CRISPRs基因编辑技术研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016-1085

摘要/Abstract

摘要： CRISPR（Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats）基因簇是一段成簇的短间距回文非编码序列,它可以通过整合新的间隔子序列实现对入侵外源DNA的记忆,而Cas（CRISPR-associated protein）蛋白则负责辅助CRISPR的转录产物crRNA（CRISPR RNA）,对外源DNA进行切割。二者协作组成了生物体的CRISPR-Cas系统,发挥抵御外源DNA侵染的作用。目前,CRISPR-Cas系统凭借着高效、简单、低成本、高特异性的独特优势迅速吸引了整个科学界的注意,成为研究的一大热点。对CRISPR-Cas系统的组成、结构、分型以及CRISPR技术作用机理、优势等做了详细的介绍,并以嗜热链球菌为例,分析了CRISPR基因的碱基排布及其高级结构,旨在为分子生物学及相关领域的科学研究提供参考。

关键词: CRISPR-Cas系统, 基因编辑, 嗜热链球菌, gRNA-Cas9复合体

Abstract: CRISPR is a piece of clustered short-interspaced palindromic non-coding sequences,in which the invasive foreign DNA can be memorized by integrating new spacer sequences. However,Cas protein is responsible for supporting CRISPR transcription products---crRNA（CRISPR RNA）to splice foreign DNA. CRISPR-Cas system,based on the cooperation of the two segments,plays a role in resisting exogenous DNA infection. So far,CRISPR-Cas system attracts the attention from whole scientific community rapidly relying on its unique advantages,such as high efficiency,convenience,low cost and high specificity. This review summarizes the composition,structure and type of CRISPR-Cas system as well as the mechanism and advantages of CRISPR technology. Moreover,taking Streptococcus thermophilus as an example,the base arrangement and advanced structure of the CRISPR gene are also presented in order to provide references for the scientific research in molecular biology and related fields.

Key words: CRISPR-Cas system, gene editing, Streptococcus thermophilus, gRNA-Cas9 complex

郝梦圆, 曲晓军, 崔艳华. CRISPRs基因编辑技术研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2017, 33(6): 45-53.

HAO Meng-yuan, QU Xiao-jun, CUI Yan-hua. Advances in Gene Editing via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2017, 33(6): 45-53.

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