Modulation of the Growth， Quality， and Cadmium Content of Lily Bulbs by Bacillus velezensis XY40-1

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1245

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of Bacillus velezensis XY40-1 microbial agent on the yield and quality of lily bulbs. Additionally, it seeks to elucidate its impact on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and heavy metal transport functions, with the ultimate goal of providing a scientific foundation for efficient lily cultivation and soil health management. Method A drip irrigation system was used to apply the microbial agent during the lily growth process. The fresh weight, dry weight, as well as the protein, polysaccharide, total saponin content, and cadmium accumulation in the lily bulbs were measured. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, while metagenomic analysis was used to examine the expression patterns of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism and cadmium transport. Result After the application of XY40-1 microbial agent, the soil pH increased to 5.41, and the content of available potassium rose by 31.15%. The fresh weight and dry weight of individual lily bulbs increased by 18.89% and 19.49%, respectively, while the yield per mu was enhanced by 16.47%. Moreover, the protein content in the lily bulbs increased by 15.1%, polysaccharide content by 11.5%, and total saponin content by 21.4%, while cadmium accumulation decreased by 11.45%. Microbial community analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota significantly increased in the treatment group, while the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. Metagenomic data indicated a significant upregulation of nitrogen fixation genes (nifD, nifH), nitrate reduction genes (narG, napA), and cadmium resistance genes (czcA, czcD). Conclusion B. velezensis XY40-1 significantly enhances lily yield and quality, while reducing cadmium accumulation in the bulbs, by improving soil physicochemical properties, optimizing microbial community structure, and activating key metabolic function genes.

Key words: Lilium lancifolium, Bacillus velezensis, microbiome, metagenomics, nitrogen metabolism, cadmium pollution

ZHANG Jin-hao, DENG Hui, ZHANG Qing-zhuang, TAO Yu, ZHOU Chi, LI Xin. Modulation of the Growth， Quality， and Cadmium Content of Lily Bulbs by Bacillus velezensis XY40-1[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 281-291.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties

处理

Treatment

总氮 Total nitrogen （g/kg）

总磷 Total phosphorus （g/kg）

总钾 Total potassium （g/kg）

有机质 Organic matter （g/kg）

水解氮 Hydrolyzable nitrogen （mg/kg）

有效磷 Available phosphorus （mg/kg）

速效钾 Available potassium （mg/kg）

Fig. 1 Total cadmium and the contents of the five fractions of cadmium in the soil

Table 2 α diversity index of microorganisms

微生物类型 Type of microorganism	处理 Treatment	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index	覆盖率 Coverage （%）
真菌 Fungi	CK	5.946±0.07a	0.91±0.004a	1 361.69±12.11a	1 358.058±11.523a	99.99
真菌 Fungi	T	5.791±0.04b	0.91±0.005a	1 322.22±6.266a	1 305.827±4.777a	99.99
细菌 Bacteria	CK	8.39±0.02a	0.98±0.000 3a	1 257.31±2.87a	1 254.28±2.837a	99.99
细菌 Bacteria	T	8.55±0.04b	0.99±0.000 7b	868.12±3.56.33b	865.722±4.61b	99.99

Fig. 2 Relative abundances at bacterial phylum and genus levelA: Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities under different treatments at the phylum level; B: taxonomic composition of bacterial communities under different treatments at the genus level; C: principal component analysis (PCA) of bacterial communities

Fig. 3 Composition and yield indicators for lily tubersA: Lily bulb compositional changes. B: Cadmium content in lily. C: Changes in lily yield

Fig. 4 Changes in soil microbial abundances around lily rhizosphereA: Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in soils at the phylum level; B: taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in soils at the genus level

Fig. 5 Changes in soil microbial abundance and gene function around lily rhizosphereA: Nitrogen metabolism pathways. B: Heatmap of expressions of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in soil bacteria under different treatments. C: Heatmap of expressions of cadmium-related genes in soil bacteria under different treatments

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis at the phylum levelA, C: Redundancy analysis (RDA) of bacterial (A) and fungal (C) communities based on relative abundances at phylum level and soil properties in individual samples. B, D: Heatmap of the Spearman correlation coefficient between Cd fractions and abundant bacterial (B) and fungal (D) phyla. Ex-Cd: Exchangeable cadmium. The same below

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis at the phylum levelA: Redundancy analysis based on the relative abundances of microbial communities at the phylum level and soil cadmium fractions in individual samples. B: Heatmap of the Spearman correlation coefficient between cadmium fractions and microbial phyla

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