微藻盐胁迫响应分子机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0684

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微藻是地球上光合微生物的原始种类之一，由于其生长周期较短、生长速率较快和生产高附加值产物的潜力而被广泛开发利用。然而，在微藻放大生产的过程中极易受到高盐等非生物胁迫的不利影响，极大地限制了微藻的生产力。因此，了解微藻盐胁迫响应的分子机制将有助于耐盐藻株的快速建立。本文总结了真核微藻和原核蓝藻响应盐胁迫的各种参与蛋白及其具体作用机制，包括转运蛋白维持离子稳态、积累渗透调节物质、抗氧化防御机制、信号蛋白和脂质积累等；同时综述了已被开发利用的天然耐盐藻包括杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）、盐生隐杆藻（Aphanothece halophytica）、皮克绿球藻（Picochlorum sp.）和海洋绿藻（Chlamydomonas W80）等微藻及其耐盐基因的研究进展；最后讨论了典型盐响应基因在优良藻种选育中的价值与应用前景。

关键词: 真核微藻, 原核蓝藻, 盐胁迫, 耐盐藻, 盐胁迫响应分子机制

Abstract:

Microalgae, as one of the ancestors of photosynthetic microorganisms on earth, are widely exploited for its short growth cycle, fast growth rate and potential to produce high value-added products. However, their scale-up cultivations have been substantially hindered by those adverse effects resulting from various abiotic stresses including high salinity during industrial production processes. Therefore, it is extremely essential to understand the molecular mechanism of salt stress responses in microalgae, which may contribute to the build-up of genetically engineered microalgae or even higher plants. In this mini review, we summarized various proteins involved in the response of eukaryotic microalgae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria to salt stress and their specific mechanisms including transporters maintaining ion homeostasis, accumulating osmotic regulators, antioxidant defense mechanisms, signal proteins and lipid remodeling. Meanwhile, we outlined the recent research progress of halotolerant microalgae including Dunaliella salina, Aphanothece halophytica, Picochlorum sp. and Chlamydomonas W80, and their salt-tolerant genes that are mostly under active investigations. Finally, we briefly discussed the value and application prospect of typical important salt-responsive genes in the breeding of algal species.

Key words: eukaryotic microalgae, prokaryotic cyanobacteria, salt stress, halotolerant algae, molecular mechanisms of responses to salt stress

沈天虹, 齐孝博, 赵瑞丰, 马欣荣. 微藻盐胁迫响应分子机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(3): 89-99.

SHEN Tian-hong, QI Xiao-bo, ZHAO Rui-feng, MA Xin-rong. Research Progress in the Molecular Mechanisms of Microalgae Responding to Salt Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(3): 89-99.

图/表 2

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