1基因启动子结合和ICE2蛋白互作	［24］
AP2/ERF	HbCBF1	受HbICE诱导，低温下强烈上调表达	RT-qPCR；酵母单杂交/EMSA；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	核心调控枢纽，直接结合COR基因启动子DRE/CRT元件	［13， 22］
	HbCBF2	受低温诱导表达	RT-qPCR	推测为核心正调控因子	［22］
	HbCBF3	耐寒品种低温诱导表达更显著	RT-qPCR	正调控因子，其表达差异可能与品种抗性相关	［22］
	HbERF-IXc5	受低温、乙烯诱导	RT-qPCR；橡胶树愈伤组织过表达（增强对低温、干旱等多重非生物胁迫的抗性）	介导乙烯信号与胁迫信号的互作网络，正调控抗寒性	［36］
	HbERF1	受低温、干燥、激素诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活COR15α表达	［37］
	HbERF109	受生物和非生物胁迫诱导	酵母双杂交；BiFC（与HbSOD、HbAPX互作）	可能通过调节抗氧化防御系统，参与低温应答	［38］
WRKY	WRKY7	受低温诱导表达	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活COR15α表达	［39］
	WRKY11	受低温诱导表达	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活COR15α表达	［39］
HSF	HbHsfA4a	存在种质差异，耐寒品种低温诱导表达更显著	RT-qPCR	推测参与热激及低温胁迫调控	［41］
NAC	HbNAC11	受低温诱导上调表达	RT-qPCR；缺陷型酵母异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	推测为橡胶树低温应答的正向调控因子	［43］

家族 Family	基因 Gene	表达模式 Expression pattern	功能验证方法 Functional validation method	已知/预测功能 Known/Predicted function	参考文献 References
bHLH	HbICE1	树皮中丰度最高；叶片中受低温（4-10 ℃）快速诱导；在耐寒品种中表达量更高	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）；酵母单杂交实验（与MYC序列结合）；酵母双杂交实验（与HbBIN2互作）	低温信号转导的上游正调控因子，激活CBF表达；介导BR信号与低温信号的互作网络	［18-19］
	HbICE2	受低温与ABA协同诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）；酵母单杂交（结合HbDREB1启动子）；酵母双杂交与BiFC（与HbJAZ1/HbJAZ12、HbSnRK2.6互作）	激活HbCBF1表达；介导ABA和JA信号与低温信号的互作网络	［19， 27， 44］
	HbICE3	在部分耐寒种质中受低温诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（效果不显著）；酵母单杂交（结合HbDREB1启动子）	激活HbDREB1表达；功能可能存在种质特异性	［19］
	HbICE4	在部分耐寒种质中受低温诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活HbDREB21表达	［19］
	HbICE5	品种间基础表达存在差异，对低温诱导不敏感	RT-qPCR；拟南芥/烟草异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	具有正向抗寒功能	［19］
EIN3/EIL	HbEIN3-1/2	乙烯通路诱导表达	橡胶树原生质体验证；酵母单杂；EMSA；双荧光素酶活检测；酵母双杂；BiFC；拟南芥异源表达（减弱抗寒性）	具有负向抗寒功能，与HbCBF1基因启动子结合和ICE2蛋白互作	［24］
AP2/ERF	HbCBF1	受HbICE诱导，低温下强烈上调表达	RT-qPCR；酵母单杂交/EMSA；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	核心调控枢纽，直接结合COR基因启动子DRE/CRT元件	［13， 22］
	HbCBF2	受低温诱导表达	RT-qPCR	推测为核心正调控因子	［22］
	HbCBF3	耐寒品种低温诱导表达更显著	RT-qPCR	正调控因子，其表达差异可能与品种抗性相关	［22］
	HbERF-IXc5	受低温、乙烯诱导	RT-qPCR；橡胶树愈伤组织过表达（增强对低温、干旱等多重非生物胁迫的抗性）	介导乙烯信号与胁迫信号的互作网络，正调控抗寒性	［36］
	HbERF1	受低温、干燥、激素诱导	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活COR15α表达	［37］
	HbERF109	受生物和非生物胁迫诱导	酵母双杂交；BiFC（与HbSOD、HbAPX互作）	可能通过调节抗氧化防御系统，参与低温应答	［38］
WRKY	WRKY7	受低温诱导表达	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活COR15α表达	［39］
	WRKY11	受低温诱导表达	RT-qPCR；拟南芥异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	激活COR15α表达	［39］
HSF	HbHsfA4a	存在种质差异，耐寒品种低温诱导表达更显著	RT-qPCR	推测参与热激及低温胁迫调控	［41］
NAC	HbNAC11	受低温诱导上调表达	RT-qPCR；缺陷型酵母异源过表达（增强抗寒性）	推测为橡胶树低温应答的正向调控因子	［43］