Xenia Effects in Late-maturing Citrus and Identification Using SCoT Molecular Markers

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0998

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the xenia effects on fruit traits in late-maturing citrus and to efficiently identify true hybrids using SCoT molecular markers, thereby providing a theoretical basis and high-quality germplasm resources for breeding new late-maturing citrus varieties with desirable maturity and improved fruit quality. Method Twelve hybrid combinations were constructed using ‘Kiyomi tangor’, ‘Ehime Kashi 38’, and ‘Orah’ as female parents crossed with nine male parents. Fruit set rate, seedling rate, and fruit traits including single fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters, fruit shape index, and soluble solids content (TSS) were measured to evaluate xenia effects. SCoT molecular markers were employed for hybrid authenticity identification and genetic diversity analysis of the progeny. Result The total fruit set rates for ‘Kiyomi tangor’, ‘Ehime Kashi 38’, and ‘Orah’ as female parents were 19.78%, 12.31%, and 5.4%, respectively. Significant xenia effects were observed on fruit traits with different male parents. Pollination with ‘Tarocco’ most significantly increased single fruit weight and TSS in ‘Kiyomi tangor’ fruits. SCoT analysis identified 891 true hybrids from nine cross combinations, with an average hybridity rate of 99.78%. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the polymorphism ratio among hybrid progenies ranged from 42.11% to 94.59%, with the ‘Kiyomi tangor’ × ‘Asumi’ combination showing the highest genetic diversity. Conclusion Xenia effects show significant parental dependency. ‘Asumi’, ‘Hongyun Xianggan’ and ‘Huangguogan’ are identified as the optimal male parents for ‘Kiyomi tangor’, ‘Ehime Kashi 38’, and ‘Orah’, respectively. The hybrid progenies possess high genetic diversity, primarily attributes to parental genetic background differences and gene recombination during hybridization. The novel hybrid germplasm created in this study provides core breeding materials for late-maturing citrus improvement, and SCoT molecular markers proved to be an efficient tool for hybrid identification.

Key words: citrus, xenia effect, SCoT molecular marker, hybrid identification, hybrid breeding, genetic diversity

LIU Jia-huan, CAO De-fa, YU Wen-yao, DENG Hong-hong, TAN Lun-dong, GUO Hai, HUANG Guang-hui, WANG Jun, WANG Xun, WANG Zhi-hui. Xenia Effects in Late-maturing Citrus and Identification Using SCoT Molecular Markers[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(6): 227-236.

Figures/Tables 6

References 44

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母本 Female parent	父本 Male parents	授粉数 Numbe of pollination	坐果数 Number of fruits	坐果率 Fruit-set rate （%）	播种数 Number of seeds	成苗数 Seedlings number	成苗率 Survival rate （%）
清见 Kiyomi tangor	塔罗科 Tarocco	99	3	3.03	0	0	0.00
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	102	18	17.65	380	293	77.11
	媛红椪柑 Himeruby	96	30	31.25	354	316	89.27
	明日见 Asumi	72	22	30.56	316	199	62.97
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	明日见 Asumi	74	9	12.16	51	10	19.61
	甘平 Kanpei	74	8	10.81	0	0	0.00
	美国糖橘 American sugar tangerine	48	9	18.75	49	8	16.33
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	64	6	9.38	23	0	0.00
沃柑 Orah	大雅 Daya	129	9	6.98	58	3	5.17
	濑户见 Setomi	167	9	5.39	38	4	10.53
	爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	86	2	2.33	36	16	44.44
	黄果柑 Huangguogan	420	23	5.50	238	44	18.49
总计 Total		1 431	148	10.34	1 543	893	57.87

母本 Female parent	父本 Male parents	授粉数 Numbe of pollination	坐果数 Number of fruits	坐果率 Fruit-set rate （%）	播种数 Number of seeds	成苗数 Seedlings number	成苗率 Survival rate （%）
清见 Kiyomi tangor	塔罗科 Tarocco	99	3	3.03	0	0	0.00
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	102	18	17.65	380	293	77.11
	媛红椪柑 Himeruby	96	30	31.25	354	316	89.27
	明日见 Asumi	72	22	30.56	316	199	62.97
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	明日见 Asumi	74	9	12.16	51	10	19.61
	甘平 Kanpei	74	8	10.81	0	0	0.00
	美国糖橘 American sugar tangerine	48	9	18.75	49	8	16.33
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	64	6	9.38	23	0	0.00
沃柑 Orah	大雅 Daya	129	9	6.98	58	3	5.17
	濑户见 Setomi	167	9	5.39	38	4	10.53
	爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	86	2	2.33	36	16	44.44
	黄果柑 Huangguogan	420	23	5.50	238	44	18.49
总计 Total		1 431	148	10.34	1 543	893	57.87

杂交组合 Hybridization combinations	筛选的特异性SCoT引物编号 Specific SCoT primer number for screening
清见×媛红椪柑 Kiyomi tangor × Himeruby	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
清见×红韵香柑 Kiyomi tangor ×Hongyun Xianggan	SCoT 8、SCoT12、SCoT14、SCoT21
清见×明日见 Kiyomi tangor × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT34
爱媛38×明日见 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT 12、SCoT 13、SCoT15
爱媛38×美国糖橘 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × American sugar tangerine	SCoT8、SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×大雅 Orah × Daya	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT15
沃柑×濑户见 Orah × Setomi	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT21、SCoT25
沃柑×爱媛38 Orah × Ehime Kashi No. 38	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×黄果柑 Orah× Huanguogan	SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT13

杂交组合 Hybridization combinations	筛选的特异性SCoT引物编号 Specific SCoT primer number for screening
清见×媛红椪柑 Kiyomi tangor × Himeruby	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
清见×红韵香柑 Kiyomi tangor ×Hongyun Xianggan	SCoT 8、SCoT12、SCoT14、SCoT21
清见×明日见 Kiyomi tangor × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT34
爱媛38×明日见 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT 12、SCoT 13、SCoT15
爱媛38×美国糖橘 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × American sugar tangerine	SCoT8、SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×大雅 Orah × Daya	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT15
沃柑×濑户见 Orah × Setomi	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT21、SCoT25
沃柑×爱媛38 Orah × Ehime Kashi No. 38	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×黄果柑 Orah× Huanguogan	SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT13

母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent	F₁代数 Number of hybrid F₁ generations	真杂种数 True hybrid quantity	杂种率 Hybrid rate （%）
清见 Kiyomi tangor	媛红椪柑 Himeruby	316	316	100
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	293	292	99.66
	明日见 Asumi	199	199	100
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	明日见 Asumi	10	9	90
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	美国糖橘 American sugar tangerine	8	8	100
沃柑 Orah	爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	16	16	100
	大雅 Daya	3	3	100
	濑户见 Setomi	4	4	100
	黄果柑 Huangguogan	44	44	100
总计 Total		893	891	99.78