纳米二氧化钛对植物的毒性效应研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0846

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

21世纪以来，纳米材料的发展和应用愈发迅速广泛，而纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂ NPs）作为全球年产量第一的纳米金属氧化物，在广泛应用的同时，也对植物表现出一定的毒性效应，对TiO₂ NPs毒性效应的原理及成因进行系统梳理极具重要性与迫切性。本文归纳了TiO₂ NPs对植物产生毒性的基本途径，从表观生长、生理生化、分子水平多层面剖析了TiO₂ NPs及其与部分污染物复合对植物的毒性效应。同时，在深化毒性机制研究、拓展研究范围以及推动纳米技术创新与应用等方面展望了未来的研究方向，旨在提升对纳米材料环境风险的认知评估能力，并为纳米材料在农业和环境领域的可持续应用提供科学依据。

关键词: 纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂ NPs）, 植物, 毒性效应, 复合胁迫

Abstract:

Since the 21st century, the development and application of nanomaterials have accelerated and expanded significantly, with nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂ NPs) emerging as the most prolific nano metal oxide in terms of annual production. Its widespread use has not only facilitated numerous advancements but has also raised concerns regarding its toxic effects on plants. A systematic review of the mechanisms and causes underlying the toxicity of TiO₂ NPs is therefore both critical and timely. This paper summarizes the fundamental pathways through which TiO₂ NPs exert toxicity on plants and analyzes their toxic effects, both individually and in combination with other pollutants, across various dimensions including visible growth, physiology, biochemistry and molecular levels. Furthermore, this paper prospected the future research directions aimed at deepening our understanding of toxicity mechanisms, expanding the research scope and fostering innovation and application of nanotechnology. These efforts are intended to enhance our ability to assess environmental risks associated with nanomaterials and provide a scientific foundation for the sustainable application of nanomaterials in agriculture and environmental fields.

Key words: titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs), plants, toxic effects, joint stress

姜丽思, 李文远, 张雨祺, 杨洋雯迪, 刘子瑞, 富薇. 纳米二氧化钛对植物的毒性效应研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(5): 32-41.

JIANG Li-si, LI Wen-yuan, ZHANG Yu-qi, YANG Yang-wen-di, LIU Zi-rui, FU Wei. Research Progress in the Toxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(5): 32-41.

图/表 3

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浓度 Concentration （mg/L）	植物 Plant	影响 Influence	参考文献Reference
10-20	野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum L.	提升抗氧化酶活性 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity	［13］
20	小麦Triticum aestivum L.	提高生物量；缓解水胁迫 Increasing biomass； mitigation of water stress	［14］
60	玉米Zea mays L.	提升抗氧化酶活性；缓解盐胁迫 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity； mitigation of salt stress	［16］
100、200	桑树Morusalba L.	抑制根长、芽长 Inhibition of root and shoot length	［17］
10-50	菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris L.	提升抗氧化酶活性；脂质过氧化 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity； lipid peroxidation	［24］
200-500	浮萍Lemna minor L.	细胞质膜损伤 Cytoplasmic membrane damage	［26］
100	龙头草Meehania henryi Hemsl.	提升抗氧化酶活性；缓解盐胁迫 Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity； mitigation of salt stress	［28］
10	拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana L.	提升抗氧化酶活性；屏蔽紫外辐射 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity； shielding against ultraviolet radiation	［30］
200	菠菜Spinacia oleracea L.	抑制光合作用 Inhibition of photosynthesis	［37］
25-200	扁豆Lens culinaris	DNA损伤；细胞质膜损伤 DNA damage； cytoplasmic membrane damage	［38］
10	萝卜Raphanus sativus L.	DNA损伤 DNA damage	［39］
40	紫衫种子Vicia narbonensis L.	DNA损伤 DNA damage	［40］
2 000	洋葱Allium cepa L.	细胞周期延滞；染色体畸变 Cell cycle arrest； chromosomal aberrations	［41］

浓度 Concentration （mg/L）	植物 Plant	影响 Influence	参考文献Reference
10-20	野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum L.	提升抗氧化酶活性 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity	［13］
20	小麦Triticum aestivum L.	提高生物量；缓解水胁迫 Increasing biomass； mitigation of water stress	［14］
60	玉米Zea mays L.	提升抗氧化酶活性；缓解盐胁迫 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity； mitigation of salt stress	［16］
100、200	桑树Morusalba L.	抑制根长、芽长 Inhibition of root and shoot length	［17］
10-50	菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris L.	提升抗氧化酶活性；脂质过氧化 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity； lipid peroxidation	［24］
200-500	浮萍Lemna minor L.	细胞质膜损伤 Cytoplasmic membrane damage	［26］
100	龙头草Meehania henryi Hemsl.	提升抗氧化酶活性；缓解盐胁迫 Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity； mitigation of salt stress	［28］
10	拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana L.	提升抗氧化酶活性；屏蔽紫外辐射 Enhances antioxidant enzyme activity； shielding against ultraviolet radiation	［30］
200	菠菜Spinacia oleracea L.	抑制光合作用 Inhibition of photosynthesis	［37］
25-200	扁豆Lens culinaris	DNA损伤；细胞质膜损伤 DNA damage； cytoplasmic membrane damage	［38］
10	萝卜Raphanus sativus L.	DNA损伤 DNA damage	［39］
40	紫衫种子Vicia narbonensis L.	DNA损伤 DNA damage	［40］
2 000	洋葱Allium cepa L.	细胞周期延滞；染色体畸变 Cell cycle arrest； chromosomal aberrations	［41］

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