基于代谢组学的植物多酚及其肠道健康效应研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1409

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

综述了植物多酚的分类和来源、在代谢组学技术的驱动下,新型多酚物质的鉴定、控制植物多酚合成途径的关键因子以及多酚的功能特性的研究进展,阐述了植物多酚在肠道中的代谢以及其作为“益生元”调节肠道微生态并影响机体健康的重要功能。目前的研究表明不同植物多酚在调节肠道微生态方面存在差异,多数有促进肠道有益菌作用,并通过与肠道微生物“互作”发挥促进健康效应。总之,植物多酚作为“益生元”影响人体健康可能离不开肠道微生物的介导。各个植物多酚的益生功能也需要进一步阐析,在此过程中需要考虑宿主,膳食等混杂因素的综合影响,且需要拓展临床应用方面的研究。

关键词: 代谢组学, 植物多酚, 益生元, 肠道微生物

Abstract:

This article provides a general overview of the classification and the sources of plant polyphenols,as well as the recent studies using metabolomics technology in the realms of 1）the identification of novel polyphenols,2）the key factors in polyphenols synthesis pathways and,3）the biological function of plant polyphenols. The metabolism of plant polyphenols in the gut and their functions as prebiotics in regulation of gut microbiota are also discussed. The current studies show that different plant polyphenols play varied roles in regulating gut microbiota,but most of them tend to promote beneficial bacteria,and the health benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota are in function via interaction with the host. In a word,plant polyphenols as “probiotics” affecting human health relies on the mediation of intestinal microbes. The probiotic function of individual plant polyphenol deserves further investigation,including the factors of host,diet and other confounding factors,as well as expanding studies on clinical trials.

Key words: metabolomics, plant polyphenols, prebiotics, gut microbiota

黄小丹, 陈梦雨, 黄文洁, 张名位, 晏石娟. 基于代谢组学的植物多酚及其肠道健康效应研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(1): 123-136.

HUANG Xiao-dan, CHEN Meng-yu, HUANG Wen-jie, ZHANG Ming-wei, YAN Shi-juan. Progress Based on Metabolomics：Plant Polyphenols and Their Gut Health Benefit[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(1): 123-136.

图/表 3

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多酚类物质/来源			实验模型	对肠道微生态的影响	参考文献
多酚化合物	黄酮类	槲皮素	小鼠（结肠炎）	与病例对照相比（1）菌群的α多样性增加; （2）厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度增加。	[111]
		花青素	大鼠（结直肠癌）	与病例对照相比（1）梭菌科（Clostridiaceae）相对丰度增加; （2）科水平上,脱硫弧菌科（Desulfovibrionaceae）,肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）相对丰度降低;属水平上,沃氏嗜胆菌（Bilophila wadsworthia）相对丰度降低。	[112]
		儿茶素/表儿茶素	体外模拟	（1）儿茶素：抑制溶组织梭状芽胞杆菌（Clostridium histolyticum）;促进拟球梭菌（Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group）、双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）和大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）; （2）表儿茶素：促进拟球梭菌（Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group）。	[91]
	芪类	白藜芦醇	小鼠（结肠炎）	与病例对照相比（1）嗜粘蛋白-艾克曼菌（Akkermansia muciniphila）和活泼瘤胃球菌（Ruminococcus gnavus）相对丰度增加; （2）产酸拟杆菌（Bacteroide sacidifaciens）相对丰度降低。	[113]
	酚酸	绿原酸	小鼠	（1）厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）对拟杆菌门的比例增加; （2）疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）和艾克曼菌（Akkermansia）相对丰度增加。	[114]
	酚酸	丹酚酸A	大鼠	（1）艾克曼菌（Akkermansia）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、Blautia属、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和Lachnoclostridium的相对丰度增加; （2）拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、罗氏菌属（Roseburia）、瘤胃梭菌属（Ruminiclostridium）相对丰度降低。	[92]
植物提取物	茶	红茶	体外模拟	（1）促进嗜粘蛋白-艾克曼菌（Akkermansia muciniphila）、克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）和肠球菌（Enterococci）; （2）抑制了食物谷菌属（Victivallis）和Blautia coccoides菌。	[115]
		绿茶	人群（N=12）	（1）在科水平上,毛螺旋菌科（Lachnospiraceae）和双歧杆菌科（Bifidobactericeae）相对丰度增加; （2）在属水平上,双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、罗氏菌属（Roseburia）、Feacalibacterium属、Eubacterium属、Blautia属、Coprococcus属和Dorea属相对丰度增加。	[103]
		普洱茶	小鼠+人群（N=13）	（1）小鼠：芽孢杆菌纲（Bacilli）和α-变形菌纲（α-Proteobacteria）相对丰度降低,拟杆菌纲（Bacteroidia）相对丰度增加; （2）人群：芽孢杆菌纲（Bacilli）和梭菌纲（Clostridia）相对丰度降低。	[116]
	水果	蓝莓	大鼠	双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）和乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）相对丰度增加。	[106]
		葡萄	人群（N=9）	双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）相对丰度增加。	[117]
		石榴	人群,RCT（N=50）	拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、Gordonibacter和大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）相对丰度增加。	[118]
		野樱莓	大鼠	（1）厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门（F/B）比值降低; （2）拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）和Akkermansia属相对丰度增加。	[119]
		猕猴桃	人群,RCT （N=28）	瘤胃球菌科（Ruminococcaceae）、Dorea属和Akkermansia 属相对丰度增加。	[120]
	豆类	全芸豆	大鼠	（1）放线菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度增加; （2）瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）相对丰度增加。	[121]
	可可	可可	人群,RCT（N=22）	（1）促进双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和肠球菌属（Enterococcus）; （2）抑制溶组织梭状芽胞杆菌（Clostridium histolyticum）	[108]

多酚类物质/来源			实验模型	对肠道微生态的影响	参考文献
多酚化合物	黄酮类	槲皮素	小鼠（结肠炎）	与病例对照相比（1）菌群的α多样性增加; （2）厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度增加。	[111]
		花青素	大鼠（结直肠癌）	与病例对照相比（1）梭菌科（Clostridiaceae）相对丰度增加; （2）科水平上,脱硫弧菌科（Desulfovibrionaceae）,肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）相对丰度降低;属水平上,沃氏嗜胆菌（Bilophila wadsworthia）相对丰度降低。	[112]
		儿茶素/表儿茶素	体外模拟	（1）儿茶素：抑制溶组织梭状芽胞杆菌（Clostridium histolyticum）;促进拟球梭菌（Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group）、双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）和大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）; （2）表儿茶素：促进拟球梭菌（Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group）。	[91]
	芪类	白藜芦醇	小鼠（结肠炎）	与病例对照相比（1）嗜粘蛋白-艾克曼菌（Akkermansia muciniphila）和活泼瘤胃球菌（Ruminococcus gnavus）相对丰度增加; （2）产酸拟杆菌（Bacteroide sacidifaciens）相对丰度降低。	[113]
	酚酸	绿原酸	小鼠	（1）厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）对拟杆菌门的比例增加; （2）疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）和艾克曼菌（Akkermansia）相对丰度增加。	[114]
	酚酸	丹酚酸A	大鼠	（1）艾克曼菌（Akkermansia）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、Blautia属、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和Lachnoclostridium的相对丰度增加; （2）拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、罗氏菌属（Roseburia）、瘤胃梭菌属（Ruminiclostridium）相对丰度降低。	[92]
植物提取物	茶	红茶	体外模拟	（1）促进嗜粘蛋白-艾克曼菌（Akkermansia muciniphila）、克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）和肠球菌（Enterococci）; （2）抑制了食物谷菌属（Victivallis）和Blautia coccoides菌。	[115]
		绿茶	人群（N=12）	（1）在科水平上,毛螺旋菌科（Lachnospiraceae）和双歧杆菌科（Bifidobactericeae）相对丰度增加; （2）在属水平上,双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、罗氏菌属（Roseburia）、Feacalibacterium属、Eubacterium属、Blautia属、Coprococcus属和Dorea属相对丰度增加。	[103]
		普洱茶	小鼠+人群（N=13）	（1）小鼠：芽孢杆菌纲（Bacilli）和α-变形菌纲（α-Proteobacteria）相对丰度降低,拟杆菌纲（Bacteroidia）相对丰度增加; （2）人群：芽孢杆菌纲（Bacilli）和梭菌纲（Clostridia）相对丰度降低。	[116]
	水果	蓝莓	大鼠	双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）和乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）相对丰度增加。	[106]
		葡萄	人群（N=9）	双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）相对丰度增加。	[117]
		石榴	人群,RCT（N=50）	拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、Gordonibacter和大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）相对丰度增加。	[118]
		野樱莓	大鼠	（1）厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门（F/B）比值降低; （2）拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）和Akkermansia属相对丰度增加。	[119]
		猕猴桃	人群,RCT （N=28）	瘤胃球菌科（Ruminococcaceae）、Dorea属和Akkermansia 属相对丰度增加。	[120]
	豆类	全芸豆	大鼠	（1）放线菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度增加; （2）瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）相对丰度增加。	[121]
	可可	可可	人群,RCT（N=22）	（1）促进双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和肠球菌属（Enterococcus）; （2）抑制溶组织梭状芽胞杆菌（Clostridium histolyticum）	[108]