寄主对大豆孢囊线虫抗性相关基因功能研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0627

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大豆在我国国民经济中扮演着重要角色,目前我国是全球最大的大豆消费国、进口国,且进口大豆数量逐年递增。大豆孢囊线虫病是威胁全球主要大豆产地的重要病害,每年全球范围内造成超过数十亿美元经济损失,防控形势严峻。抗性品种的种植是防控大豆孢囊线虫病最经济有效的措施。然而,单一抗性品种的过度使用及大豆孢囊线虫生理小种不断演化,导致抗性降低,威胁大豆产业安全。随着生物技术的发展,大豆孢囊线虫抗性机制研究不断深入,在遗传学、转录组学、蛋白功能等相关方面的研究取得了长足进展。本文综述了已知的大豆主要抗性位点（Rhg1和Rhg4）的抗性机制及囊泡运输、植物激素通路与大豆孢囊线虫抗性产生的关系,讨论了相关功能蛋白对大豆抗性的意义以及研究方向上可能存在的问题,最后展望了该领域的后续研究。相关的研究将有利于充分发掘大豆优良抗性基因,为抗大豆孢囊线虫转基因大豆新种质创制奠定理论基础,服务于我国大豆产业的长久安全发展。

关键词: 大豆孢囊线虫, 抗性机制, 植物激素, Rhg1, Rhg4, 线虫与寄主互作

Abstract:

Soybean plays an essential role in China’s economy. China is currently the largest soybean consumer and importer in the world,and the number of imported soybeans is increasing year by year. Soybean cyst nematode disease is a significant disease threatening major soybean producing areas globally,causing more than one billion US dollars in economic losses worldwide every year. The control of this pathogen is challenging. The use of resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measures to control soybean cyst nematode disease. At present,with the excessive use of a single resistant variety,the races of soybean cyst nematode continue to evolve,leading to reduced resistance and threatening the safety of the soybean industry. With the development of modern biotechnology,many researchers have elucidated the resistances to soybean cyst nematode by means of genetics,transcriptomics,and protein function studies. This review,summarizes the resistance mechanism of known major resistant sites Rhg1and Rhg4 in soybean,as well as the relationship between vlicular transport,phytohormone pathway and the resistance to soybean cyst nematode,discusses the significance of related functional proteins for soybean resistance and possible issues in the future research direction,and prospects the further reaches in this field. This is conducive to fully exploring the potential resistance genes of soybeans,laying a theoretical foundation for the creation of new soybean germplasms resistant to soybean cyst nematode,and serving the safe development of China’s soybean industry.

Key words: soybean cyst nematode, resistance mechanism, phytohormones, Rhg1, Rhg4, interaction between plant parasitic nematode and host

韩少杰, 郑经武. 寄主对大豆孢囊线虫抗性相关基因功能研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(7): 14-24.

HAN Shao-jie, ZHENG Jing-wu. Research Advances on the Functional Study of Host Resistance Genes to Heterodera glycines[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(7): 14-24.

图/表 1

图1 已知SCN相关QTLs在大豆基因组图谱中的分布示意图 SCN抗性相关QTLs在大豆20条染色体中（Chr.1-Chr.20）中的相对位置、相对长度由红色线段表示。通过GWAS发现的QTLs标注在左侧,通过分离群体研究所发现的QTLs标注于右侧。相关信息整理自SoyBase（https://www.soybase.org）

Fig. 1 Distribution diagram of known SCN-related QTLs in soybean genetic map The relative positions and relative lengths of SCN-related QTLs in the 20 chromosomes of soybean（Chr.1-Chr.20）are indicated by the red line segment. QTLs by GWAS are labeled on the left,and QTLs by separated population are labeled on the right. Relevant data are colleted from SoyBase（https://www.soybase.org）

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