镉诱导细胞自噬的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 镉是一种有毒的重金属, 其对环境和人类的健康造成巨大危害。越来越多的证据表明镉对多个器官和系统造成损害, 甚至引起癌变和肿瘤。自噬是进化上保守的, 利用溶酶体途径降解细胞内蛋白质和细胞器的过程。一方面, 自噬通过清除受损的细胞器保护细胞免受镉损伤; 而当细胞受到的损伤不可逆时, 自噬作为一种死亡机制导致细胞死亡。自噬在镉引起的细胞损伤中的作用目前仍有争议, 可能是镉的剂量和暴露时间的不同造成了自噬在损伤中的作用不同。目前对自噬在其中的作用机理研究, 主要集中在mTOR, Ca²⁺, Beclin-1等信号分子。对镉与自噬分子机理的研究, 可以为治疗和预防镉中毒提供新思路。综述了自噬在镉致细胞毒性中的作用, 以及镉诱导细胞自噬的信号调节通路。

关键词: 镉, 自噬, 生存, 死亡, 信号通路

Abstract: Cadmium, a highly toxic heavy metal, has been proven to be hazard for both human health and environment. Growing evidences have confirmed that cadmium caused damages to multiple organs and systems, and even led to cancer and tumors. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal pathway of degrading cytoplasmic proteins and organelles. On the one hand, autophagy represents a cell survival mechanism to clear damaged organelles for preventing the cells from the further damages induced by cadmium; on the other hand, it may lead to cell death as cell death mechanism while the damage to the cell is irreversible. It is found that the role of autophagy in cadmium-induced cytotoxicity is still controversial, which might be caused from the variations on concentration and exposure time of cadmium. Current investigations on the mechanism of autophagy are mainly focusing on signal molecules of mTOR, Ca²⁺and Beclin-1. Studies of the molecular mechanism between cadmium and autophagy can provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of cadmium poisoning. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in cytotoxicity and signaling pathways in the autophagy induced by cadmium.

Key words: cadmium, autophagy, survival, death, signaling pathway

王棋文,宋德荣,刘其昌,周大荣,彭华,张琼娣,罗耀. 镉诱导细胞自噬的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2015, 31(10): 56-61.

Wang Qiwen, Song Derong, Liu Qichang, Zhou Darong, Peng Hua, Zhang Qiongdi, Luo Yao. Research Progress on Cell Autophagy Induced by Cadmium[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2015, 31(10): 56-61.

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