Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Host Adaptive Immunity

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0497

Abstract

Abstract:

The intestinal microbiota coevolves with the host, forming an inseparable host-microbe symbiosis. These symbiotic microbes play an important role in the host immune system by participating in the development and maintenance of adaptive immunity. The adaptive immune system maintains the body's homeostasis through B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell-mediated cellular immunity. Intestinal microbiota can directly regulate the differentiation and activation of B and T cells, thus protecting the host from pathogen infections. This article reviews the regulatory effects of intestinal microorganisms on host early immune system development, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for studying the regulatory effect of “microbe-host interaction” on host adaptive immunity.

Key words: intestinal microbiota, adaptive immunity, cellular immunity, humoral immunity

LIU Yan, SUN Jing, GE Liang-peng, MA Ji-deng, ZHANG Jin-wei. Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Host Adaptive Immunity[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(1): 113-126.

Figures/Tables 2

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肠道微生物 Intestinal microbiota	实验对象 Subject	影响方式 Effects
双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）TMC3115	小鼠	促进新生小鼠肠道上皮的发育，可改善抗生素损伤的脾脏指数^[61]
短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis strain）1E1	仔猪	回肠隐窝深度较大，在空肠表达CD2、CD4和MHC-II的白细胞数量较低，影响肠道结构和免疫系统发育^[62]
副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei, Lp）DN-114001	小鼠	影响后代微生物菌群的发育，调节参与先天性和获得性免疫的两个重要免疫细胞群（巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）^[63]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	小鼠	促进肠功能成熟，包括肠上皮细胞增殖、分化以及早期IgA生成^[64]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	仔猪	促进断奶仔猪肠道T淋巴细胞的增殖^[65]
	仔猪	促进仔猪固有的早期B谱系发育和IgA产生^[66]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D8	小鼠	保护肠道屏障并激活肠上皮细胞增殖，促进肠道类器官的生长发育，恢复肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）引起的肠上皮结构损伤^[67]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D3	仔猪	促进新生仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的发育，维持肠道黏膜屏障^[68]

肠道微生物 Intestinal microbiota	实验对象 Subject	影响方式 Effects
双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）TMC3115	小鼠	促进新生小鼠肠道上皮的发育，可改善抗生素损伤的脾脏指数^[61]
短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis strain）1E1	仔猪	回肠隐窝深度较大，在空肠表达CD2、CD4和MHC-II的白细胞数量较低，影响肠道结构和免疫系统发育^[62]
副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei, Lp）DN-114001	小鼠	影响后代微生物菌群的发育，调节参与先天性和获得性免疫的两个重要免疫细胞群（巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）^[63]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	小鼠	促进肠功能成熟，包括肠上皮细胞增殖、分化以及早期IgA生成^[64]
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）	仔猪	促进断奶仔猪肠道T淋巴细胞的增殖^[65]
	仔猪	促进仔猪固有的早期B谱系发育和IgA产生^[66]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D8	小鼠	保护肠道屏障并激活肠上皮细胞增殖，促进肠道类器官的生长发育，恢复肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）引起的肠上皮结构损伤^[67]
罗伊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus reuteri）D3	仔猪	促进新生仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的发育，维持肠道黏膜屏障^[68]