Biotechnology Bulletin ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 16-32.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0793

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Roles of Plasma Membrane Na+/H+ Antiporter SOS1 in Maintaining Ionic Homeostasis of Plants

ZHU Ye-sheng(), WU Guo-qiang(), WEI Ming   

  1. School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050
  • Received:2023-08-14 Online:2023-12-26 Published:2024-01-11
  • Contact: WU Guo-qiang E-mail:1428209434@qq.com;gqwu@lut.edu.cn

Abstract:

Plants regulate ion homeostasis to adapt to saline environment through a series of complex transport systems. SOS(salt over sensitive)signal pathway is the major signal pathway for plants to respond to abiotic stress, which is mainly composed of plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1, serine/threonine protein kinase SOS2, and calcium sensor SOS3. As one of the main members of SOS signaling pathway, SOS1 widely exists in higher plants. Due to the early evolutionary differences, the structural, physical, and chemical properties of SOS1 from different species had certain specificity. The SOS1 protein is a homodimer, and each monomer is composed of transmembrane and intracellular domains, which provides a stable docking platform for integrating signals from different pathways and regulating Na+ transport. Transcription level of the SOS1 gene was regulated by different stress conditions. SOS1 activity was inhibited or activated through Ca2+ signal regulation, phosphorylation, self-inhibition, and synergistic regulation with other ion transporters. SOS1 has shown to regulate circadian rhythm and pH, and maintain ion homeostasis in plants, which plays an important role in the response of plant to abiotic stress. In this review, the structure, function, regulation mechanism of SOS1 and its role in maintaining plant ion homeostasis are reviewed, and its future research direction is also prospected. The information in this review provide a theoretical support and excellent genetic resources for the genetic improvement of crops to produce new, stress-resistant varieties.

Key words: SOS1, Na+ extrusion, Na+ long-distance transport, ion homeostasis, SOS signaling pathway, salt tolerance, oxidative stress