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Research Progresses on WOX Family Genes in Regulating Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Response FENG Shan-shan, WANG Lu, ZHOU Yi, WANG You-ping, FANG Yu-jie Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1098 Abstract （555）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （2910KB）（644）       Knowledge map    Save The WOX（WUSCHEL-related homeobox）proteins comprise a plant-specific transcription factor family, which contain a DNA-binding homeodomain（HD）consisting of 65-66 amino acid residues. WOX family members are involved in important biological processes such as plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stress by regulating the expressions of target genes at the transcriptional level. This article reviews the classification and structural characteristics of plant WOX family members, and focusing on the functional research progress in the regulation of plant growth and development（such as root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed, and embryo）and plant responses to abiotic（including drought, salt, and cold）stresses. The significance of studying of WOX transcription factors and the issues to be solved are also prospected, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the function of WOX family genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Regulation of Plant Branch Development WANG Bing, ZHAO Hui-na, YU Jing, YU Shi-zhou, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 14-22.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1112 Abstract （512）   HTML （69）    PDF（pc） （1205KB）（968）       Knowledge map    Save The development of plant branches is crucial to plant morphology, and the shape of side branches directly affects its yield. The development of side branches is formed by the continuous division and differentiation of stem cells at the growth point, including lateral meristem specialization, lateral meristem initiation and lateral meristem outgrowth. It is jointly regulated by internal growth factors and external environmental signals. This article systematically sums up the basic issues of the origin, formation and dormancy of lateral growth point stem cells during the development of side branching, then also summarizes the mechanism of the formation and development of lateral meristems determined by co-action of transcription factors, hormones, epigenetics, and external environment that determine, providing a reference for exploring the formation mechanism of plant side branches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Design of Ideal Plant Architecture for High-density Tolerance of Maize Plant WANG Bao-bao, WANG Hai-yang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 11-30.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0660 Abstract （418）   HTML （41）    PDF（pc） （1778KB）（1070）       Knowledge map    Save Maize（Zea mays L.）is the most productive grain crop in the world. Sufficient and stable production of maize is of great importance for ensuring worldwide food security. Long-term studies and maize production practice have shown that increasing density tolerance and planting density of maize varieties is crucial for increasing its yield, and breeding an ideal plant architecture is an important way to improve maize density tolerance. Previous reports indicate that more erected leaf angle, lower ear height, fewer tassel branches, and earlier flowering were important components of ideal plant architecture of maize for adapting to high-density planting. Hereby we intend to summarize the research progress in their relationship of four morphological traits with high-density tolerance, their morphological development, and genetic regulation. We also propose several directions for further research on improving density tolerant plant architecture in maize, aiming to provide some useful references for future breeding high-density tolerant maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Grain Size Regulation Related to Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways YAO Sha-sha, WANG Jing-jing, WANG Jun-jie, LIANG Wei-hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 80-90.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0273 Abstract （349）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （2275KB）（776）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is a major food crop for humans, and how to effectively improve its yield and quality is a major scientific concern. Rice grain size is one of the main factors affecting yield, and research on the regulation of rice grain development is an important guide for using molecular design breeding to improve yield and quality. Grain size is determined by a combination of the length, width and thickness of the grain; it is a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes, and is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality. In recent years, a large number of quantitative trait loci（QTLs）related to grain size have been identified through the study of mutants with seed development defects in rice, and some related genes have been cloned and identified, and the complex signalling pathways regulating grain size in rice are gradually being elucidated. Several studies have found that functional genes regulating rice seed development are involved in the synthesis, catabolism and transport of plant hormones as well as the signal transduction pathways of plant hormones. This review outlines the basic process of rice endosperm development, summarizes the overall the overall understanding of the dynamic changes of plant hormones during endosperm development, focuses on the current research status of QTLs related to phytohormone signalling pathways associated with rice grain size, summarizes and analyses the relationship between the pathways related to cytokinin, brassinosteroid, growth hormone, gibberellin, ethylene and jasmonic acid and grain size regulation, and further sorts out the regulation network of rice grain shape-related phytohormone signaling. It is aimed to provide a reference for identifying and analyzing the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone regulation of rice grain size, and to provide new ideas for rice molecular design breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dense Planting for High Yield - The Key Goal of Maize Breeding in China YAN Jian-bing, ZHAO Jiu-ran Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 1-3.   Abstract （342）   HTML （54）    PDF（pc） （1061KB）（551）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research in Maize Dwarf Genes and Dwarf Breeding WANG Tian-yi, WANG Rong-huan, WANG Xia-qing, ZHANG Ru-yang, XU Rui-bin, JIAO Yan-yan, SUN Xuan, WANG Ji-dong, SONG Wei, ZHAO Jiu-ran Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 43-51.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0504 Abstract （338）   HTML （44）    PDF（pc） （1112KB）（699）       Knowledge map    Save Plant height is an important agronomic trait which affects maize architecture and planting density. Breeding plants with dwarf/semi-dwarf architectures could tolerate high-density planting and contribute to yield increase. However, most dwarf mutants have severely reduced yield and are difficult to be applied in breeding. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the regulation mechanism of maize plant height and to find out the excellent allele variation in plant height genes. It can improve the plant-type of maize, increase the light use efficiency and enhance the tolerance of population to water and fertilizer. Here we reviewed the quantitative trait locus of plant height excavated so far. We also explained that the cloned genes related to plant height are mainly regulated by plant hormones, microtubule-associated proteins and flower factors. Then we summarized the application and limitations of brachytic2 gene in maize dwarf breeding research, and looked forward to the important value of dwarf favorable alleles and their molecular markers, as well as modern biotechnology in the creation of dwarf germplasm resources. These efforts will promote the research on the genetic mechanism of maize plant height, and provide reference for the molecular breeding of dwarf maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on the Expressions of Foreign Proteins in Plants JIANG Min-xuan, LI Kang, LUO Liang, LIU Jian-xiang, LU Hai-ping Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 110-122.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0662 Abstract （335）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （2614KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save The system using plants as hosts to express foreign proteins is called molecular farming. The production of foreign proteins in plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has the advantages of high efficiency, safety and low cost. Especially, protein post-translational modification in plants can make up for the defects of the prokaryotic expression system. In this review, we firstly introduce advances in tobacco leaf transient expression or rice endosperm specific expression, especially some typical examples of producing pharmaceutical proteins, medical compounds, and vaccines in molecular farming. In terms of optimizing bioreactors and improving expression efficiency, we then focus the regulation in protein post-translation, including the role of protease inhibitors, and the effects of glycosylation modification processes, and molecular chaperones co-expression on the expressions of foreign proteins. Finally, based on the foreign proteins accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum（ER）would induce stress to ER, we propose the feasibility of increasing expression efficiency of foreign proteins by optimizing the ER environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Analysis Techniques ZHANG Xue-ping, LU Yu-qing, ZHANG Yue-qian, LI Xiao-juan Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 32-43.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1106 Abstract （327）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1860KB）（505）       Knowledge map    Save Extracellular vesicles（EVs）are nanoscale vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer structure released by cells through exocytosis under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs, as carriers of information such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, can shuttle between cells to play function of material transfer and information exchange, thus they are important for intercellular communication. In recent years, the research of EVs in plant has also been deepening, and there have been great progress in their research and analysis technologies. In this review, we briefly introduce the composition of extracellular vesicles. Then we summarize the current progress in the biological functions of EVs in plants. Furthermore, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of EV isolation and enrichment methods, as well as the application of EVs in situ imaging technology. Finally, we prospect the potential technologies for the research of plant EVs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Regulating Host Intestinal Immunity SHA Shan-shan, DONG Shi-rong, YANG Yu-ju Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 126-136.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1530 Abstract （315）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1574KB）（308）       Knowledge map    Save The gut microbiota is a stable and complex microecosystem. After a long period of evolution, these microorganisms have established a stable symbiotic relationship with the host. The activity of the microorganism directly affects the health of the host. They not only play an important role in digestion and metabolism of host nutrients and body development, but also are closely related to host immunity and disease. The interaction mechanism between the gut microbiota and the body's immune system is very complex, and it has not yet been fully elucidated by various environmental factors. Microbial metabolites and microbial-body co-metabolites play an important role in regulating immune function, which gradually attract researchers’ attention. Therefore, on the basis of introducing the intestine and its role in host defense, this article reviews how intestinal microbes and metabolites in the intestine promote the development of the host's immune system and regulate the host's immune response. The purpose is to provide a reference for further research on the interaction between gut microbiota and metabolites and the body's immune system, and concurrently to provide a theoretical basis for nutritional measures to improve the intestinal health of livestock and poultry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Important Traits Genes in Cassava XIAO Liang, WU Zheng-dan, LU Liu-ying, SHI Ping-li, SHANG Xiao-hong, CAO Sheng, ZENG Wen-dan, YAN Hua-bing Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 31-48.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1274 Abstract （312）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1228KB）（209）       Knowledge map    Save Cassava（Manihot esculenta Crantz）is an important food crop, cash crop and energy crop in global tropical regions, but the biology research and breeding progress have lagged behind major food crops. Molecular breeding is the important driving force for cassava genetic improvement. Discovery the genes related to important traits is the foundation and premise for the transformation from traditional breeding to molecular breeding. In this paper, systematically, we recapitulate recent progress on the genes related to the traits, such as plant morphology, yield, tuber quality, stress resistance, in cassava, also functional characterization of some genes. We further point out that both of constructing self-crossing population and multiple-omics data integrated are important ways to discovery the key genes in cassava in the future. This paper aims to provide reference for promoting the application of results of functional genome studies in the construction of cassava breeding technology system, and provide theoretical guidance for cassava genetic improvement. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Uniconazole Alleviating Plant Drought Damage DING Kai-xin, WANG Li-chun, TIAN Guo-kui, WANG Hai-yan, LI Feng-yun, PAN Yang, PANG Ze, SHAN Ying Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 1-11.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1352 Abstract （299）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （1791KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Save The abnormal global climate change has caused dramatic variation in the water cycle worldwide, and extreme weather and drought and flood disasters have occurred frequently. Drought has become one of the most common non-stress biological stresses in agricultural production. Drought stress can directly or indirectly affect the photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and endogenous hormone levels of plants, thereby reducing crop yield and quality and seriously restricting agricultural production. Uniconazole has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum and rapidity. It has the functions of dwarfing plants, preventing lodging and increasing the content of chlorophyll. It also plays an important role in plant tolerance and resistance to stress. Exogenous uniconazole alleviates the damage of drought stress on plant physical and chemical processes. In this review we systematically summarized the effects of drought stress on the physical and chemical processes of plants, and clarified the stress response of plants to drought stress from the aspects of photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, stress physiology, endogenous hormone levels and stress resistance gene expression. Further we analyzed the positive effects of exogenous uniconazole on regulating reactive oxygen species metabolism and antioxidant defense system, increasing osmotic adjustment substance content, regulating endogenous hormone levels and inducing gene expression under drought stress. Finally, we pointed out the research status and development trend of exogenous uniconazole alleviating drought stress, which provide direction and basis for future research on drought resistance of crop production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Microbial Single Cell Separation Methods ZHANG Kun, YAN Chang, TIAN Xin-peng Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (9): 1-11.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1506 Abstract （295）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （8911KB）（357）       Knowledge map    Save Most microorganisms in nature are in an uncultured state，which are called “microbial dark matter”. With the development of technology innovations in microbial single-cell separation, significant progress has been made in applying new technologies and methods to the challenges of microbial pure-culture. These new separation and culture strategies will greatly promote the development of microbial resources research. Despite the increasing achievements related to metagenomics and genomics, the isolation and cultivation of single microbial cells are still essential to systematically study their ecological functions, genetic evolution, and so on. This paper mainly summarizes the principle and application of membrane diffusion culture, microfluidic sorting, fluorescence activated cell sorting, single cell Raman sorting, optical tweezers technology, micromanipulation technology and other single cell separation technologies currently used or under development, as well as their advantages and disadvantages in microbial single cell isolation and culture. At the same time, the paper also discusses development and application prospects of single-cell separation technologies in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epigenetic Regulation of Yield-related Traits in Maize and Epibreeding ZHANG Dao-lei, GAN Yu-jun, LE Liang, PU Li Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 31-42.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0378 Abstract （294）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1928KB）（506）       Knowledge map    Save Crop phenotypic diversity is influenced by many factors, and epigenetic variation can control crop traits and stress response through epigenetic modification to regulate gene expressions, and then affect crop yield. The main agronomic traits affecting maize yield include plant height, leaf angle and root. In addition, germplasm resources, biotic stress and abiotic stress are also key factors affecting maize yield. The main epigenetic regulation modes in crops include histone modification, DNA modification, RNA modification, non-coding RNA and chromatin remodeling. In this review, the epigenetic mechanism of the main agronomic traits in maize is summarized from the perspective of epigenetic regulation, and the new strategy of epigenetics-mediated crop breeding（epibreeding）to improve maize yield is proposed in combination with CRISPR/Cas-based epigenome editing technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Expression Analysis of the Tobacco TCP Gene Family ZHANG Lu-yang, HAN Wen-long, XU Xiao-wen, YAO Jian, LI Fang-fang, TIAN Xiao-yuan, ZHANG Zhi-qiang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 248-258.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1141 Abstract （294）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （4409KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save TCP gene is a plant-specific transcription factor, and plays an important role in plant growth and development. The identification of tobacco TCP gene family may provide theoretical basis for the study of tobacco TCP gene function and genetic improvement. Based on the whole genome data of tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.）, the tobacco TCP gene family was identified by BLAST, and the physicochemical properties, gene structure, protein domain, chromosome distribution, phylogeny evolution and promoter analysis of the family members were analyzed by bioinformatics. The expressions of TCP gene family in various tissues of different flue-cured tobacco varieties were verified via RT-qPCR. A total of 20 TCP genes were identified in tobacco, and they were divided into two categories, Class I and Class II. The known TCP genes were located on different chromosomes and were unevenly distributed, and all TCP genes had conserved domains. The cis-elements of growth, development and hormone response were significantly enriched in the promoter regions of the TCP gene family, and some TCP genes also had low-temperature stress elements; 20 NtTCP genes were expressed to different degrees in different tissues and leaves of K326 and Ti706, and NtTCP genes were expressed in tobacco K326 and Ti706, and the expressions were tissue-specific. The expressions of subfamily Class I genes were higher in 6 tissues and leaves at seedling stage, while the expressions of subfamily Class II genes were higher in seedling leaves, upper leaves and middle leaves. The results revealed that the members of tobacco TCP gene family play an important role in the growth and development of tobacco, which provides a basis for exploring the biological functions of tobacco TCP gene family. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Liquiritin ZHOU Ding-ding, LI Hui-hu, TANG Xing-yong, YU Fa-xin, KONG Dan-yu, LIU Yi Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 44-53.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1249 Abstract （287）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3519KB）（574）       Knowledge map    Save Licorice（Gan-Cao）is a popular herbal medicine derived from the dried roots and stolons of special species in the genus Glycyrrhiza（Fabaceae）and is recorded in the pharmacopoeias of many countries. Various critical secondary metabolites provide licorice many important pharmaceutical activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory. Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin are the most important bioactive compounds in licorice. In recent years, the biosynthesis and regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in licorice have been well-studied. In this review, we introduce the biosynthetic pathways of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin, and summarize progress of the regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin biosynthesis. At last, we propose future perspectives for studying the biosynthesis and regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in licorice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Flower Petal Coloration and Molecular Breeding ZHANG He-chen, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Xiao-chen, WANG Hui-juan, LI Yan-min, WANG Li-min, FU Zhen-zhu, LI Bao-yin Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 23-31.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1229 Abstract （284）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （2063KB）（546）       Knowledge map    Save Flavonoids/anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains are the main chemical substances for the coloration of flower petals. Among them, flavonoids/anthocyanins are the most widespread pigments determining the coloration of flower petals in most plants; whereas carotenoids play an important role in the color rendering of yellow to orange red petals in some specific plants. Betalains specially exists in some Caryophyllaceaes, including betaxanthins and betacyanins. At present, the molecular networks of their biosynthesis have been elucidated, and mainly controlled by a series of structural genes. Some regulators related to the pigment synthesis have been also identified in many plants. Moreover, the molecular breeding based on exogenous gene expression or endogenous gene editing have been successfully applied in the coloration improvements of some ornamental plants. In this review, the molecular basis, regulatory mechanism and molecular breeding application for the synthesis of three types of pigments in plants are systematically summarized. It is conducive for us to improve our understanding of the pigments synthesis-related regulatory network in plants, and expected to provide an theoretical support for future molecular breeding of flower colorations in ornamental plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances in the Treatment of Inflammation Bowel Disease Using Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 CHEN Cai-ping, REN Hao, LONG Teng-fei, HE Bing, LU Zhao-xiang, SUN Jian Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 109-118.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1027 Abstract （278）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1878KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Save Inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）is a general term of a group of specific intestinal diseases, mainly manifested as chronic and recurrent intestinal inflammation. The burden of IBD has been a global health concern since its incidence and prevalence are elevating rapidly, which has seriously affected people's life and health quality. Over the past decades, tremendous studies underlined the association between incidence of IBD with imbalance of intestinal flora. Therefore, the treatment strategy based on probiotics has become the focus, among of them Escherichia coli Nissle 1917（EcN）has received accumulative attentions. In the current work, we focused on the application and mechanisms of EcN in the treatment of IBD, systematically reviewed the probiotic properties of EcN and its application for treating IBD through regulating epithelial integrity, immune-modulation, mucus protection and gut microbiota homeostasis. Furthermore, the future perspectives on formulating novel therapies based on engineered EcN were discussed, highlighting the applicable and feasible strategies of EcN in IBD curing and prevention. Besides, the prospects for further research in this field were given, providing ideas and references for further in-depth research on the EcN treatment of IBD. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Single Cell Transcriptome Sequencing Technology and Its Application in Caenorhabditis elegans ZHAO Jin-ling, AN Lei, REN Xiao-liang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 158-170.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1190 Abstract （278）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （1201KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Save Single cell transcriptome sequencing technology enables people to get rid of the interference of cell heterogeneity，thus realizing the exploration of gene expression and transcriptional regulation mechanism at single cell level，as well as the recognition of different cell subpopulations and special cell types，which is of great significance to the research in the field of phylogeny. The traditional model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has become an important model for single-cell transcriptomic research in recent years because of its fixed number of somatic cells and clear trajectory of cell differentiation. This paper summarizes the development of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology and its application in the research of cell lineage analysis，single-cell trajectory inference and neuronal cell Atlas of C. elegans，and further prospects the future research direction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of bHLH Gene Family in Plants and Its Application Prospects in Medical Plants AN Chang, LU Lin, SHEN Meng-qian, CHEN Sheng-zhen, YE Kang-zhuo, QIN Yuan, ZHENG Ping Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (10): 1-16.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0243 Abstract （277）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （3127KB）（499）       Knowledge map    Save The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor represents the second largest family of transcription factors in the plant kingdom. It is widely distributed across the genomes of various plants and plays crucial regulatory roles in plant growth, development, secondary metabolism, and responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we present a comprehensive review focusing on the structural characteristics, taxonomic rules, and biological functions of the bHLH gene family, with particular emphasis on its involvement in plant growth, development, responses to abiotic stresses (such as drought, low temperature, salt, and heavy metals), and its significant role in the biosynthesis and dynamic accumulation of secondary metabolites. This thorough investigation allows for a deeper understanding of the contributions of bHLH to growth, development, stress resistance, and quality formation in plants. Moreover, it provides valuable insights for future research concerning the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bHLH in plant growth, development, stress resistance, quality formation, and the exploration of germplasm resources. Furthermore, bHLH has emerged as a prominent focus in the realms of molecular biopharmacology and ecological agriculture of Chinese medicine due to its extensive involvement in regulating the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. We also summarize recent progress on the bHLH gene family and its members within two medicinal plants, namely Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Artemisia annua. This investigation aims to offer valuable references for in-depth studies on the bHLH gene family in medicinal plants and to propose novel ideas for the advancement of molecular breeding and anthropomorphic cultivation of medicinal plants, as well as the development of ecological agriculture for Chinese medicine. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in lncRNA and Their Responses to Low Temperature Stress in Plant CHEN Xiao, YU Ming-lan, WU Long-kun, ZHENG Xiao-ming, PANG Hong-bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0051 Abstract （271）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （2660KB）（326）       Knowledge map    Save Low temperature is a major limiting factor for plant growth and production, affecting planting range, crop yield, quality, and even causing death. To cope with low-temperature stress, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms. lncRNAs are a group of transcripts generated by genomic transcription and found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. In recent years, researches have shown that lncRNAs respond to low-temperature stress in plants through mechanisms such as polyadenylation, synergistic effects with specific proteases, and competitive binding with miRNAs. This review provides a summary of the definition, origin, and classification of lncRNAs, with a focus on their roles in low-temperature stress response in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and agro-economic crops. The findings presented in this review will serve as a valuable reference for those studying plant low-temperature tolerance mechanisms and molecular breeding for cold-tolerance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modification of Pichia pastoris for Erythritol Production by Metabolic Engineering ZHAO Si-jia, WANG Xiao-lu, SUN Ji-lu, TIAN Jian, ZHANG Jie Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 137-147.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0138 Abstract （271）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （5136KB）（432）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to construct an erythritol-producing strain using Pichia pastoris as the chassis cell. An erythritol-producing P. pastoris strain was developed by regulating the expression of phosphofructokinase gene（pfk）in glycolysis pathway, knocking out the genes associated with the production of by-products arabitol and ribitol, and overexpressing 4-phosphate erythrose phosphorylase, erythrose reductase and sugar alcohol phosphatase genes derived from different organisms. Next, we investigated the effects of overexpressions of erythrose reductase and two key enzymes transketolase（TKL）and ribulose-phosphate epimerase（RPE）involved in pentose phosphate pathway on the erythritol production. The results showed that strain C8 harboring pyp1 gene derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and yidA gene derived from Escherichia coli had the ability to produce erythritol. The erythritol production of the C8 strain in shake-flask fermentation was 30 mg/L. Furthermore, the overexpression of tkl and rpe genes enhanced the erythritol production of C10 strain by about 40-fold. The erythritol production of C10 reached 1.2 and 10.6 g/L in the shake-flask and high-cell-density fermentations, respectively. Further the overexpression of erythrose reductase did not cause the erythritol production increased, while caused the production of by-products increased. In this study, the erythritol synthetic pathway was successfully constructed in P. pastoris for the first time, which laid a foundation for engineering P. pastoris for efficient production of erythritol and other high-value compounds. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Rice Plant Height-associated QTL Using BSA-seq and RNA-seq WU Yuan-ming, LIN Jia-yi, LIU Yu-xi, LI Dan-ting, ZHANG Zong-qiong, ZHENG Xiao-ming, PANG Hong-bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 173-184.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0386 Abstract （270）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （5363KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save The stability of rice yield is significantly influenced by plant height, making it as a crucial factor. The identification of plant height-associated QTLs and mining of candidate genes are conducive to comprehending the molecular regulatory mechanisms that determines plant height, which may lay a foundation for breeding ideal rice varieties. This study employed 285 CSSL populations derived from the parental strains of Oryza sativa var. Youzhan 8 and wild rice from Guangxi as the experimental cohort. The study utilized SNP and InDel molecular markers, in conjunction with NGS and BSA-seq techniques, to conduct an association analysis aimed at identifying genomic regions that are potentially associated with plant height. As results, the molecular markers Δ（SNP-index）were discovered to have an association with candidate genomic regions of 3.205 and 1.311 Mb in Chr.7 and Chr.10, respectively. The genomic regions linked with Δ（InDel-index）markers were of sizes 2.848 and 1.292 Mb, and were entirely encompassed within the intervals associated with Δ（SNP-index）. Through the integration of functional annotation in GO, KEGG, Uniprot, and eggNOG databases, as well as high-quality polymorphic site screening and existing transcriptome data pertaining to plant height, five candidate genes located in Chr.7 were ultimately linked to this trait, including the previously characterized OsTCP21 function and mechanism. The qRT-PCR findings were consistent with prior research, revealing differential expression of OsTCP21 in tall and dwarf plants. Specifically, LOC_Os07g05050 and LOC_Os07g02850 demonstrated elevated expressions in tall plants, whereas LOC_Os07g04220 and LOC_Os07g02770 had higher expressions in dwarf plants. The regulation of rice plant height is significantly influenced by five candidate genes, with OsTCP21 being identified as a pivotal regulatory gene. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of OsCRK5-interacted Proteins in Rice Using Yeast Two-hybrid System WANG Zi-ying, LONG Chen-jie, FAN Zhao-yu, ZHANG Lei Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (9): 117-125.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0090 Abstract （263）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （22652KB）（151）       Knowledge map    Save Rice（Oryza sativa L.）is an important food crop, research on the regulation mechanism of rice growth and development can lay a theoretical foundation for the improvement of rice varieties. Calcium dependent protein kinases（CDPKs）are important protein kinases in plants which participate in plant growth and development, as well as in response to environmental reactions. CRK5（CDPK related kinase 5）in rice is highly homologous to CDPK in protein sequence and structure. Yeast two-hybrid screening library technology was used to screen OsCRK5 interacting proteins related to plant drought resistance in order to explore the molecular mechanism of OsCRK5 participating in drought response in rice plants. Firstly, the 1-1 332 bp fragment of OsCRK5 was cloned into the plastmid pGBKT7, and the bait vector pGBKT7-OsCRK5 was obtained. After verification by sequencing, the bait vector was transformed into the yeast strain Y2H Gold.It was observed that the recombinant protein didn't demonstrate the toxic effects and self-activation in selective nutrition medium, and the expression of the recombinant protein was analyzed by Western blot. Furthermore, the interacting proteins of OsCRK5 were screened from the rice cDNA library and 77 positive clones were obtained. The functional prediction showed that the interacting proteins were involved in protein synthesis, degradation and storage process, transcriptional regulation, cell growth and division process, energy metabolism and cell metabolic processes. Finally, OsWR1 and OsDi19-1 related to plant drought stress response were selected from positive clones. The interaction between OsCRK5 and OsWR1 and OsDi19-1 was verified by yeast two-hybrid and biomolecular fluorescence complementation experiments. The results lay a foundation for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of Plant Sensing Drought Signals YU Bo, QIN Xiao-hui, ZHAO Yang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 6-17.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0763 Abstract （262）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （2347KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save Drought causes osmotic stress and is the most serious natural disaster leading to crop failure. Ever since Darwin studied how plants sense and respond to drought, we have understood the mechanism of ABA（abscisic acid）signaling and gained some clues about drought and osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. In this review, we summarized recent advances in plant osmotic stress sensing and signaling. We proposed the putative manners of signal inputs during drought and osmotic stresses and discussed how plants sense and transduce these signals. We also discussed the core scientific questions and made perspective about the future directions in this field, aiming to provide clues for crop genetic improvement with drought resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Prospects of Maize Super High Yield Research in China LIU Yue-e, XU Tian-jun, CAI Wan-tao, LYU Tian-fang, ZHANG Yong, XUE Hong-he, WANG Rong-huan, ZHAO Jiu-ran Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 52-61.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0555 Abstract （260）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1088KB）（733）       Knowledge map    Save Maize, as the largest grain crop with the largest planting area and highest total yield in China, is crucial for food and feed security in China. In the increasingly tense situation of arable land resources, the space for expanding the area of crop in China is limited in the future, and the increase in crop production mainly relies on the increase in yield per unit area. In 2023, the No. 1 Central Document of the Central Government clearly proposed that we should pay full attention to grain production, carry out the construction of 1 t grain yield per 667 m2, and implement the project of increasing maize yield per unit area. The super high yield of maize is the embodiment of the highest level of excellent cultivars, production conditions, and cultivation management techniques. This article comprehensively elaborates on the policy support, current status of high yield records, distribution and meteorological characteristics of super high yield fields, and technical key points for creating super high yield. On this basis, suggestions are put forward for the large-scale high-yield creation of maize in China, including increasing scientific research investment, strengthening the breeding of new cultivars, strengthening the integration of cultivation techniques for demonstration and promotion, and strengthening the construction of farmland infrastructure. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Application and Establishment of Bovine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ZENG Hong, ZENG Rui-lin, FU Wei, JI Wen-hui, LAN Dao-liang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 130-141.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1371 Abstract （260）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （2594KB）（269）       Knowledge map    Save Induce pluripotent stem cells（iPSCs）refer to a class of stem cell lines that reprogram terminally differentiated somatic cells into infinite proliferation and regeneration and have multiple cell types differentiated into three germ layers by introducing specific transcription factors. At present, many important achievements have been made in the research of iPSCs in humans and mice, but no breakthrough has been made in the research of iPSCs in other animals, such as cattle and other economic ungulates. How to efficiently and safely introduce foreign transcription factors into somatic cells through reprogramming vectors and continuously express them is the main bottleneck in the production of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells. This article reviews the selection of reprogramming system, induction factors and small molecule compounds in the establishment of bovine iPSCs, aiming to provide reference for further improvement of biPSCs and the establishment of bovine embryonic stem cell lines. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Plant Cell Wall Structure and Imaging Technology ZHANG Man, ZHANG Ye-zhuo, HE Qi-zou-hong, E Yi-lan, LI Ye Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 113-122.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1347 Abstract （259）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （2581KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save Plant cell wall is a complex cross-linking network that provide mechanical support for plant cells during growth, development and adaptation to a changing environment. It has the functions of regulating plant morphology, resisting stress, transporting water, etc. In addition, most of the biomass accumulated by plant photosynthesis is stored in the cell wall. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the composition and structure of the cell wall for better utilization of plant energy. The nano-microstructure of plant cell wall is one of the frontier hotspots in plant research. With the development of new imaging technologies, a large number of studies had been conducted on the composition and structure of the cell wall. In this work, we summarized the composition, structure, imaging technology and mechanical property of the plant cell wall, in order to provide new ideas for studying plant cell wall. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Regulation of Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology by Small Peptide Hormones HU Hai-lin, XU Li, LI Xiao-xu, WANG Chen-can, MEI Man, DING Wen-jing, ZHAO Yuan-yuan Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 13-25.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1468 Abstract （256）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2169KB）（984）       Knowledge map    Save Small peptide hormones are usually referred to as peptides containing 5 to 100 amino acids in length. In plants, the contents of small peptide hormones are very low, the molecular weight is small, the quantity is large, and the source and processing mechanism is complex. This gives small peptides a variety of biological functions. They can bind to receptors at very low concentrations, regulate physiological processes such as cell division and growth, tissue and organ differentiation, flowering and fruiting, maturation and senescence, and coordinate plant responses to various stress environments. As an important medium of signal transduction among cells, the molecular mechanism of small peptide hormones in regulating growth and development is the hotspot and front topic in Botany. First the research progress of the structure, synthesis, classification and function of small peptide hormones were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the research progress of CIF, CLE, RALFs, PSK, SYS in regulating plant growth and development and stress physiology was emphatically summarized, and the application prospect of plant small peptide hormones was outlined, which may provide an important theoretical basis for the in-depth research, development and application of plant small peptide hormones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Regulation of Iron Homeostasis by bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant LI Yu, LI Su-zhen, CHEN Ru-mei, LU Hai-qiang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 26-36.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1474 Abstract （249）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （3054KB）（342）       Knowledge map    Save Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Iron deficiency is widely existing in plants growing in neutral or alkaline soils. However, the normal growth and development of plants need to maintain the balance of iron，which is tightly regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Many transcription factors are involved in the regulatory network of iron homeostasis in plants, among which members of the basic helix-loop helix（bHLH）family are essential for iron homeostasis. In this review, key bHLH transcription factors that regulate iron homeostasis are summarized, and the mechanisms by which these transcription factors regulate iron homeostasis in plant growth and development are reviewed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis to uncover the regulation of iron homeostasis in plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Microalgal Growth and Accumulation of Target Products Regulated by Exogenous Phytohormone LI Yuan-hong, GUO Yu-hao, CAO Yan, ZHU Zhen-zhou, WANG Fei-fei Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 61-72.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1166 Abstract （247）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （2547KB）（247）       Knowledge map    Save Microalgae are widely used in bioenergy, functional food, medicine and health care owing to their unique growth advantages and richness in oils, proteins, carotenoids, unsaturated fatty acids and other substances. The use of abiotic stresses（nitrogen deficiency, high light intensity, high temperature, high salinity, heavy metals, etc.）is an effective and traditional means of inducing rapid enrichment of lipids and other metabolites in algal cells; however, it is usually at the expense of the growth of microalgae, which limits the efficient accumulation of target products at the expense of growth. Phytohormones are small molecule signaling substances that regulate algal cell growth and metabolism, including promoting microalgal cell proliferation，enhancing stress tolerance，elevating photosynthetic activity and promoting the accumulation of important secondary metabolites. Therefore, the combination of phytohormones and abiotic stresses can further promote the synthesis of target products and improve the tolerance of microalgae to abiotic stress conditions. Based on this, this paper summarized the types, biosynthetic pathways and physiological functions of phytohormones that have been applied to microalgae culture systems in recent years, analyzed their roles in the responses of microalgale to abiotic stresses and their effects on cell growth and target product synthesis, and discussed the internal mechanism of microalgae resistances to different abiotic stresses under the regulation of phytohormones and the possible mechanism of phytohormone-mediated stress tolerance and lipid accumulation in microalgae. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of exogenous phytohormones are also prospected in the development of microalgae industry, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient cultivation of microalgae and the accumulation of high value-added products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Expression Analysis of PIN Gene Family in Melon Under High Temperature Stress LI Jing-rui, WANG Yu-bo, XIE Zi-wei, LI Chang, WU Xiao-lei, GONG Bin-bin, GAO Hong-bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 192-204.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1196 Abstract （247）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （5942KB）（299）       Knowledge map    Save Auxin efflux carrier protein PIN（PIN-formed）is an important carrier element for regulating polar auxin transport in plants, thus it plays an important role in plant growth and development. However，it is still unclear about the members, properties, chromosomal distribution, phylogeny, promoters of PIN proteins in the genome of melon and expression characteristics of family members under high temperature stress. In the present study, 18 CmPINs members were screened and identified in the whole genome database of Cucumis melo using bioinformatics methods. The number of amino acids encoded by CmPIN family members was 51-642, the molecular weight was 5.19-70.30 kD and the instability index was 24.33-48.87. The results of subcellular localization prediction showed that CmPINs members were mainly distributed in the plasma membrane. There were the transmembrane structures for rest 16 PIN proteins except no transmembrane structure in CmPIN6 and CmPIN8. CmPINs family members were distributed on 9 chromosomes and contained 1-9 Motif. The genes of 18 CmPINs family members contained 1-10 exons and their secondary structure was mainly α-spiral and irregular curly structure. Based on the PIN protein evolutionary tree of CmPIN family members and Arabidopsis（Arabidopsis thaliana）, rice（Oryza sativa）, tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）, corn（Zea mays）, results showed that 18 CmPINs were clustered into 7 subfamilies, with the largest number in subgroup VI. The analysis of cis-acting elements of the promoter revealed that there were a large number of cis-acting basic elements in the melon CmPINs promoters, as well as cis-acting elements related to hormones, light signals and drought induction. Fluorescence quantitative analysis of melon radicles treated with different temperatures showed that the transcriptional expression of CmPIN13 and CmPIN18 genes with Yucasin+IAA treatment were significantly higher than those with Yucasin treatment under high temperature stress; moreover, the transcriptional expressions of CmPIN2, CmPIN13 and CmPIN18 genes with NPA+IAA treatment were significantly higher than those with NPA treatment, which suggested that CmPINs gene family were involved in the tolerance regulation during melon germination under high temperature stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Structure of Tailed Bacteriophage and Its Receptors LI Tuo, LI Long-ping, QU Lei Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 88-101.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1329 Abstract （246）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （1884KB）（308）       Knowledge map    Save With the emergence and rapid spread of “super drug-resistant” bacteria, phages have become a research hot spot for antibiotic alternatives and a new way to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and promote the healthy development of the farming industry. The key to the therapeutic role of phages is their ability of specifically lysing their host bacteria, while the specificity of phage lysis of bacteria depends on the recognition and adsorption of phage receptor-binding proteins to the receptor. Tailed bacteriophages use a broad range of receptor-binding proteins, such as tail fiber, tail spikes and the central tail spike, to target their cognate bacterial cell surface receptors lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane protein, capsule, flagella and pili, etc.，and finally the bacteria are lysed. In the present review, we systematically summarized the research advances in the types and structures of tailed bacteriophage and its receptors. We also discussed the selection strategies of phage therapeutic agents based on the research foundation of phage-host interaction mechanism. It is aimed to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the further study of the mechanism of interaction between phages and their host bacteria, modification of phages and creation of phage biocidal agents. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications and Perspectives of Radiation Mutagenesis in Woody Plant Breeding LI Yu-ling, MAO Xin, ZHANG Yuan-shuai, DONG Yuan-fu, LIU Cui-lan, DUAN Chun-hua, MAO Xiu-hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 12-30.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1008 Abstract （246）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （2451KB）（219）       Knowledge map    Save Radiation mutagenesis plays an important role in the selection and genetic improvement of new plant varieties. In order to provide breeders with a rapid and accurate picture of the research and application of radiation mutagenesis on woody plants, based on the CNKI database and the official website of the International Atomic Energy Agency, a statistical analysis of the published literature related to radiation mutagenesis in woody plants after 2000 and the released radiation mutant species were carried out. A comprehensive review was sorted out from the aspects of radiation mutagenesis mechanism, factors affecting radiation efficiency, mutant identification and isolation, radiation breeding achievements in this field. The result shows that the mechanism of radiation mutagenesis is still unclear, the key factor affecting radiation efficiency is the appropriate irradiation dose, followed by attention to the sensitive variability of the irradiated material, and mutant identification methods are phenotypic, physiological-biochemical, cytological and molecular markers, which are used in combination for more accurate results. Overall, the number of radiation-breeding woody plant varieties is small and tends to decline gradually. The progress of radiation breeding research in woody plants is reviewed, and solutions to the problems of radiation mutagenesis, such as low mutagenesis efficiency, poor control of mutation direction and imperfect mutant identification methods, are given, and the future directions of radiation breeding research are also prospected, aiming to provide reference and new ideas for plant radiation breeding research and application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Jasmonic Acid Regulating Plant Growth and Development as Well as Stress SUN Yu-tong, LIU De-shuai, QI Xun, FENG Mei, HUANG Xu-zheng, YAO Wen-kong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 99-109.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0323 Abstract （244）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （2301KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save As immobile organisms, plants perceive external stimuli and respond to them by altering their own signal transduction. Plant hormones function as important signaling molecules in plant responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses in order to regulate plant growth and development and to adapt to changing environments. Jasmonic acid is one of the important hormones in plants, and its synthetic pathways and physiological effects have been studied extensively, but there is still much lack of research on its signal transduction pathways to sense and respond to environmental changes and its interactions with other plant hormones. This paper focuses on the research progress of jasmonic acid in the regulation of plant growth and development, stress response and its interaction with other plant hormones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and Identification of a Bacillus safensis Strain GX-H6 and Its Biocontrol Effect on Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice REN Pei-dong, PENG Jian-ling, LIU Sheng-hang, YAO Zi-ting, ZHU Gui-ning, LU Guang-tao, LI Rui-fang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 243-253.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1153 Abstract （242）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （6897KB）（407）       Knowledge map    Save Bacterial leaf streak（BLS）, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola（Xoc）, is emerging as a serious disease in rice fields of southern China. In order to screen biocontrol bacteria for controlling BLS, we had Xoc wild-type strain GX01 as indicator, a bacterium with antagonistic effect to Xoc was isolated from the samples of peanut rhizosphere soil by using bacterial plate dilution and Oxford cup methods, and named as GX-H6. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical data, 16S rDNA and evolutionary tree analysis, this strain was identified to be Bacillus safensis. Antagonistic experiments revealed that the B. safensis GX-H6 strain effectively repressed the growths of several xanthomonads and plant pathogenic fungi, particularly the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight（BB）of rice. Further greenhouse and field rice plant experiments showed that this strain effectively controlled BLS and BB of rice. Genome analysis indicated that the GX-H6 strain contained a variety of genes related to antifungal, environmental competition, and the production of lichenysin, plantazolicin and bacilysin. Overall, the B. safensis strain GX-H6 is a potential novel biocontrol agent for developing pesticides and exploring novel bacteriostatic mechanism in future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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High-throughput Specific Detection Methods for Transgenic Maize Based on the KASP Platform ZHU Shao-xi, JIN Zhao-yang, GE Jian-rong, WANG Rui, WANG Feng-ge, LU Yun-cai Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (6): 133-140.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1191 Abstract （236）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （3845KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save In order to promote the industrialization of transgenic maize and accelerate the transfer of excellent trait transformants and backbone inbred lines, high-throughput foreground selection methods for backcross population need to be developed urgently. In this study, the transgenic maize DBN9936 was used as the material, according to its exogenous insert fragment and its flanking sequence, 6 pairs of specific primers were designed using the primer5 software, combined with the internal standard gene zSSIIb primer for evaluation. After obtaining the optimal primer combination, further the specificity verification, detection limit testing and multi-sample verification were carried out. The results showed that the optimal primer combination was DBN9936-LB1*zSSIIb-k1; the results of KASP genotyping of 10 DBN9936 BC1 seeds were completely consistent with those of agarose gel electrophoresis; the results of 10 transformants DBN9858, DBN9501, C0010.1.3, C0010.3.1, C0010.3.7, C0030.2.5, BT11, GA21, MIR162 and 2A-7 were negative on the dual platform. The detection limit of transgenic maize DBN9936 was stable at 10%; and the KASP genotyping results of 48 different DBN9936 hybrids were positive. In summary, this method can be used for the foreground selection in the process of backcrossing of transgenic maize DBN9936 with high sample throughput, which provides a technical reference for target gene detection of other crops in transgenic breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Mechanism of Cold Signal Perception and Transduction in Plants ZHANG Xiao-yan, YANG Shu-hua, DING Yang-lin Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 28-35.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0615 Abstract （236）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （2113KB）（290）       Knowledge map    Save Cold stress is an important environmental stress affecting plant growth, development and crop productivity. Plants sense the low temperature signal and quickly initiate the low temperature response to reduce the damage caused by low temperature stress. Recent studies have revealed the low-temperature potential sensors and complex regulatory network in plant cold stress responses. Plants may perceive cold signal at multiple levels; however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Cold-induced second messengers such as Ca2+ signal and ROS are decoded, thereby activating the expressions of cold-responded genes. Moreover, protein post-translational modifications（PTMs）regulate protein activity and stability and play critical roles in early cold signal transduction in plants. Here, we focus on the molecular mechanism of plant perception and transmission of low temperature early signals, and discusses and looks forward to the challenges and research directions in the field of low temperature stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of CRISPR/CasX-based Genome Editing Technology in Rice LI Xue-qi, ZHANG Su-jie, YU Man, HUANG Jin-guang, ZHOU Huan-bin Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (9): 40-48.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0413 Abstract （235）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （3605KB）（247）       Knowledge map    Save As a nuclease, the Cas protein needs to recognize a specific protospacer adjacent motifs（PAM）sequence to exert its cleavage activity, for example SpCas9 recognizes the NGG PAM and LbCas12a recognizes the TTTV PAM. CasX protein, a new protein that can recognize the TTCN PAM sequence was discovered，which expands the editing range of genome editing technology. Using PlmCasX and DpbCasX derived from CasX, CRISPR/CasX-mediated rice gene editing system was established. The editing efficiency through transient expression of rice protoplasts mediated with PEG was analysed, and the results showed that the endogenous OsCPK16 was effectively edited by PlmCasX and DpbCasX. The subsequent rice stable genetic transformation results indicated DpbCasX showed 17.5% editing efficiency in OsCPK21 at TTCA PAM sites, while PlmCasX showed higher editing efficiency in OsCPK21 at TTCA PAM sites and in OsCPK4 at TTCG PAM sites, with editing efficiency of 66.07% and 23.21%, respectively. And the optimization of PlmCasX protein based on the MIDAS method could not improve its editing activity. The study proved that the CRISPR/CasX system has editing activity in rice, and it can recognize the characteristic of TTCR PAM, expanding the application range of gene editing technology in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Biosynthesis and Regulation of β-ionone in Plants YE Yun-fang, TIAN Qing-yin, SHI Ting-ting, WANG Liang, YUE Yuan-zheng, YANG Xiu-lian, WANG Liang-gui Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 91-105.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0208 Abstract （231）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （5145KB）（181）       Knowledge map    Save β-ionone（β-ionone, ΒI）is an important natural aroma volatile compound widely distributed in plants, which is an apocarotenoid produced by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases cleaving β-carotene at the 9, 10 and the 9', 10' positions. As a representative of cyclized isoprene, β-ionone has various biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor. Therefore, studies on the biosynthesis and metabolic regulation of β-ionone in plants has gradually become a hot topic. This paper summarizes the progress of β-ionone bioactivity, biosynthesis and regulation in plants, focusing on the β-ionone biosynthesis pathway and its related enzymes, followed by the control of β-ionone biosynthesis by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase genes at the molecular level, as well as transcription factors such as WRKY, NAC, ERF and MYB regulate the expressions of related structural genes and thus affect β-ionone biosynthesis. And the paper describes the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, light, water and soil salinity on β-ionone biosynthesis in plants. It also introduces the effects of genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of β-ionone on the color and aroma of plant leaves, flowers and fruits, as well as the improvement of β-ionone biosynthesis in plants using gene overexpression, gene silencing and other genetic engineering techniques, and makes reasonable prospects for the problems to be solved in the research on β-ionone in plants, aiming to provide theoretical assistance for the deeper research on the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of β-ionone in plants, and provide a theoretical foundation for improving plant floral aroma substances and obtaining a high yield of natural β-ionone. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Melatonin Seed Priming in Improving Salt Tolerance of Capsicum annuum WEI Xi-ya, QIN Zhong-wei, LIANG La-mei, LIN Xin-qi, LI Ying-zhi Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 160-172.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1253 Abstract （229）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （5375KB）（262）       Knowledge map    Save Melatonin can enhance plant salt tolerance, but its effect and mechanism of improving plant salt tolerance through seed priming are rarely reported. In order to investigate the effects of melatonin（MT）seed priming on the growth and physiological characteristics of pepper seedlings under salt stress, its influences on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant metabolism and osmotic regulation of pepper seedlings under salt stress were studied using ‘Maoshu 360’ as material. The results showed that MT seed priming significantly alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth of pepper plants. Compared with seed without seed priming treatment, seed priming treatments with different concentrations of melatonin significantly improved the growth of pepper seedlings under salt stress, specifically, these indexes plant root length, above ground height, stem fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, FV'/Fm', Qp, NPQ, Fo, FV/Fm and chlorophyll content increased. Physiological analysis showed that the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in the leaves of pepper under salt stress significantly reduced by seed priming with different concentrations of melatonin. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, AsA and DHA in the leaves significantly increased. The activities of POD, SOD, APX and GR significantly increased. In addition, melatonin seed priming treatment significantly increased the content of K+ in the leaves, stems and roots, and decreased the content of Na+ and Na+/ K+ in the leaves of seedlings under salt stress. The above results showed that 100 μmol/L melatonin seed priming treatment had the best effect, which significantly improved the tolerance to soil salt, reduced the absorption of Na+ by plants, and alleviated the damage of salt stress to plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics