合成微生物组在农田土壤健康调控中的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球耕地退化与粮食需求持续增长之间的矛盾日益突出，农田土壤健康已成为保障粮食安全与农业可持续发展的关键因素。根际微生物通过驱动养分循环、维持土壤结构稳定及增强作物抗逆能力，在农田土壤健康调控中发挥重要作用。近年来，合成微生物组（synthetic microbiome）作为一种可控的微生物群落工程策略，为定向调控根际微生物功能提供了新的研究思路。本文围绕农田土壤健康调控中的关键根际互作过程，梳理植物与微生物在养分循环、环境胁迫响应及病害抑制等方面的作用。系统总结构建合成微生物组的工程路径，包括功能模块筛选和组合、群落协同设计和田间稳定性调控等关键环节。在此基础上，归纳其在农业生产中的应用研究，重点讨论合成微生物组在提高养分利用效率、缓解退化土壤胁迫、修复污染土壤以及病害防控方面的作用。进一步分析其在实际应用中面临的田间适应性不足、生态风险评估体系不完善、规模化应用成本较高及评价标准缺乏等问题，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，旨在为合成微生物组在农田土壤健康调控中的理论研究与实践应用提供依据。

关键词: 合成微生物组, 农田土壤健康, 根际微生物, 根际互作, 田间应用

Abstract:

The growing tension between global cropland degradation and rising food demand has made agricultural soil health a central determinant of food security and agricultural sustainability. Rhizosphere microorganisms play key roles in this context by driving nutrient cycling, maintaining soil structure, and enhancing crop stress tolerance. In recent years, synthetic microbiomes have emerged as a controllable strategy for engineering microbial communities to achieve targeted regulation of rhizosphere functions. This review focuses on key rhizosphere interaction processes that underpin soil health in agricultural systems, highlighting how plant-microbe interactions and microbial community dynamics contribute to nutrient cycling, environmental stress responses, and disease suppression. We then summarize current approaches for constructing synthetic microbiomes, including functional strain selection and assembly, community synergistic design, and strategies to enhance persistence under field conditions. Building on this framework, we examine their applications in agriculture, with emphasis on improving nutrient use efficiency, mitigating soil degradation, remediating contaminated soils, and controlling plant diseases. We further discuss major barriers to field implementation, including limited environmental adaptability, insufficient ecological risk assessment, high application costs, and the lack of standardized evaluation systems. Addressing these challenges will be essential for advancing the practical deployment of synthetic microbiomes. This review provides a foundation for both mechanistic understanding and field application of synthetic microbiomes in soil health management.

Key words: synthetic microbiome, agricultural soil health, rhizosphere microbiome, rhizosphere interactions, field application

张理, 李凯旋, 马志远, 姜美彤, 张佳宝, 梁玉婷. 合成微生物组在农田土壤健康调控中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(5): 16-26.

ZHANG Li, LI Kai-xuan, MA Zhi-yuan, JIANG Mei-tong, ZHANG Jia-bao, LIANG Yu-ting. Research Progress of Synthetic Microbiome in the Regulation of Agricultural Soil Health[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 16-26.

图/表 2

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