多胺调控果实发育的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1298

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多胺（polyamines, PAs）是一类普遍存在于植物体内的高生物活性的小分子脂肪族含氮碱，作为重要的内源生理活性物质，其在果实发育全过程中起重要调控作用。研究表明，多胺不仅直接参与植物花芽分化、坐果、果实发育等过程，还能通过与乙烯等激素相互作用，共同调控果实的成熟与衰老。本文系统梳理了多胺在果实发育不同阶段中的调控作用，包括多胺浓度动态变化对花芽分化、花粉萌发、花粉管生长、坐果及果实发育早期阶段的影响。同时，总结了多胺对果实细胞分裂与膨大的调控，并探讨了多胺对果实成熟与衰老进程的调控作用。此外，本文还进一步探讨了多胺在农业生产中的应用潜力，包括多胺在提升果实产量、品质及延长货架期中的应用价值，并展望了利用AI辅助基因编辑技术对植物内源多胺合成、代谢及转运途径的精准调控以优化多胺代谢网络，实现对果实品质改良的应用前景，为新兴生物技术改良果实品质及育种等研究方向提出了新策略。总之，本文系统总结了多胺在果实发育各阶段的重要作用，深化了对多胺调控网络的认识。同时，通过探讨多胺在农业上的应用及其与新兴技术的融合，为果实品质改良与产业可持续发展提供重要理论支撑和新思路。

关键词: 多胺, 果实发育, AI辅助, 采后保鲜, 乙烯, 基因编辑, 品质改良

Abstract:

Polyamines (PAs), a class of small aliphatic nitrogenous bases with high biological activity ubiquitously present in plants, act as important endogenous bioactive substances and exert crucial regulatory effects throughout the entire process of fruit development. Studies have shown that PAs not only directly participate in plant flower bud differentiation, fruit set and fruit development, but also jointly regulate fruit ripening and senescence through interactions with phytohormones such as ethylene. This paper systematically reviews the regulatory roles of PAs in different stages of fruit development, including the effects of dynamic changes in PA concentrations on flower bud differentiation, pollen germination, pollen tube growth, fruit set, and the early stages of fruit development. Meanwhile, it summarizes the regulatory effects of PAs on fruit cell division and expansion, and discusses their roles in modulating the processes of fruit ripening and senescence. In addition, this paper further explores the application potential of PAs in agricultural production, including their value in improving fruit yield, quality and extending shelf life. It also prospects the application of artificial intelligence-assisted gene editing technology for the precise regulation of plant endogenous PA biosynthetic, metabolic and transport pathways to optimize the PA metabolic network and realize fruit quality improvement, thus proposing new strategies for emerging biotechnological research directions such as fruit quality modification and breeding. In conclusion, this paper systematically summarizes the important roles of PAs in all stages of fruit development and deepens the understanding of the PA regulatory network. Concurrently, it discusses the agricultural application of PAs and their integration with emerging technologies, which provides important theoretical support and new ideas for fruit quality improvement and the sustainable development of the fruit industry.

Key words: polyamine, fruit development, AI-assisted, postharvest preservation, ethylene, gene editing, quality improvement

胡秋玲, 陈灵, 黄嘉怡, 赵梓乔, 潘璐怡, 刘慧丽, 刘太波. 多胺调控果实发育的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1298.

HU Qiu-ling, CHEN Ling, HUANG Jia-yi, ZHAO Zi-qiao, PAN Lu-yi, LIU Hui-li, LIU Tai-bo. Advances in the Regulation of Fruit Development by Polyamines[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1298.

图/表 2

图1 多胺稳态调控网络腐胺（Put）是多胺合成的中心，Put的合成途径包括精氨酸（Arg）途径和鸟氨酸（Orn）途径。Put与dcSAM的氨丙基结合生成三胺Spd，并进一步生成四胺Spm和T-Spm。多胺的分解主要依赖于二胺氧化酶（DAO）和多胺氧化酶（PAO）。ADC：精氨酸脱羧酶；AIH：鲱精胺亚胺水解酶；NCP：N-氨甲酰腐胺；NCPAH：N-氨甲酰腐胺酰胺水解酶；ARGAH：精氨酸酶；ODC：鸟氨酸脱羧酶；SAMS：S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶；SAMDC：S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶；SPDS：亚精胺合成酶；SPMS：精胺合成酶；ACL5：热精胺合成酶；PAO：多胺氧化酶；CuAO：铜胺氧化酶；ΔPyrroline：吡咯啉

Fig. 1 Polyamine homeostasis regulatory networkPutrescine (Put) serves as the core of polyamine synthesis, with its synthetic pathways including the arginine (Arg) pathway and the ornithine (Orn) pathway. Put combines with the aminopropyl group of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM) to form the triamine spermidine (Spd), which is further converted into the tetraamines spermine (Spm) and thermospermine (T-Spm). The catabolism of polyamines mainly relies on diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO). ADC: Arginine decarboxylase. AIH: Agmatine ureohydrolase. NCP: N-carbamoylputrescine. NCPAH: N-carbamoylputrescine amidase. ARGAH: Arginase. ODC: Ornithine decarboxylase. SAMS: S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. SAMDC: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. SPDS: Spermidine synthase. SPMS: Spermine synthase. ACL5: Thermospermine synthase. PAO: Polyamine oxidase. CuAO: Copper ammonia oxidase. Δpyrroline: Delta-pyrroline

图2 果实中多胺和乙烯含量的稳态调控多胺合成途径和乙烯合成途径通过竞争共同的底物SAM来调控植物体内多胺和乙烯含量的动态变化，维持该动态平衡对果实的发育和成熟进程至关重要。MET：甲硫氨酸；SAM：S-腺苷甲硫氨酸；MTA：5′-甲硫基腺苷；MTR：5′-甲硫基核糖；ACS：ACC 合成酶；ACC：1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸；ACO：ACC氧化酶；ETH：乙烯；ADC：精氨酸脱羧酶；AIH：鲱精胺亚胺水解酶；NCP：N-氨甲酰腐胺；CPA：N-氨甲酰腐胺酰胺水解酶；ARGAH：精氨酸酶；ODC：鸟氨酸脱羧酶；Arg：精氨酸；Orn：鸟氨酸；Agm：鲱氨酸；SAMDC：S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶；SPDS：亚精胺合成酶；SPMS：精胺合成酶；ACL5：热精胺合成酶；PAO：多胺氧化酶；SPDS：亚精胺合成酶；SPMS：精胺合成酶；Put：腐胺；Spd：亚精胺；Spm：精胺

Fig. 2 Homeostatic regulation of polyamine and ethylene contents in fruitsThe polyamine and ethylene synthesis pathways regulate the dynamic changes of polyamine and ethylene contents in plants by competing for the common substrate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and maintaining this dynamic balance is crucial for the development and ripening processes of fruits. MET: Methionine. SAM: S-adenosylmethionine. MTA: 5′-methylthioadenosine. MTR: 5′-methylthioribose. ACS: ACC synthase. ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. ACO: ACC oxidase. ETH: Ethylene. ADC: Arginine decarboxylase. AIH: Agmatine iminohydrolase. NCP: N-carbamoylputrescine. ARGAH: Arginase. ODC: Ornithine decarboxylase. Arg: Arginine. Orn: Ornithine. Agm: Agmatine. SAMDC: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. SPDS: Spermidine synthase. SPMS: Spermine synthase. ACL5: Thermospermine synthase. PAO: Polyamine oxidase. SPDS: Spermidine synthase. SPMS: Spermine synthase. Put: Putrescine. Spd: Spermidine. Spm: Spermine

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