Advances in Genes Related to Tomato Fruit Morphogenesis

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1277

Abstract

Abstract:

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as a global vegetable, occupies a significant position in agricultural production and food processing industry due to its rich nutritional value and variety of consumption options. Fruit morphological development is a key factor affecting tomato yield and quality, which mainly involves the development of fruit size and shape. This process is finely regulated by genes and plant hormones. However, the number of genes involved in fruit morphogenesis is relatively small, and the regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. Although most of the existing studies have focused on the mining of related genes, relatively few investigations have been conducted into gene regulatory mechanisms. This paper reviewed the genes related to fruit morphological development obtained through forward genetics, and analyzed the variation of these genes and their related regulatory mechanisms. It also briefly introduced the application of phytohormones in fruit morphology development, and discussed the mechanism of phytohormone regulation of tomato fruit morphology development. On this basis, the paper further explored the potential application of genes associated with tomato fruit morphology development. The employment of gene editing technology facilitates the targeted enhancement of fruit morphology. In conjunction with artificial intelligence technology, the breeding process is able to be expedited, thereby facilitating the rapid development of new tomato varieties that are tailored to specific requirements. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms of fruit morphological development, identify future research directions, and establish a robust theoretical basis for tomato molecular breeding. Ultimately, the goal is to facilitate the cultivation of new varieties that are high-yielding and of superior quality.

Key words: tomato, fruit morphogenesis, quantitative trait locus, fruit weight, number of ventricles, fruit shape index, fruit tip

YAN Chen-lin, LI Fan, YAN Chun-ting, CHENG Jiao-wen, HU Kai-lin, YE Zhi-biao, SONG Jian-wen. Advances in Genes Related to Tomato Fruit Morphogenesis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(3): 172-186.

Figures/Tables 5

References 114

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基因类型 Gene type	基因编号 Gene ID	调控机制 Regulatory mechanism	参考文献 References
FW2.2	Solyc02g090730	负调控胞间连丝处的胼胝质沉积，保证细胞间信号分子的流通	［23-24］
FW2.2	Solyc02g090730	The negative regulation of callose deposition at plasmodesmata ensures the flow of signaling molecules between cells	［23-24］
FW3.2	Solyc03g114940	KLUH基因剂量提高，基因表达量显著提升	［25-26］
FW3.2	Solyc03g114940	An increase in the dosage of the KLUH gene leads to a significant elevation in gene expressions	［25-26］
FW11.3	Solyc11g071940	可能与细胞分化和维管发育有关，具体调控机制未知	［27-28］
FW11.3	Solyc11g071940	It may be associated with cell differentiation and vascular development， although the precise regulatory mechanism remains unknown	［27-28］
LC	Solyc02g083950	调控WUS基因表达，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［5，29］
LC	Solyc02g083950	Regulation of WUS gene expression to influence the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［5，29］
FAS	Solyc11g071380	调控CLV3基因表达，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［30］
FAS	Solyc11g071380	Regulation of CLV3 gene expression to influence the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［30］
FAB	Solyc04g081590	影响WUS-CLV3途径	［31］
FAB	Solyc04g081590	Impact on the WUS-CLV3 route	［31］
FIN	Solyc11g064850	调控CLV3的糖基化修饰，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［31］
FIN	Solyc11g064850	Modulation of CLV3 glycosylation modification influences the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［31］
ENO	Solyc03g117230	调控WUS基因表达，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［32］
ENO	Solyc03g117230	Regulation of WUS gene expression influences the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［32］
OVATE	Solyc02g085500	OVATE和OFP20通过与TRM互作，改变细胞分裂模式	［33-35］
OVATE	Solyc02g085500	OVATE and OFP20 modify cell division patterns by interacting with TRM	［33-35］
SOV1	Solyc03g097060	SOV1和TRM家族互作，调控细胞分裂模式，最终影响果实伸长	［15，35］
SOV1	Solyc03g097060	SOV1 interacts with the TRM family to regulate cell division patterns， thereby influencing fruit elongation	［15，35］
SUN	Solyc10g079240	SUN通过CAM介导微管重排，影响细胞分裂	［36-37］
SUN	Solyc10g079240	SUN influences cell division by intervening in the rearrangement of microtubules via CAM	［36-37］
GLOBE	Solyc12g006860	可能与油菜素内酯有关，具体调控机制未知	［38］
GLOBE	Solyc12g006860	This could be related to brassinosteroids， although the precise regulatory mechanism remains unknown	［38］
FS8.1	Solyc08g061910	FS8.1编码蛋白与SlGT-16蛋白协同作用，调控子房壁与中轴的细胞增殖速率	［39］
FS8.1	Solyc08g061910	The protein encoded by FS8.1 acts synergistically with the SIGT-16 protein to regulate cell proliferation rates in the ovarian wall and central axis	［39］
PT	Solyc05g054030	影响C2H2结构域数目，负调控FUL2的表达	［40］
PT	Solyc05g054030	Influencing the number of C2H2 domains， negatively regulating the expression of FUL2	［40］

基因类型 Gene type	基因编号 Gene ID	调控机制 Regulatory mechanism	参考文献 References
FW2.2	Solyc02g090730	负调控胞间连丝处的胼胝质沉积，保证细胞间信号分子的流通	［23-24］
FW2.2	Solyc02g090730	The negative regulation of callose deposition at plasmodesmata ensures the flow of signaling molecules between cells	［23-24］
FW3.2	Solyc03g114940	KLUH基因剂量提高，基因表达量显著提升	［25-26］
FW3.2	Solyc03g114940	An increase in the dosage of the KLUH gene leads to a significant elevation in gene expressions	［25-26］
FW11.3	Solyc11g071940	可能与细胞分化和维管发育有关，具体调控机制未知	［27-28］
FW11.3	Solyc11g071940	It may be associated with cell differentiation and vascular development， although the precise regulatory mechanism remains unknown	［27-28］
LC	Solyc02g083950	调控WUS基因表达，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［5，29］
LC	Solyc02g083950	Regulation of WUS gene expression to influence the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［5，29］
FAS	Solyc11g071380	调控CLV3基因表达，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［30］
FAS	Solyc11g071380	Regulation of CLV3 gene expression to influence the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［30］
FAB	Solyc04g081590	影响WUS-CLV3途径	［31］
FAB	Solyc04g081590	Impact on the WUS-CLV3 route	［31］
FIN	Solyc11g064850	调控CLV3的糖基化修饰，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［31］
FIN	Solyc11g064850	Modulation of CLV3 glycosylation modification influences the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［31］
ENO	Solyc03g117230	调控WUS基因表达，影响WUS-CLV3途径	［32］
ENO	Solyc03g117230	Regulation of WUS gene expression influences the WUS-CLV3 pathway	［32］
OVATE	Solyc02g085500	OVATE和OFP20通过与TRM互作，改变细胞分裂模式	［33-35］
OVATE	Solyc02g085500	OVATE and OFP20 modify cell division patterns by interacting with TRM	［33-35］
SOV1	Solyc03g097060	SOV1和TRM家族互作，调控细胞分裂模式，最终影响果实伸长	［15，35］
SOV1	Solyc03g097060	SOV1 interacts with the TRM family to regulate cell division patterns， thereby influencing fruit elongation	［15，35］
SUN	Solyc10g079240	SUN通过CAM介导微管重排，影响细胞分裂	［36-37］
SUN	Solyc10g079240	SUN influences cell division by intervening in the rearrangement of microtubules via CAM	［36-37］
GLOBE	Solyc12g006860	可能与油菜素内酯有关，具体调控机制未知	［38］
GLOBE	Solyc12g006860	This could be related to brassinosteroids， although the precise regulatory mechanism remains unknown	［38］
FS8.1	Solyc08g061910	FS8.1编码蛋白与SlGT-16蛋白协同作用，调控子房壁与中轴的细胞增殖速率	［39］
FS8.1	Solyc08g061910	The protein encoded by FS8.1 acts synergistically with the SIGT-16 protein to regulate cell proliferation rates in the ovarian wall and central axis	［39］
PT	Solyc05g054030	影响C2H2结构域数目，负调控FUL2的表达	［40］
PT	Solyc05g054030	Influencing the number of C2H2 domains， negatively regulating the expression of FUL2	［40］