不同水分管理栽培方式对山栏稻根际土壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0884

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 山栏稻的栽培方式单一，传统刀耕火种的种植手段破坏环境，水作是山栏稻栽培的新模式。研究山栏稻在大田水作环境下根际微生物的变化情况。【方法】 设置正常灌溉和干旱管理的山栏稻栽培处理，分别对山栏稻根际土壤细菌群落进行16S rRNA基因扩增序列测定，测序数据结合土壤理化性质进行综合分析。【结果】 栽培方式的改变明显影响了根际细菌群落的组成。正常灌溉处理的Nitrosprota和Proteobacteria相对丰度低于干旱管理，Firmicutes的相对丰度高于干旱管理。相对丰度前10的细菌门群落与土壤理化性质具有相关性。相关性网络分析显示，正常灌溉处理中更多的细菌群落具有相互作用，正常灌溉处理拥有更复杂的细菌网络。【结论】 不同水分管理栽培方式的山栏稻根际细菌群落组成发生显著变化，Nitrospirota、Proteobacteria细菌类群可能通过促进水稻根部吸收氮素来增强山栏稻抗逆性。正常灌溉处理中更多细菌群落相互作用，增强了生态系统的稳定性。

关键词: 山栏稻, 栽培方式, 根际微生物, 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The cultivation way of Shanlan upland rice is single, and the traditional slash and burn cultivation method damages the environment. Cultivation in water can be a new way for Shanlan upland rice. This work is to explore the changes in rhizosphere microorganisms of Shanlan upland rice under water cultivation environment in large fields. 【Method】 The cultivation treatment of Shanlan upland rice was set up with normal irrigation and drying management, and 16S rRNA gene amplification sequencing was performed on the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of Shanlan upland rice. The sequencing data was combined with soil physicochemical properties for comprehensive analysis. 【Result】 The changes in cultivation methods have significantly affected the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities. In particular, the relative abundance of Nitrosprota and Proteobacteria in the normal irrigation is lower than that in the drying management, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes is higher than that in drying management. The top 10 bacterial communities with relative abundance are correlated with soil environmental factors. The correlation network analysis shows that more bacterial communities interact in normal irrigation, and there is a more complex bacterial network under normal irrigation. 【Conclusion】 Significant changes in bacterial community composition occure in the rhizosphere of Shanlan upland rice under different water management cultivation methods. The bacteria groups of Nitrospirota and Proteobacteria may improve the stress resistance of Shanlan upland rice by promoting nitrogen uptake at the root of rice. In normal irrigation, more bacterial community interactions enhance the stability of the ecosystem.

Key words: Shanlan upland rice, cultivation methods, rhizosphere microorganisms, soil physicochemical properties

刘佳宁, 李梦, 杨新森, 吴伟, 裴新梧, 袁潜华. 不同水分管理栽培方式对山栏稻根际土壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(3): 242-250.

LIU Jia-ning, LI Meng, YANG Xin-sen, WU Wei, PEI Xin-wu, YUAN Qian-hua. Impact of Different Water Management Cultivation Methods on the Rhizosphere Bacteria Community of Shanlan Upland Rice[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(3): 242-250.

图/表 10

图1 不同水分管理处理对根际土壤细菌群落门水平相对丰度的影响横坐标为处理，H为干旱管理处理，S为正常灌溉处理；纵坐标为相对丰度百分比。不同颜色表示不同细菌门群落；堆叠柱为门水平相对丰度Top10的分类群

Fig. 1 Effect of irrigated and drying treatment on the relative abundance of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil at phylum level The abscissa refers to treatment, H to drying management treatment, and S to normal irrigation treatment. The ordinate is the relative abundance percentage. Different colors indicate different bacterial phyla. The stacked column is a taxon with a relative abundance of top 10 at the phylum level

图2 不同水分管理处理的Alpha多样性指数差异箱线图横坐标为分组名称，H为干旱管理处理，S为正常灌溉处理，纵坐标为相应的指数值；箱的上下端线分别表示样本上下四分位数（IQR）；中位线表示样本中位数；上下边缘表示样本最大最小内围值（1.5倍的IQR）；位于上下边缘的外侧的点代表异常值；柱子间的连线上的数字为t检验的P值

Fig. 2 Box graph of differences in alpha diversity index between irrigated and drying treatment groups The abscissa refers to the grouping name, H to drying management treatment, S to normal irrigation treatment, and the ordinate refers to the value of alpha diversity index. The upper and lower sides of the box: the upper quartile and the lower quartile（IQR）; middle line: the median of the sample; upper and lower margins: maximum and minimum inner circumference（IQR×1.5）. The outer points of the edges indicate abnormal values. The number on the line between the two columns is the P-value of the t-test represent outliers

图3 PcoA分析图中每个点代表一个样品；蓝色点代表干旱管理处理、橙色点代表正常灌溉处理；椭圆形圈表示其为95%置信区间；横坐标PC1代表第一主成分，百分比代表第一主成分对样品差异的贡献度；纵坐标PC2代表第二主成分；百分比代表第二主成分对样品差异的贡献度

Fig. 3 PcoA analysis Each point in the figure indicates a sample. The blue dot represents drying management treatment, and the orange dot represents normal irrigation treatment. An elliptical circle indicates that it is a 95% confidence interval. The abscissa PC1 is the first principal component, and the percentage is the contribution rate of the first principal component to the sample difference. The ordinate PC2 is the second principal component. Percentage is the contribution rate of the second principal component to the sample difference

图4 PERMANOVA分析箱型图 A:处理；B:品种。纵坐标代表Bray-Curtis距离；“All between *”上方的箱图代表全部组间样品Beta距离数据；后面的箱型图分别是干旱管理处理和正常灌溉处理的组内样品间的Beta距离数据；H代表干旱管理处理，S代表正常灌溉处理；R2表示对样品差异的解释度

Fig. 4 PERMANOVA analysis box diagram A: Treatment; B: variety. The ordinate indicates the Bray-Curtis distance. The box diagram above “All between *” indicates the beta distance data of all inter group samples. The box chart below shows the beta distance data between samples in the group treated with drying management and normal irrigation, respectively. H refers to drying management treatment, and S to normal irrigation treatment. R2 is the degree of explanation for sample differences

图5 物种进化树的样本群落分布图右上角图例为门水平物种名称,内圈为物种进化树，内圈物种中同一个门显示同一个颜色；外圈表示该物种在不同处理中的相对丰度占比，H：干旱管理处理，S：正常灌溉处理

Fig. 5 Sample community distribution map of species evolution tree The legend in the upper right corner shows the names of species at the phylum level, the inner circle shows the evolutionary tree of species, and the same phylum in the inner circle is in the same color. The outer circle indicates the relative abundance proportion of this species in different treatments. H: Drying management. S: Normal irrigation.

表1 不同水分管理栽培处理显著差异的细菌门群落

Table 1 Bacterial phylum communities with significant differences in different water management cultivation treatments

细菌门 Bacterial phylum	相对丰度Relative abundance		P
细菌门 Bacterial phylum	正常灌溉 Normal irrigation	干旱管理 Drought management	P
Acidobacteriota	0.091 4	0.075 5	<0.01
Armatimonadota	0.003 4	0.001 6	<0.01
Bdellovibrionota	0.006 3	0.011 3	<0.01
Sumerlaeota	0.001 3	0.002 2	<0.01
Planctomycetota	0.016 8	0.032 5	<0.01
Dadabacteria	0.003 3	0.009 1	<0.01
Dependentiae	0.004 0	0.007 9	<0.01
Entotheonellaeota	0.000 1	0.000 4	<0.01
Fibrobacterota	0.002 7	0.001 4	<0.01
Patescibacteria	0.014 2	0.030 2	<0.01
Nitrospirota	0.069 1	0.098 9	<0.01
Myxococcota	0.063 3	0.045 1	<0.01
Methylomirabilota	0.005 8	0.008 8	<0.01
Gemmatimonadota	0.012 2	0.007 9	<0.01
Verrucomicrobiota	0.046 8	0.037 5	<0.01
Calditrichota	0.000 6	0.001 5	<0.01
Firmicutes	0.140 5	0.107 7	<0.01
Proteobacteria	0.157 5	0.178 6	<0.01
Hydrogenedentes	0.000 6	0.000 9	0.02

表2 不同水分管理栽培处理土壤环境因子的差异

Table 2 Differences in soil environmental factors under different water management cultivation treatments

环境因子 Environmental factor	正常灌溉 Normal irrigation	干旱管理 Drought management	P
有效钾/（mg·kg^-1）	69.99 ± 0.81	68.12±0.54	0.030
有效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	3.26 ± 0.08	4.81±0.11	<0.001
有机质/（g·kg^-1）	11.85±0.19	23.30±0.03	<0.001
碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	63.23±1.69	117.75±1.68	<0.001
全氮/（g·kg^-1）	0.80±0.02	1.46±0.04	<0.001
pH	8.61±0.10	8.20±.030	0.003

图6 环境因子与相对丰度前十的细菌门群落的相关性热图横坐标为各环境因子；AK（有效钾）、pH、AP（有效磷）、OM（有机质）、AN（碱解氮）、TN（全氮）；纵坐标为相对丰度前十的细菌门群落；红色表示正相关，蓝色表示负相关；颜色深浅代表相关性大小；显著性以*表示,*表示P值小于0.05，**表示P值小于0.01，***表示P值小于0.001

Fig. 6 Heat map of correlation between environmental factors and the top ten bacterial communities with relative abundance The abscissa refers to various environmental factors; AK（available potassium）, pH, AP（available phosphorus）, OM（organic matter）, AN（alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen）, TN（total nitrogen）.The vertical coordinate is the top ten bacterial communities with relative abundance. Red indicates positive correlation. Blue indicates negative correlation. The color depth indicates the correlation size. The significance is indicated by *，* indicates that the P-value < 0.05, ** indicates that the P-value <0.01, and *** indicates that the P-value <0.001

表3 不同水分管理栽培处理相关性网络属性

Table 3 Network attributes of different water management cultivation treatment

处理 Treatment	节点数 Number of nodes	边数 Number of edges	正相关边数Number of positive correlation edges	负相关边数Number of negative correlation edges	聚类系数Clustering coefficient	模块性 Modularity
干旱管理	36	100	47	53	0.498	0.292
正常灌溉	50	100	49	51	0.403	0.444

图7 属水平各物种网络图 A：干旱管理；B：正常灌溉。圆球代表细菌属；圆球的颜色代表细菌门；圆球的大小代表细菌属平均丰度的大小；连线表示2个细菌属相关；连线的粗细表示相关性的强弱；连线的颜色中，红色表示正相关，绿色表示负相关

Fig. 7 Network Diagram of various species at the genus level A: Drought management; B: normal irrigation. The sphere indicates the bacterial genus. The color of the sphere indicates the bacterial phylum. The size of the sphere indicates the average abundance of the bacterial genus. The line indicates that two bacterial genera are related. The thickness of the line indicates the strength of the correlation. Color of the connecting line: Red indicates positive correlation; green indicates negative correlation

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