我国生物育种技术的研究现状与发展策略

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0089

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物育种是种业创新的核心，是保障国家粮食安全、提升农业核心竞争力的关键路径。近年来，全球进入育种4.0时代，大数据、人工智能与生物技术的深度融合，推动精准高效育种体系快速发展。我国在转基因、基因编辑、基因组选择、合成生物学等前沿技术及底层工具构建方面取得重要进展，部分成果已达到国际先进水平，为种业创新奠定了坚实基础。本文综述了国内外生物育种技术发展态势与我国取得的阶段性成果，客观评估当前存在的技术差距与发展瓶颈，并提出针对性发展建议。未来亟需加快前沿技术原创突破，完善标准化、模块化和智能化育种平台，构建科研与产业深度协同的“双轮驱动”体系，优化政策法规环境，推动成果高效转化与产业化发展，为加快建设现代种业体系、保障国家粮食安全提供科技支撑。

关键词: 生物育种, 前沿技术, 基因编辑, 基因组选择, 智能化育种, 种业创新

Abstract:

Biological breeding is central to seed industry innovation and plays a key role in ensuring national food security and boosting agricultural competitiveness. In recent years, the global seed industry has entered the era of Breeding 4.0, where big data, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology are deeply integrated, driving the rapid development of more precise and efficient breeding systems. China has made significant progress in frontier technologies such as genetic modification, gene editing, genomic selection, and synthetic biology, as well as in the development of foundational tools. Some of these achievements have reached internationally advanced levels, providing a solid foundation for seed industry innovation. This review summarizes the development trends of biological breeding technologies at home and abroad, as well as the progress China has made to date. It provides an objective assessment of current technological gaps and developmental bottlenecks, and puts forward targeted recommendations. In the coming years, urgent efforts are needed to accelerate original breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies, enhance standardized, modular, and intelligent breeding platforms, and build a “dual-wheel drive” system that deeply integrates research and industry. It is equally important to optimize the policy and regulatory environment and promote the efficient transformation and industrialization of research outcomes, thereby providing technological support for the rapid development of a modern seed industry system and the safeguarding of national food security.

Key words: biological breeding, frontier technology, gene editing, genomic selection, intelligent breeding, seed industry innovation

田瑞丰, 杨韵龙, 周升辉, 刘荣志, 刘录祥, 莫广刚. 我国生物育种技术的研究现状与发展策略[J]. 生物技术通报, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0089.

TIAN Rui-feng, YANG Yun-long, ZHOU Sheng-hui, LIU Rong-zhi, LIU Lu-xiang, MO Guang-gang. Research Status and Development Strategies of Biological Breeding Technologies in China[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0089.

图/表 1

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