转录组和代谢组联合解析‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实品质差异

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0279

生物技术通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 168-181.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0279

• 研究报告 • 上一篇

转录组和代谢组联合解析‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实品质差异

刘建国¹^,²(), 刘格儿²(), 郭颖欣², 王斌¹^,², 王玉昆¹^,², 卢金凤², 黄文庭³, 朱云娜¹^,²()

^1.广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室粤北特色果蔬工程技术研究中心，韶关 512005
^2.韶关学院生物与农业学院，韶关 512005
^3.广东国辰农业科技有限公司，韶关 512500

收稿日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2025-09-26 发布日期:2025-09-24
通讯作者: 朱云娜，女，博士，副教授，研究方向：园艺作物栽培生理与分子生物学；E-mail: zhuyn326@126.com
作者简介:刘建国，男，博士，实验师，研究方向：园艺作物生理生态；E-mail: jgliu@sgu.edu.cn
刘建国，男，博士，实验师，研究方向：园艺作物生理生态；E-mail: jgliu@sgu.edu.cn
基金资助:
韶关市科技计划项目(220610114530885);广东省教育厅重点科研平台和项目(2024GCZX006)

Integrate Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Fruits Quality Differences between ‘Guiyou No. 1’ and ‘Shatianyou’ Pomelo （Citrus maxima）

LIU Jian-guo¹^,²(), LIU Ge-er²(), GUO Ying-xin², WANG Bin¹^,², WANG Yu-kun¹^,², LU Jin-feng², HUANG Wen-ting³, ZHU Yun-na¹^,²()

^1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Special Fruits and Vegetables in Northern Region, Shaoguan 512005
^2.College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005
^3.Guangdong Guochen Agricultural Technology Co. , Ltd. , Shaoguan 512500

Received:2025-03-15 Published:2025-09-26 Online:2025-09-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的解析自花授粉品种‘桂柚1号’和母本‘沙田柚’果实品质、转录调控与代谢差异，为深入研究柚果实品质形成机制及代谢调控提供理论依据。方法采用生化指标检测、转录组学和广泛靶向代谢组学技术，对‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实品质、差异表达基因和代谢物谱进行系统分析。结果 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’在单果重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、V_C含量等指标无显著差异；但‘桂柚1号’果实的果形指数显著大于‘沙田柚’，而其总氨基酸含量显著低于‘沙田柚’。与‘沙田柚’相比，‘桂柚1号’中筛选到285个差异表达基因，其中表达上调和下调基因分别为190和95个。这些差异基因主要富集在精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢、苯丙烷生物合成等途径。与‘沙田柚’相比，‘桂柚1号’中显著上调和下调的差异代谢物分别为17和30种，上调代谢物主要为生物碱和香豆素，下调代谢物则为氨基酸、类黄酮、酚酸等。转录组与代谢组联合分析发现，‘桂柚1号’与‘沙田柚’果实品质差异主要受氨基酸、生物碱、苯丙烷等代谢途径影响，筛选出GOT2、COMT、UGT73C、CYP71A、PAIC等关键基因，推测这些差异基因可能在柚果品质形成中发挥重要作用。结论 ‘桂柚1号’与‘沙田柚’成熟期果实常规品质指标相差不大，但在氨基酸、类黄酮、酚酸、生物碱等方面存在明显不同，二者的差异基因与代谢物主要富集在氨基酸、苯丙烷等物质代谢通路。

关键词: 桂柚1号, 沙田柚, 果实品质, 转录组, 代谢组, 氨基酸, 类黄酮, 生物碱

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to elucidate the differences of fruit qualities and metabolic regulation between the self-pollinated cultivar pomelo ‘Guiyou No. 1’ and its female parent ‘Shatianyou’, it will provide a theoretical basis for future comprehensive research on the mechanisms of fruit quality formation and the metabolic regulation in pomelo. Method Based on physicochemical parameter measurements, transcriptomics, and widely targeted metabolomics, the fruit qualities, gene expression levels, and metabolite profiles were systematically analyzed in mature fruits of ‘Guiyou No.1’ and ‘Shatianyou’ pomelo. Result There were no significant differences in fruit weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and vitamin C content between pomelo ‘Guiyou No.1’ and ‘Shatianyou’. Fruit shape index in ‘Guiyou No.1’ was significantly greater than that in ‘Shatianyou’, while the total amino acid content was significantly less than that in ‘Shatianyou’. Compared to ‘Shatianyou’, the 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, including 190 up-regulated genes and 95 down-regulated genes, respectively. These DEGs were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways, such as arginine and proline metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Metabolome profiling suggested that a total of 90 differential metabolites were detected in ‘Guiyou No.1’, with 17 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated ones, compared with pomelo ‘Shatianyou’. Upregulated metabolites were mainly alkaloids and coumarins, while downregulated ones included amino acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The differences of fruit quality between ‘Guiyou No.1’ and ‘Shatianyou’ were primarily influenced by the pathways of amino acids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. Key genes such as GOT2, COMT, UGT73C, CYP71A and PAIC were identified as potentially playing crucial roles in the quality formation of pomelo fruits. Conclusion No significant differences in general qualities, are detected between mature fruits of ‘Guiyou No.1’ and ‘Shatianyou’ pomelo; however, there are obvious differences in terms of amino acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. The differential genes and metabolites between the two cultivars are mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways of amino acid and phenylpropanoid.

Key words: Guiyou No.1, Shatianyou, fruit qualities, transcriptome, metabolomics, amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids

刘建国, 刘格儿, 郭颖欣, 王斌, 王玉昆, 卢金凤, 黄文庭, 朱云娜. 转录组和代谢组联合解析‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实品质差异[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(9): 168-181.

LIU Jian-guo, LIU Ge-er, GUO Ying-xin, WANG Bin, WANG Yu-kun, LU Jin-feng, HUANG Wen-ting, ZHU Yun-na. Integrate Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Fruits Quality Differences between ‘Guiyou No. 1’ and ‘Shatianyou’ Pomelo （Citrus maxima）[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 168-181.

图/表 10

表1 RT-qPCR验证基因及引物信息

Table 1 RT-qPCR validation gene and primer information

基因序号 Gene ID	基因名称 Gene name	上游引物序列 Forward primers sequence （5′-3′）	下游引物序列 Reverse primers sequence （5′-3′）	用途 Usage
Cg8g019990	PAL	GAAAGTCCTGACGATGGGGG	GCATCAACGGGTAAGTTGCG	荧光定量PCR Quantitative real-time PCR
Cg2g026340	4CL	GGCTGCTTGCATTTTTCGGA	AGGCAGCACACATAGGATCG
Cg4g020580	C4H	CTGAGGAGTTTCGGCCAGAG	TGCAATCACAAGCCCCAAGA
Cg1g010540	GPPK	GGAAGCCGAAGAGATGGAGG	TGAGGGGTTTGTTGTGGCAA
Cg7g018290	CYP71A	TCTGGGCAATGTCAGAGCTA	GTCTTGGGAGTAGCATCGGG
Cg7g005510	CSE	CTCCACGGCGAAGAGGATAA	GTGCCACATCCCCTCGTAAA
Cg4g014720	CAD	GCTCGGATTGACCCAAGAAG	AGCTTCTTTTGGAATTGGCTCTATC
Cg3g013930	CER	CCTGATCTCGCATTCTCCCC	GGCTCGTGTAGAGACTTCGG
Cg6g013340	HCT	CCCTTCGCCGAATCATCAGT	ACACGTTCGCCTTTGCATTC
Cg5g006480	GAPC	GGTGGCAGGGCTGCTTCATT	AGCGTCCTTCTCCAGCCTCA	荧光定量PCR内参基因 Reference gene for RT-qPCR

图1 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实表型（A）与品质指标（B-G）*表示在P < 0.05 水平上差异显著，ns表示差异不显著

Fig. 1 Phenotypes (A) and quality indexes (B-G) of 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruits* indicates significant differences at P < 0.05 level, ns indicates no significant differences

图2 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实的火山图

Fig. 2 Volcano of 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruits

图3 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实差异表达基因的GO富集分析（A）、KEGG通路分析（B）及代谢途径差异基因的表达热图（C）

Fig. 3 GO enrichment analysis (A), KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes (B), and expressed heatmap involved in metabolites pathways in (C) 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruits

图4 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实差异表达基因的RT-qPCR验证

Fig. 4 RT-qPCR verification of differentially expressed genes in 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruits

图5 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’代谢物类别组成饼状图

Fig. 5 Pie chart of metabolite category composition in 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou'

图6 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实代谢物的主成分分析（A）和层次聚类分析（B）

Fig. 6 Principal components analysis (A) and hierarchical clustering analysis (B) of metabolites in 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruits

图7 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实代谢物的OPLS-DA得分图、模型验证图及差异代谢物分析A：OPLS-DA得分图；B：模型验证图；C：火山图；D：差异代谢物分类图；E：差异代谢物热图

Fig. 7 OPLS-DA score diagram and verification diagram of model of metabolites in 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruits, as well as analysis of differential metabolitesA: OPLS-DA score diagram. B: Verification diagram of model. C: Volcano plot. D: Classification of differential metabolites. E: The heatmap of differential metabolites

图8 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实差异代谢物的代谢通路富集分析A：KEGG分类图；B：差异丰度得分图

Fig. 8 Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites between 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruitsA: KEGG classification plot. B: Differential abundance score plot

图9 ‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实转录-代谢主要的映射通路A：相关性分析九象限图；B：KEGG富集分析；C：主要代谢通路的差异代谢物和差异基因分析

Fig. 9 Main common mapping pathways of transcription and metabolism in 'Guiyou No.1' and 'Shatianyou' fruitsA: Scatter plot of 9-quadrant associate analyses. B: KEGG enrichment analysis. C: Differential metabolites and genes analysis in major metabolic pathways

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转录组和代谢组联合解析‘桂柚1号’和‘沙田柚’果实品质差异

Integrate Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Fruits Quality Differences between ‘Guiyou No. 1’ and ‘Shatianyou’ Pomelo （Citrus maxima）

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