Physiological and Biochemical Analysis of Drought Resistance in Sorghum Cuticular Wax-deficient Mutant sb1

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0889

Abstract

Abstract:

The drought tolerance trait of plant is related to the wax accumulation on the surface. Sorghum is a cereal crop that can survive under extreme drought stress, its surfaces of stems and leaves were covered with a thick layer of wax on the. The study on the difference of drought resistance in sorghum with or without cuticular wax may provide a theoretical basis for breeding drought-resistant sorghum varieties and revealing the molecular mechanism of drought resistance. Sorghum cv. BTx623（with cuticular wax）and cuticular wax-deficient mutant sb1（without cuticular wax）were used as experimental materials. Firstly, agronomic traits of BTx623 and sb1 were recoded and leaf surface wax structure was observed by using electron microscope. Secondly, the influences of the presence and absence of cuticular wax on the water loss rates of excised leaves and chlorophyll leaching rates were analyzed. Finally, phenotype changes, activities of SOD（superoxide dismutase）and POD（peroxidase）were detected under drought stress. Compared to sorghum cv. BTx623, the height of cuticular wax-deficient mutant sb1 significantly decreased, while the heading-flowering period delayed for one week. Sheticular wax was absent on the distal axial surface of leaves, and no significant variance in other agronomic traits was found. Water loss rates of excised leaves and chlorophyll leaching rates of mutant sb1 were significantly higher than those of BTx623. Under the drought stress treatment, the activities of SOD and POD were induced in both BTx623 and sb1, while the enzyme activities of BTx623 were significantly higher than those of sb1. After drought treatment, most leaves of sb1 were withered and dried after 96 h with re-watering. This study demonstrate that leaf's permeability is enhanced and leaf's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species is weakened in cuticular wax-deficient mutant sb1 compared to BTx623, which indicates the presence of cuticular wax plays an important role in drought tolerance.

Key words: sorghum, cuticular wax, drought stress, permeability, antioxidant enzyme

WANG Chun-yu, LI Zheng-jun, WANG Ping, ZHANG Li-xia. Physiological and Biochemical Analysis of Drought Resistance in Sorghum Cuticular Wax-deficient Mutant sb1[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(5): 160-167.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Phenotypes of BTx623 and sb1 in heading and flow-ering period A: The whole plants. B: The adaxial sides of leaves. C: The abaxial sides of leaves

Fig. 2 Observation of the abaxial sides of leaves between BTx623 and sb1 by scanning electron microscope

Table 1 Comparison of agronomic traits between BTx623 and sb1

材料名称 Genotype	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/cm	穗长 Spike length/cm	穗茎长 Spike stem length/cm	粒数 Grain yield per plant	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	抽穗期 Heading stage/d
BTx623	138.67±5.51	1.63±0.08	32.33±2.52	37.67±2.08	1 612.52±39.23	26.19±0.21	79±2.16
sb1	133.97±6.10*	1.62±0.14	33.32±0.89	36.33±1.52	1 487.08±28.59	25.06±0.43	86±2.46*

Fig. 3 Leaf permeabilities between BTx623 and sb1 A: Water loss rates of excised leaves. B: Phenotypes of excised-leaves water loss. C: Chlorophyll leaching rates. ** indicates significant difference at the 0.01 level. The same as below

Fig. 4 Phenotypes of BTx623 and sb1 under drought stress A: Normal watering. B: Drought stress for 72 h. C: Drought stress for 96 h.D: Seedlings recovery 96 h after re-watering

Fig. 5 Antioxidant enzyme activities of BTx623 and sb1 under drought stress

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