Paenibacillus polymyxa New Strain X-11 and Its Growth-promoting Effects on Tomato and Rice

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0253

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】A plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium strain（named X-11）was screened from rhizosphere soil of wheat（Triticum aestivum L）. Which may provide a basis for the application of the strain in plant growth-promoting.【Method】Strain X-11 was identified by morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence and genome sequencing, and its effects on the growth and defense enzyme activities of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）and rice（Oryza sativa）were measured. 【Result】The colonies of strain X-11 are round, swell, neat edge, translucent, and sticky. And the cells are rod-shaped, can form spores, gram negative reaction. And it has the functions of fixing nitrogen, reducing nitrate, producing indole and siderophore, degrading organic phosphorus. Strain X-11 was classified as Paenibacillus polymyxa group based on 16S rDNA sequence, while it was revealed to be a new strain with 55.7% genetic similarity to its closest relative strain through gene comparison in non-redundant database. Tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）seeds soaked with X-11 bacterial suspension increased germination rate and radicle length significantly. Moreover, peroxidase（POD）activity in the leaves significantly increased by X-11 bacterial suspension irrigating roots（R）and irrigating roots combined with spraying leaf surface（R+L）. Meanwhile, the R+L treatment increased superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity by 34.58%. X-11 bacterial suspension increased the seedling root length by 6.8% when applied at one-leaf phase of rice（Oryza sativa）. Additionally, the SOD activity of the seedlings increased by 90.4% and 51.8%, when the X-11 bacterial suspension was applied at vertical phase or one-leaf phase of rice. 【Conclusion】 Strain X-11 was identified as a new strain of P. polymyxa, which is the effective plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium with multiple functions and has potential for development and application in plant growth promotion.

Key words: Paenibacillus polymyxa, plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium, tomato, rice

LIU Wen-zhi, HE Dan, LI Peng, FU Ying-lin, ZHANG Yi-xin, WEN Hua-jie, YU Wen-qing. Paenibacillus polymyxa New Strain X-11 and Its Growth-promoting Effects on Tomato and Rice[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(9): 249-259.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Morphology of P. polymyxa X-11 colony on plate and cell morphology under microscope A and B, C and D, E and F, G and H, refer to the colony morphology of X-11 strain on the Ashby’s nitrogen-free medium, silicate bacteria medium, potato dextrose medium, potato sucrose medium agar plate, respectively. I and J refer to the morphology of X-11 cell under the microscope after 24-h and 48-h cultivation in complex broth

Table 1 Results of physiological and biochemical characteristics and glycolysis test of P. polymyxa X-11

生理生化反应 Physiological and biochemical reaction	测定结果 Determination result	糖酵解反应 Glycolysis reaction	测定结果 Determination result
生理生化反应 Physiological and biochemical reaction	测定结果 Determination result	糖酵解反应 Glycolysis reaction	产酸Acid production	产气Aerogenesis
柠檬酸盐利用 Citrate utilization	＋	葡萄糖Glucose	＋	＋
酪素水解 Casein hydrolysis	＋	蔗糖 Sucrose	＋	＋
淀粉水解 Starch hydrolysis	＋	甘露醇 Mannitol	＋	＋
油脂水解 Lipid hydrolysis	＋	乳糖 Lactose	＋	＋
明胶水解 Gelatin hydrolysis	＋	山梨醇 Sorbitol	＋	＋
V-P反应 The V-P reaction	＋	阿拉伯糖 Arabinose	＋	＋
硝酸盐还原 Nitrate reduction	＋	水杨苷 Salicin	＋	＋
甲基红变色 Methyl red color	-	昆布多糖Laminarin	＋	＋
吲哚试验 Indole test	＋	木聚糖Xylan	＋	-
氧化酶活性 Oxidase activity	＋	木糖 Xylose	-	＋
接触酶活性 Contactase activity	＋	肌醇 Inositol	-	-
酪氨酸水解 Tyrosine hydrolysis	＋	侧金盏醇 Lateral calendula alcohol	-	-
石蕊牛奶变色 Litmus milk discoloration	＋	甘油 Glycerin	-	-
过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity	-

Fig. 2 Evolutionary tree of P. polymyxa X-11 based on 16S rDNA（A）, and pie diagram of gene distribution of P. polymyxa X-11 and relative strains based on non-redundant protein sequence database（B） In the evolutionary tree（A）, the 16S rDNA entry code of the NCBI GenBank was followed by strain name, the number at the branch is the identification rate of the two adjacent strains. The numbers in the pie diagram（B）indicate the number of matches to each strain in the X-11 genes annotated in the non-redundant protein database

Fig. 3 Germination rate of tomato seeds under different concentrations of P. polymyxa X-11 suspension A: ‘Fenguan’ variety. B: ‘Jinpeng No. 1’ variety. Different lower letters on the column indicate difference among treatments are significantly（P<0.05）. The same below

Fig. 4 Radicle length of tomato treated with different concentrations of P. polymyxa X-11 A-I are the ‘Fenguan’ variety, J-R are the ‘Jinpeng No. 1’ variety; B-I and K-R are the seed radicle length of 1, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 1 000 times dilution of X-11 bacterial suspension, and blank control（0）, respectively

Fig. 5 Defense enzyme activities of tomato leaves under different treating methods of P. polymyxa X-11 and carbendazim The horizontal coordinate R, L, R+L and Con refers to foliar spraying, root irrigation, root irrigation combined foliar spraying, and control respectively. Legend CA and X-11 refers to carbendazim and P. polymyxa X-11, respectively. Different lowercase letters on the column indicate difference among treatment methods is significantly, and different uppercase letters indicate the difference between CA and X-11 under the same treatment is significant (P<0.05)

Fig. 6 Rice shoot length（A）and root length（B）at different application periods of Paenibacillus polymyxa X-11 The horizontal coordinates V, 1, 2 and Con represent the vertical needle phase, the one-leaf phase, the two-leaves phase and control, respectively. The same below

Fig. 7 Rice defense enzyme activities at different application periods of P. polymyxa X-11 bacterial suspension

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