不同种植年限对黄芪根际土壤性质及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0847

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探明不同种植年限对黄芪根际土壤性质及微生物群落结构的影响，揭示导致黄芪连作障碍的关键因子与微生物群落演变之间的互作机制，为探索缓解黄芪连作障碍的微生态调控途径提供理论依据。方法采用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序法和常规分析方法，分析不同种植年限对土壤性质及根际土壤微生物群落多样性影响。结果（1）随种植年限增加，黄芪根际土壤pH值显著下降，有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加。种植5年后，过氧化氢酶显著升高，脲酶和蔗糖酶显著下降。（2）黄芪根际土壤细菌和真菌α-多样性指数均呈下降趋势，细菌群落中鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）、溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）的相对丰度显著增加，真菌群落中镰刀菌属（Fusarium）等潜在致病菌相对丰度显著增加。连作导致土壤细菌和真菌微生物网络稳定性下降。连作5年黄芪根际土壤细菌群落之间的关系以拮抗为主。子囊菌门在真菌共生网络中占主导地位。（3）pH、有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶对细菌群落组成相对丰度影响显著。pH、有效磷、碱解氮、脲酶对真菌群落多样性影响显著。结论黄芪连作通过改变土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落结构与互作关系，导致微生物多样性下降、病原菌增殖和网络稳定性减弱，最终引发连作障碍。

关键词: 黄芪, 连作, 土壤微生物群落, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of different planting years on the properties and microbial community structure of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus soil, clarify the interaction between key factors contributing to continuous cropping obstacles and microbial community evolution, and provide a theoretical basis for exploring microecological pathways to alleviate these obstacles. Method Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing and conventional analysis methods were used to analyze the changes in soil properties and rhizosphere microbial community diversity under different planting years. Result 1) With the planting years increasing, soil pH decreased significantly, while available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium content increased significantly. After 5 years of planting, catalase activity increased significantly, whereas urease and sucrose enzyme activities decreased significantly. 2) The α-diversity indices of both bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil showed a decreasing trend. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Lysobacter increased significantly in the bacterial community, while the relative abundance of potential pathogens such as Fusarium increased significantly in the fungal community. Continuous cropping reduced the stability of the bacterial and fungal molecular ecological networks. In the 5-year continuous cropping system, bacterial interactions were predominantly antagonistic. Ascomycota played a dominant role in the fungal co-occurrence network. 3) Soil pH, available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, urease, and alkaline phosphatase significantly influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial community. Soil pH, available phosphorus, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, and urease significantly affected fungal community diversity. Conclusion Continuous cropping of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus alters soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure and interactions, leading to reduced microbial diversity, increased pathogen proliferation, and weakened network stability, ultimately resulting in continuous cropping obstacles.

Key words: Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, continuous cropping, soil microbial community, soil enzyme activity

张英英, 吴之涛, 常浩, 徐志鹏, 杨小龙, 杨克泽, 魏玉杰. 不同种植年限对黄芪根际土壤性质及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0847.

ZHANG Ying-ying, WU Zhi-tao, CHANG Hao, XU Zhi-peng, YANG Xiao-long, YANG Ke-ze, WEI Yu-jie. Effects of Different Planting Years on Rhizosphere Soil Properties and Microbial Community Structure of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0847.

图/表 8

表1 不同种植年限对黄芪根际土壤化学性质和酶活性的影响

Table 1 Effects of different planting years on chemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil of Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus

指标 Index	CK	Y1	Y3	Y5
pH	8.09±0.03ab	8.20±0.03a	7.97±0.10bc	7.85±0.01c
电导率 Electrical conductivity （μs/cm）	185.30±26.59a	144.87±11.50a	225.70±61.68a	243.67±9.17a
有机质 Organic matter （g/kg）	48.20±1.24ab	44.81±1.65b	51.14±0.77a	48.37±1.94ab
全氮 Total nitrogen （g/kg）	2.56±0.06a	2.37±0.09ab	2.47±0.06ab	2.29±0.02b
碱解氮 Available nitrogen （mg/kg）	436.17±60.89ab	423.78±18.17bc	543.41±26.82a	316.67±13.45c
有效磷 Available phosphorus （mg/kg）	32.50±5.77b	28.42±1.18b	29.50±5.13b	55.83±2.26a
速效钾 Available phosphorus （mg/kg）	100.67±3.84b	90.00±5.51b	118.00±15.10ab	131.67±1.67a
脲酶 Urease activity （μg NH₄⁺-N·g^-1 DW·d^-1）	4.09±0.18a	3.70±0.19a	4.07±0.04a	2.70±0.14b
蔗糖酶 Invertasc activity （mg reducing sugar·g^-1 DW·d^-1）	77.64±1.21a	62.76±3.15b	69.49±1.20ab	60.54±5.26b
碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase activity （μmol phenol·g^-1 DW·d^-1）	2.71±0.14a	2.65±0.15a	2.74±0.04a	2.16±0.07b
过氧化氢酶 Catalase activity （μmol H₂O₂ degraded^-1 DW·d^-1 ）	0.07±0.00b	0.1±0.01ab	0.08±0.00b	0.12±0.01a

图1 不同种植年限黄芪根际土壤微生物细菌门和细菌属水平上的群落组成A：土壤微生物细菌门水平分类组成 B：土壤微生物细菌属水平的分类组成

Fig. 1 Community composition of soil bacterial phyla and genera in the rhizosphere of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under different planting yearsA: Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in soils at the phylum level. B: Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in soils at the genus level

图2 不同连作年限黄芪根际土壤微生物真菌门和真菌属水平上的群落组成A：土壤微生物真菌门水平分类组成 B：土壤微生物真菌属水平的分类组成

Fig. 2 Community composition of soil fungi phyla and genera in the rhizosphere of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under different planting yearsA: Taxonomic composition of fungi communities in soils at the phylum level. B: Taxonomic composition of fungi communities in soils at the genus level

图3 土壤微生物群落NMDS分析A：土壤细菌群落NMDS分析 B：土壤真菌群落NMDS分析

Fig. 3 NMDS analysis of soil microbial communityA： NMDS analysis of the soil bacterial community. B： NMDS analysis of the soil fungal community

表2 不同种植年限黄芪根际细菌和真菌网络拓扑结构

Table 2 Topological properties of bacterial and fungal networks around A. membranaceus var. mongholicus rhizosphere

类别Classification	处理Treatment	节点数Total nods	边数Total links	平均度Average degree	网络直径Network diameter	模块化Modularity	平均聚类系数Average clustering coefficient	正相关Positivity	负相关Negative
细菌 Bacteria	CK	305	470	1.57	10	0.962	0.326	53.37	46.63
	Y1	300	520	1.91	10	0.937	0.338	54.02	45.98
	Y3	308	533	1.78	15	0.917	0.295	54.41	45.59
	Y5	300	488	1.63	7	0.906	0.331	46.52	53.48
真菌 Fungus	CK	241	3 167	26.82	13	0.75	0.91	87.81	12.19
	Y1	241	3 639	30.199	19	0.727	0.87	89.2	10.8
	Y3	238	3 890	32.282	24	0.694	0.876	91.31	8.69
	Y5	154	1 105	14.351	13	0.577	0.951	93.47	6.43

图4 不同种植年限黄芪根际土壤微生物群落生态网络分析A、B、C、D分别代表种植0年、1年、3年、5年的土壤细菌微生物网络；E、F、G、H分别代表种植0年、1年、3年、5年的土壤真菌微生物网络

Fig. 4 Ecological network analysis of microbial communities around rhizosphere soil of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus with different planting yearsA, B, C, and D refers to the soil bacterial microbial networks for 0, 1, 3, and 5 years of cultivation, respectively. E, F, G, and H refers to the soil fungal microbial networks for 0, 1, 3, and 5 years of cultivation, respectively

图5 不同种植年限黄芪根际土壤微生物和环境因子的Mental分析A：细菌群落Mental分析 B：真菌群落Mental分析

Fig. 5 Mental analysis of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and environmental factors of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus with different planting yearsA: Mental analysis of the bacterial community. B: Mental analysis of the fungal community

图6 土壤环境因子与微生物群落RDA分析A：细菌群落RDA分析 B：真菌群落RDA分析

Fig. 6 RDA analysis of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial communityA: RDA analysis of the bacterial community. B: RDA analysis of the fungal community

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