植物类胡萝卜素生物代谢途径及其功能研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

类胡萝卜素（carotenoids）是一类在动物、植物和微生物中广泛存在的重要次生代谢物质，由链状或环状的亲脂性类异戊二烯构成，主要包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素等。植物类胡萝卜素作为天然色素，对于植物观赏品质的形成具有重要作用。同时，它也是植物光合辅助色素，可以帮助植物吸收太阳光能并转化为化学能，从而维持植物正常生长发育。此外，类胡萝卜素还是合成维生素A的前体，对人类营养健康有重要意义。植物类胡萝卜素生物代谢途径包含前体合成途径、类胡萝卜素合成途径和类胡萝卜素降解途径，对其中关键基因的功能解析有助于进一步理解植物类胡萝卜素代谢调控机制。本文全面梳理了植物类胡萝卜素生物代谢途径，系统总结了植物类胡萝卜素生物学功能的研究进展，特别是在植物光保护、园艺和农艺性状改良、抵抗非生物胁迫和参与植物激素信号调控中的重要功能。该综述为深入探究植物类胡萝卜素功能及其生物代谢调控机制提供理论基础，为加速分子设计育种提供了有价值的资源。

关键词: 类胡萝卜素, 生物代谢途径, 基因功能, 非生物胁迫, 调控机制

Abstract:

Carotenoids are a group of lipophilic isoprenoid metabolites, which are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. It is demonstrated that α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein are the main components of carotenoids. In addition to influencing the ornamental quality of plants as natural pigments, carotenoids play a crucial function in photosynthesis. Moreover, they are also critically important for humans as precursors of vitamin A synthesis. The carotenoid metabolic pathway, including the precursor synthesis pathway, the biosynthesis and degradation pathway, is well established and has been widely explored in plants. With the intensive studies of carotenoid metabolism, the key genes and their functions have been identified, facilitating a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant carotenoid metabolism. This review focuses on the carotenoid metabolic pathway, with emphasis on recent progresses in biological functions of carotenoids, particularly in photoprotection, the agricultural and horticultural application, the resistance to abiotic stresses, and the regulation of plant hormone signaling. This review will offer a valuable information for the elucidation of carotenoids metabolism and facilitating selective molecular breeding.

Key words: carotenoids, biological metabolic pathway, gene function, abiotic stress, regulatory mechanisms

刘源, 赵冉, 卢振芳, 李瑞丽. 植物类胡萝卜素生物代谢途径及其功能研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(5): 23-31.

LIU Yuan, ZHAO Ran, LU Zhen-fang, LI Rui-li. Research Progress in the Biological Metabolic Pathway and Functions of Plant Carotenoids[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(5): 23-31.

图/表 2

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基因 Gene	物种 Scientific name	功能 Function	调控因子 Regulation factor	参考文献 Reference
DXR	柑橘 Citrus spp.	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受HB5-ZIP44正调控；受ABA水平影响	［58］
GGPPS	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	提升光合效率		［8］
	柑橘 Citrus spp.	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受HB5-ZIP44正调控；受ABA水平影响	［58］
PSY	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	抵抗光照损伤；提升耐热性；延迟种子萌发	受OR蛋白家族翻译后修饰；受ABA调控	［22， 57］
	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	提升类胡萝卜素含量；抵抗干旱胁迫	受FBN蛋白翻译后修饰；受DREB-1BL1正调控	［2， 52］
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	调控花色变化；调控果实颜色		［29， 35］
	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	增加辣椒素水平；促进辣椒成熟；调控果实颜色	受DIVARICATA1正调控；受ABA调控	［43］
	葡萄 Vitis vinifera	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受PIF负调控	［30］
	棉花 Gossypium hirsutum	调控叶片颜色变化		［5］
	油菜 Brassica oleracea	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受BZR1.1正调控	［60］
	鸢尾 Iris germanica	调控花色变化		［18］
	兰花 Oncidium Gower Ramsey	调控花色变化		［34， 62］
	猕猴桃 Actinidia deliciosa	抵抗盐胁迫	受DcAL4/7正调控	［51］
	禾本科植物 Poaceae	提升类胡萝卜素含量；抵抗盐胁迫；抵抗干旱胁迫	受ABA调控	［50］
PDS	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	调控果实颜色		［36］
	柑橘 Citrus spp.	调控果实颜色	受TT8正调控	［45］
LCYE	芹菜 Apium graveolens	抵抗盐胁迫		［15］
LCYB	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	抵抗非生物胁迫		［53］
	山茶 Camellia sinensis	调控香气变化		［48］
	番薯 Ipomoea batatas	抵抗盐胁迫；抵抗干旱胁迫；抵抗氧化胁迫		［54］
BCH	柑橘 Citrus spp.	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受HB5-ZIP44正调控；受ABA水平影响	［58］
CCD	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	调控果实颜色		［38-39］
	百日草 Zinnia elegans	调控花色变化		［33］
	水稻 Oryza sativa	调控水稻分檗		［40］
	藏红花 Crocus sativus	调控香气变化		［47］
	枸杞 Lycium barbarum	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受ERF调控	［61］

基因 Gene	物种 Scientific name	功能 Function	调控因子 Regulation factor	参考文献 Reference
DXR	柑橘 Citrus spp.	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受HB5-ZIP44正调控；受ABA水平影响	［58］
GGPPS	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	提升光合效率		［8］
	柑橘 Citrus spp.	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受HB5-ZIP44正调控；受ABA水平影响	［58］
PSY	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	抵抗光照损伤；提升耐热性；延迟种子萌发	受OR蛋白家族翻译后修饰；受ABA调控	［22， 57］
	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	提升类胡萝卜素含量；抵抗干旱胁迫	受FBN蛋白翻译后修饰；受DREB-1BL1正调控	［2， 52］
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	调控花色变化；调控果实颜色		［29， 35］
	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	增加辣椒素水平；促进辣椒成熟；调控果实颜色	受DIVARICATA1正调控；受ABA调控	［43］
	葡萄 Vitis vinifera	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受PIF负调控	［30］
	棉花 Gossypium hirsutum	调控叶片颜色变化		［5］
	油菜 Brassica oleracea	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受BZR1.1正调控	［60］
	鸢尾 Iris germanica	调控花色变化		［18］
	兰花 Oncidium Gower Ramsey	调控花色变化		［34， 62］
	猕猴桃 Actinidia deliciosa	抵抗盐胁迫	受DcAL4/7正调控	［51］
	禾本科植物 Poaceae	提升类胡萝卜素含量；抵抗盐胁迫；抵抗干旱胁迫	受ABA调控	［50］
PDS	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	调控果实颜色		［36］
	柑橘 Citrus spp.	调控果实颜色	受TT8正调控	［45］
LCYE	芹菜 Apium graveolens	抵抗盐胁迫		［15］
LCYB	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	抵抗非生物胁迫		［53］
	山茶 Camellia sinensis	调控香气变化		［48］
	番薯 Ipomoea batatas	抵抗盐胁迫；抵抗干旱胁迫；抵抗氧化胁迫		［54］
BCH	柑橘 Citrus spp.	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受HB5-ZIP44正调控；受ABA水平影响	［58］
CCD	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	调控果实颜色		［38-39］
	百日草 Zinnia elegans	调控花色变化		［33］
	水稻 Oryza sativa	调控水稻分檗		［40］
	藏红花 Crocus sativus	调控香气变化		［47］
	枸杞 Lycium barbarum	提升类胡萝卜素含量	受ERF调控	［61］

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