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Pan-genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Atrazine-degrading Bacteria WANG Ya-li, ZHU Shan-shan, YANG Feng-shan, MA Yu-kun, FU Hai-yan, LIU Chun-guang Biotechnology Bulletin    2019, 35 (7): 90-99.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-0360 Abstract （522）   HTML    PDF（pc） （3477KB）（1290）       Knowledge map    Save Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 and Pseudomonas sp. ADP are currently the model strains of atrazine-degrading bacteria. Microbacterium sp. HBT4 was screened in this experiment for discovering the similarities and differences of biological information among the 3 bacterial genomes and predicting important genes. In this study,pan-genome sequencing was carried out by using small DNA library preparation and sequencing technology on Illumina Hiseq 4000 sequencing platform. Genome composition analysis,gene function annotation,gene mutation detection and comparative genomics analysis were carried out by using related software. The nucleotide composition,collinearity and variation differences between the isolated Microbacterium HBT4 and model strains were analyzed. The genome size of the strain was about 3.53 Mb. It was predicted that there were 3 397 coding genes,1.33% repetitive sequences and 63 non-coding RNA in the strain HBT4. There were 3 324 annotations of gene function in general database and 1 149 annotations of gene function in special database. SNP,Small InDel and horizontal transfer genes were found through analyzing variance among strains and no structural variation genes were found. The number and proportion of GO-annotated genes in the specific genes of the strain in cell components,molecular functions and biological processes were obtained. From KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment map,it was found that the dihydrothiosyllysine residue succinyltransferase encoded by the specific gene was located between the metabolic pathway of α-ketoglutaric acid and succinyl coenzyme A in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The proportional distribution,phylogenetic tree and collinearity of the core genome and non-essential genome of the three strains were obtained. It was found that there were 986 common gene families among the three strains,and 1171 specific gene families strain HBT4. Compared with the two model strains,the strain HBT4 obtained in this study had both similarities and differences in gene family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Analysis of FBA Trait in Upland Cotton with Major Gene Plus Polygenes Mixed Genetic Model MA Qi, LI Ji-lian, XU Shou-zhen, CHEN Hong, LIU Wen-hao, NING Xinzhu, LIN Hai Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (10): 148-158.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1606 Abstract （327）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （3670KB）（3156）       Knowledge map    Save Cotton plant architecture is closely related to cultivation mode，mechanical collection efficiency and yield. Fruit branch angle（FBA）is one of the key factors that determine cotton plant architecture. Exploring the genetic characteristics on FBA of upland cotton（Gossyp-ium hirsutum）will provide important guidance for genetic breeding of cotton plant architecture. In this study，a natural population composed of 418 accessions of upland cotton from different regions，were used as the research object. Then，measuring the FBA with digital display protractor，we performed the variability and correlation analysis of FBA in different positions of cotton main stem，as well as the phenotypic description and statistical analysis of FBA of natural populations in different ecological environments. Simultaneously，the combined populations four generations（P1，P2，F1 and F2）constructed by parents with extremely different fruit branch angles were selected as the research objects，the multi-generation joint genetic analysis of FBA phenotypic traits of the four generations was carried out，and the genetic effect and heritability of major genes were estimated using the mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygenes of plant quantitative traits. Phenotypic identification analysis showed that the coefficient of variation for FBA in the natural population of upland cotton was relatively small，and the average coefficient of variation under the four environments was 5.63%. Furthermore，the middle fruit branch（the 4th-6th position from the base）angles best represented the level of FBA of the whole cotton plant. Additionally，mixed genetic model for major gene plus polygene demonstrated that the optimal model for controlling FBA was two major genes with equal additive effect，the additive effect value of major gene was 3.65，and the heritability was 90.22%. These results revealed that the FBA of upland cotton was mainly controlled by the main gene，and the heritability of the main gene was high. The above results are conducive to clarifying the genetic law of FBA of upland cotton，which is of important practical significance for molecular genetic analysis of FBA and plant architecture genetic breeding of upland cotton. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Strategy for Enhancing Foreign Proteins Expression by Signal Peptide in Bacillus subtilis MIAO Hua-biao, CAO Yan, YANG Meng-han, HUANG Zun-xi Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (6): 259-271.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1255 Abstract （712）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （1658KB）（1498）       Knowledge map    Save As an important prokaryotic expression host strain,Bacillus subtilis has always been regarded as preferred model strain for foreign protein expression,featuring strong protein secretion,clear genetic background,no codon preference,rapid growth and non-pathogenicity. Signal peptide is a short peptide chain located in the N-terminal of the precursor protein,with the function of guiding and regulating the folding of the precursor protein. Meanwhile,it plays a very important role in the process of protein transfer and secretion. At present,there is no regularity to find the efficient secretion of different foreign proteins by using the signal peptide of B. subtilis. For this reason,the structural characteristics,classification,transport pathway and application of signal peptides from B. subtilis are reviewed here,aiming to provide certain reference for further screening the optimal signal peptides of foreign proteins in B. subtilis expression system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Lytic Phage Infecting Salmonella HUANG Jing-xiao, SHANG Jun-kang, CHEN Hui-min, SHEN Jia-min, LI Yuan-yuan, YU Yu-li, NI Jin-dong, LIN Bo-kun Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (6): 136-146.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1385 Abstract （508）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （5429KB）（1845）       Knowledge map    Save With the situation of antibiotic resistance becoming more and more serious,it is increasingly difficult to prevent and cure pathogenic bacteria,thus research and development of new antibacterial agents is urgent. The use of bacteriophages to control pathogenic bacteria has received huge attentions. In order to obtain bacteriophages with potential applications in the biological control of Salmonella,a virulent phage PSM6 was isolated from river water by double-layer agar plate method,and transparent and uniform plaques with diameters of about 1.5-2 mm were formed on the lawn of Salmonella enteritidis. Phage PSM6 showed lytic activities on Salmonella of multiple serotypes,some Escherichia. coli strains and Shigella sonnei,indicating a broad-spectrum lytic activity. Phage PSM6 showed the maximal lytic activity to Salmonella with a MOI of 0.01. It demonstrated strong reproductive activity,of which the incubation period was about 20 min and the outbreak amount was about 56 PFU/cell. Phage PSM6 presented a good stability in 40-60℃ and kept a stable titer at pH5-10. The genome nucleic acid was double-stranded DNA. The genome was of 90 730 bp with a G+C content of 39.6%,133 ORFs and the holin-lysin lysis system,did not contain known virulence-associated and antibiotic resistance genes. Phage PSM6 should belong to Myoviridae according to the results of transmission electron microscopy and genome sequencing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Regulatory Elements and Their Combinations on Transient Expressions of Exogenous Proteinsin Nicotiana benthamiana LIU Wen-hao, WANG Rui-feng, LIU Wan-lin, XU Jie Biotechnology Bulletin    2020, 36 (7): 62-71.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-1226 Abstract （582）   HTML    PDF（pc） （4323KB）（1740）       Knowledge map    Save The plant transient expression is an efficient way to have foreign gene expressed,and this system can be used for analyzing the protein interactions,identifying the localizations of proteins,investigating the functions of regulatory elements,producing proteins of interest,etc. To further improve the expressions of foreign genes in transient expression system,this study focused on the optimization of various functional elements and transformation conditions of the transient expression vectors. Firstly,the commonly used binary vector pCambia1300 was used as backbone for the insertions of functional elements that can increase the specific transcription and the expressions of stable proteins,and thenrecombinant vectors pREU-EF,pREUR-EF,and pREUR-p24-EF were constructed. Next,the qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to evaluate the effects of different element combinations and different agrobacterial suspension concentrations on the expression of reporter gene Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein（eGFP）. The results of laser scanning confocal microscope showed that the eGFP in the recombinant vectors expressed rapidly in the cell membrane,cytoplasm,and nucleus of tobacco leaves. The quantitative PCR results indicated that the expression ofthe eGFPin thepREU-EF,pREUR-EF and pREUR-p24-EF increased by 4 times,20 times,and 28 times,respectively,while compared with the pCambia1301-eGFPvector. Moreover,the results from protein level analysis suggested that compared with pREU-EF,pREUR-EF and pREUR-p24-EF could obtain more proteins 48 hours post agroinfiltration. Furthermore,the expression of the foreign protein reached the highest when the concentration of agrobacterial suspension OD600 was about 0.4. In addition,the transcription regulation analysis in dual-luciferase reporting system implied that the process was more rapidly and efficiently while using the modified recombinant transient expression vectors. Therefore,this study demonstrates that the combinations of regulatory elements in transient expression vectors can effectively increase the expressions of foreign genes at the transcription and translation levels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles of Plasma Membrane Na+/H+ Antiporter SOS1 in Maintaining Ionic Homeostasis of Plants ZHU Ye-sheng, WU Guo-qiang, WEI Ming Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (12): 16-32.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0793 Abstract （167）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （3657KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save Plants regulate ion homeostasis to adapt to saline environment through a series of complex transport systems. SOS（salt over sensitive）signal pathway is the major signal pathway for plants to respond to abiotic stress, which is mainly composed of plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1, serine/threonine protein kinase SOS2, and calcium sensor SOS3. As one of the main members of SOS signaling pathway, SOS1 widely exists in higher plants. Due to the early evolutionary differences, the structural, physical, and chemical properties of SOS1 from different species had certain specificity. The SOS1 protein is a homodimer, and each monomer is composed of transmembrane and intracellular domains, which provides a stable docking platform for integrating signals from different pathways and regulating Na+ transport. Transcription level of the SOS1 gene was regulated by different stress conditions. SOS1 activity was inhibited or activated through Ca2+ signal regulation, phosphorylation, self-inhibition, and synergistic regulation with other ion transporters. SOS1 has shown to regulate circadian rhythm and pH, and maintain ion homeostasis in plants, which plays an important role in the response of plant to abiotic stress. In this review, the structure, function, regulation mechanism of SOS1 and its role in maintaining plant ion homeostasis are reviewed, and its future research direction is also prospected. The information in this review provide a theoretical support and excellent genetic resources for the genetic improvement of crops to produce new, stress-resistant varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Genomic Selection Breeding Technology for Crops WANG Xin, XU Yi-yi, XU Yang, XU Chen-wu Biotechnology Bulletin    2024, 40 (3): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1079 Abstract （163）   HTML （53）    PDF（pc） （1596KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Save Genome selection（GS）breeding builds a genetic model based on the association between genotypes of molecular markers on the whole genome and phenotypes of the training population, and then estimates the breeding values or predicts the phenotypes of the candidate population with known genotypes, so as to achieve efficient and accurate selection of the population for breeding. Compared with the commonly used molecular marker-assisted selection breeding, GS breeding does not require marker significance testing, and is particularly suitable for quantitative traits controlled by minor polygenes. It can shorten breeding cycle and reduce breeding cost, and has become a cutting-edge technology in the field of animal and plant breeding. However, for quantitative traits such as crop yield that are greatly affected by environment, it is still bottleneck issue to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction. This article first analyzes the main factors that affect the efficacy of GS in crop breeding, and then elaborates on the research progress of GS technology in crop breeding from the aspects of models with non-additive effects, population construction schemes, multi-trait and multi-environment prediction, multi-omic prediction and the current status of breeding chip technology. Then the article points out the issues and development prospects of the research, and provides the strategies and ideas for further research on crop GS breeding technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Regulation of Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology by Small Peptide Hormones HU Hai-lin, XU Li, LI Xiao-xu, WANG Chen-can, MEI Man, DING Wen-jing, ZHAO Yuan-yuan Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 13-25.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1468 Abstract （260）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2169KB）（1011）       Knowledge map    Save Small peptide hormones are usually referred to as peptides containing 5 to 100 amino acids in length. In plants, the contents of small peptide hormones are very low, the molecular weight is small, the quantity is large, and the source and processing mechanism is complex. This gives small peptides a variety of biological functions. They can bind to receptors at very low concentrations, regulate physiological processes such as cell division and growth, tissue and organ differentiation, flowering and fruiting, maturation and senescence, and coordinate plant responses to various stress environments. As an important medium of signal transduction among cells, the molecular mechanism of small peptide hormones in regulating growth and development is the hotspot and front topic in Botany. First the research progress of the structure, synthesis, classification and function of small peptide hormones were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the research progress of CIF, CLE, RALFs, PSK, SYS in regulating plant growth and development and stress physiology was emphatically summarized, and the application prospect of plant small peptide hormones was outlined, which may provide an important theoretical basis for the in-depth research, development and application of plant small peptide hormones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Design of Ideal Plant Architecture for High-density Tolerance of Maize Plant WANG Bao-bao, WANG Hai-yang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 11-30.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0660 Abstract （423）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （1778KB）（1092）       Knowledge map    Save Maize（Zea mays L.）is the most productive grain crop in the world. Sufficient and stable production of maize is of great importance for ensuring worldwide food security. Long-term studies and maize production practice have shown that increasing density tolerance and planting density of maize varieties is crucial for increasing its yield, and breeding an ideal plant architecture is an important way to improve maize density tolerance. Previous reports indicate that more erected leaf angle, lower ear height, fewer tassel branches, and earlier flowering were important components of ideal plant architecture of maize for adapting to high-density planting. Hereby we intend to summarize the research progress in their relationship of four morphological traits with high-density tolerance, their morphological development, and genetic regulation. We also propose several directions for further research on improving density tolerant plant architecture in maize, aiming to provide some useful references for future breeding high-density tolerant maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Production of Ergothioneine by Biosynthesis LI Liang, XU Shan-shan, JIANG Yan-jun Biotechnology Bulletin    2024, 40 (1): 86-99.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0663 Abstract （156）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1693KB）（312）       Knowledge map    Save Ergothioneine（ERG）, a rare natural sulfur-containing histidine derivative, has been proved to have strong antioxidant property and many biological functions. Therefore, ERG has been received much more attention from researchers and product developers. Currently, ERG has been widely used in food, cosmetics and medical industries. Research shows that ERG only can be synthesized by a few bacteria and fungi. Plants, animals and humans cannot synthesize ERG directly, but it could be obtained by other sources. ERG can be obtained by bioextraction, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis. However, because of the low yield and poor production efficiency of the traditional methods（bioextraction and chemical synthesis）, the large-scale production and application of ERG is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, economical, safe and reliable ERG synthesis method to meet market needs. With the rapid development of synthetic biology, the use of genetic engineering, protein engineering and metabolic engineering to improve the ability of ERG biosynthesis has gradually become an increasingly favored method. This paper will elaborate the biological characteristics and functions, briefly introduce the biosynthetic pathways of ERG and application prospects of ERG in food, cosmetics and medical industries, compare the main production methods of ERG, and summarize and sort the research progress of adopting various engineering strategies to produce ERG by biosynthesis in recent years, and propose several engineering strategies on how to use genetic engineering, protein engineering and metabolic engineering to increase the yield of ERG, which aims to provide theoretical reference and research ideas for biosynthesis high-yield of ERG. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of Fungal Laccase in Green Chemistry GONG Rui, SUN Kai, XIE Dao-yue Biotechnology Bulletin    2018, 34 (4): 24-34.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0824 Abstract （426）   HTML    PDF（pc） （2740KB）（966）       Knowledge map    Save Laccase is a kind of extracellular multi-copper oxidase secreted by fungi. It is widely used in green environmental chemistry because of its multifunctional property. It is proved that the copper-cluster of laccase can catalyze one-electron oxidative of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates via yielding radical intermediates. Then these radical intermediates involved in oxidative coupling or bond rupture,resulting in substrate oxidation,decomposition or polymerization. At present,the methods for immobilization of laccase are primarily divided into four categories including encapsulation in a carrier,adsorption on a carrier,covalent binding,and cross-linking. Compared with the free laccase,the underlying reasons for immobilization of laccase are the need to enhance the activity,stability,and recyclability of fungal laccase. In this paper,we review the molecular composition,structural characteristics,and catalytic oxidation mechanism of fungal laccase. Additionally,the main methods,advantages and disadvantages for immobilization of laccase are comparably evaluated,mainly focusing on the latest advances in the transformation and/or degradation of organic contaminants,the decolorization of synthetic dye,the treatment of paper wastewater,food processing,bio-sensors,and bio-indicators of environmental quality. It is aimed at providing new theoretical evidences and guidance for the multi-functional application of fungal laccase in green chemistry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Regulation of Plant Branch Development WANG Bing, ZHAO Hui-na, YU Jing, YU Shi-zhou, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 14-22.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1112 Abstract （519）   HTML （69）    PDF（pc） （1205KB）（990）       Knowledge map    Save The development of plant branches is crucial to plant morphology, and the shape of side branches directly affects its yield. The development of side branches is formed by the continuous division and differentiation of stem cells at the growth point, including lateral meristem specialization, lateral meristem initiation and lateral meristem outgrowth. It is jointly regulated by internal growth factors and external environmental signals. This article systematically sums up the basic issues of the origin, formation and dormancy of lateral growth point stem cells during the development of side branching, then also summarizes the mechanism of the formation and development of lateral meristems determined by co-action of transcription factors, hormones, epigenetics, and external environment that determine, providing a reference for exploring the formation mechanism of plant side branches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Cloning and Immune Function Analysis of TLR3 Gene in Anguilla japonica YU Li-li, LIN Peng, GUO Song-lin, WANG Yi-lei, ZHANG Zi-ping, WANG Ting-ting, FENG Jian-jun Biotechnology Bulletin    2018, 34 (1): 160-171.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0656 Abstract （202）   HTML    PDF（pc） （3400KB）（1035）       Knowledge map    Save Toll-like receptor 3（TLR3）is one of the most significant members in TLRs family which is renowned as pattern recognition receptor（PRR）to recognize double-stranded RNA（dsRNA）. To identify the structure and function of TLR3 gene in Japanese eel（Anguilla japonica）,a full-length cDNA sequence of AjTLR3 was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE. The expressions of AjTLR3 in various tissues of Japanese eel as well as in the Japanese eel liver cells were analyzed and examined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）. The full-length cDNA sequence of AjTLR3 was composed of 3 383 bp with an open reading frame（ORF）of 2 766 bp encoding a polypeptide of 921 amino acid residues. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that AjTLR3 protein had three main structural domains,extracellular domain which contained 16 leucine-rich repeats（LRRs）motifs,a transmembrane region and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor（TIR）domain where had a highly conserved amino acid residue Tyr778. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a broad expression for AjTLR3 in a wide range of tissues,with the predominant expression in liver. The AjTLR3 expressions in blood,intestine,liver,spleen,skin,heart,and muscle were significantly induced after injection with the viral mimic poly I∶C,while only in the liver and intestine significantly improved with the stimulation LPS. In vitro,the AjTLR3 transcripts of Japanese eel liver cells significantly up-regulated with poly I∶C treatment at 12 h and 24 h,whereas there were significantly enhanced after 24 h by PGN and CpG-DNA stimulation. The expression level of AjTLR3 gene significantly increased and reached the peak at 24 h and 12 h after the bacterial concentration was 107CFU/mL and 108 CFU/mL,respectively. These results collectively suggest that AjTLR3 play an important role in Japanese eel’s immune responses to viral and bacterial infection. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization and Application of Tobacco Rattle Virus-induced Gene Silencing System in Soybean LI Wen-chen, LIU Xin, KANG Yue, LI Wei, QI Ze-zheng, YU Lu, WANG Fang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 143-150.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1449 Abstract （203）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3074KB）（935）       Knowledge map    Save Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）technology has been widely used in plant gene function research. The efficiency of gene silencing in soybean mediated by tobacco rattle virus（TRV）-based vector system remains to be clarified. The seamless cloning technique was used to construct a TRV-VIGS system to explore the silencing efficiency in soybean target genes in different tissues with different inoculation methods, providing a basis for gene function studies in soybean. Taken phytoene desaturase（GmPDS）and ubiquitin ligase（GmATL3）as target genes, pTRV1 and the recombinant vectors solution were inoculated into soybean（Glycine max）plants Zhonghuang13 by three methods: injection, agroinoculation and a combination of injection plus agroinoculation. The silencing phenotypes were observed at 28 d after inoculation, and the relative expressions of the genes in the roots and leaves were quantified by RT-qPCR to determine the silencing effectiveness of the different methods. Silencing of GmPDS resulted in yellowing and chlorosis on the edges and inside of the leaves, while chlorosis spots and fold chlorosis phenotypes in the leaves surface occurred. The results of RT-qPCR showed that silencing efficiency of GmPDS of all three inoculation methods was close to 100%. The silencing efficiency of GmATL3 by the injection was 80%-95% in the leaves and 40%-60% in the roots; the silencing efficiency of the root inoculation and injection plus root inoculation was 70%-90% in roots and 15%-50% in leaves. Different inoculation methods caused different levels of silencing phenotypes and silencing efficiencies for different endogenous genes. The silencing efficiency of an inoculation method on different tissues was different, and the highest silencing efficiency on the leaves and roots were injection method and injection plus agroinoculation, respectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Karyotype Analysis of Four Herbaceous Flowers Qi Yuqing, Li Xinling, Zhang Yanni, Li Feng Biotechnology Bulletin    2013, 0 (2): 72-75.   Abstract （235）      PDF（pc） （1671KB）（1364）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, conven-tional pressed slice method was used to study chromosome number and karyotype of four herbaceous flowers. The results showed that Diranthus chinensis：chromosome number 2n=14, karyotype formula K（2n）=14=12 m+2 sm, belonging to “1A” type; Lavatera trimestris Linn ：chromosome number 2n=14, karyotype formula K（2n）=14=6 m+8 sm, belonging to “2A” type; Capsicum frutescans ：chromosome number 2n=24, karyotype formula K（2n）=24=24 m, belonging to “1B” type; Impatiens balsamina ：chromosome number 2n=14, karyotype formula K（2n）=2x=14=10 m+4 sm, belonging to “1B” type. This is the first report of karyotype of these four flowers, and may help breeding and classification of flowers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of Yeast One-hybrid Bait Vector of Tobacco NtCBT Gene Promoter and Screening of Interacted Proteins YU Jing, YANG Hui, YU Shi-zhou, ZHAO Hui-na, ZHENG Qing-xia, WANG Bing, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (10): 73-79.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1597 Abstract （397）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （4642KB）（1303）       Knowledge map    Save To screen the upstream regulatory transcription factors of cembratrienol synthase（NtCBT）in the cembranoids synthesis pathway of tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.），the promoter of NtCBT gene was cut into P1 to P6 regions，six yeast one-hybrid bait vectors pAbAi-Px were constructed and transformed into Y1H competent yeast cells，bait strains were constructed，and a self-activation experiment was completed. Furthermore，a screening was finished from yeast cDNA library of tobacco trichomes in order to obtain the transcription factors that interacted with P5 regions（-279 - -119 bp）. The results showed that，the growths of the strains containing P1 to P5 regions bait strain were inhibited on the medium added with 200 ng/mL AbA. A total of 49 positive colonies were obtained through Y1H screening when P5 regions as bait strain，among them，35 colonies were non-repeating sequences，and 3 of colonies were annotated as transcription factors of ANL2，ML1 and NF-Y. Above results lay a foundation for further study of gene expression and regulation mechanism of NtCBT. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Grain Size Regulation Related to Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways YAO Sha-sha, WANG Jing-jing, WANG Jun-jie, LIANG Wei-hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 80-90.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0273 Abstract （352）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （2275KB）（794）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is a major food crop for humans, and how to effectively improve its yield and quality is a major scientific concern. Rice grain size is one of the main factors affecting yield, and research on the regulation of rice grain development is an important guide for using molecular design breeding to improve yield and quality. Grain size is determined by a combination of the length, width and thickness of the grain; it is a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes, and is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality. In recent years, a large number of quantitative trait loci（QTLs）related to grain size have been identified through the study of mutants with seed development defects in rice, and some related genes have been cloned and identified, and the complex signalling pathways regulating grain size in rice are gradually being elucidated. Several studies have found that functional genes regulating rice seed development are involved in the synthesis, catabolism and transport of plant hormones as well as the signal transduction pathways of plant hormones. This review outlines the basic process of rice endosperm development, summarizes the overall the overall understanding of the dynamic changes of plant hormones during endosperm development, focuses on the current research status of QTLs related to phytohormone signalling pathways associated with rice grain size, summarizes and analyses the relationship between the pathways related to cytokinin, brassinosteroid, growth hormone, gibberellin, ethylene and jasmonic acid and grain size regulation, and further sorts out the regulation network of rice grain shape-related phytohormone signaling. It is aimed to provide a reference for identifying and analyzing the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone regulation of rice grain size, and to provide new ideas for rice molecular design breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Metabolites Produced by Bacillus Against Three Common Plant Pathogenic Fungi WANG Wei-chen, ZHAO Jin, HUANG Wei-yi, GUO Xin-zhu, LI Wan-ying, ZHANG Zhuo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (3): 59-68.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1315 Abstract （358）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1140KB）（909）       Knowledge map    Save Plant pathogenic fungi are one of the major threats to agricultural production. Applying biological agents to control pathogenic fungi is widely considered to be a safer and more sustainable strategy. Bacillus species can produce a variety of antifungal active substances（lipopeptides, bacteriocins and enzymes, etc.）, which is the most widely used biocontrol bacteria at present. Biocontrol agents based on Bacillus spp. and its metabolites can effectively control plant pathogenic fungi and play an important role in agricultural production. This paper focuses on the biological control potential of Bacillus metabolites and their antagonistic properties and mechanisms against three common plant pathogenic fungi（Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea）. Several important Bacillus metabolites were introduced by investigating the related literatures published in recent years on the antifungal activities of Bacillus metabolites, and the antifungal effects and mechanisms of Bacillus metabolites on important plant pathogenic fungi were summarized. And meanwhile the research methods and effects of Bacillus metabolites on the damages of cell wall and cell membrane of pathogenic fungi, inhibition of fungal spore germination and mycelial growth, and competitive binding with fungal DNA were summarized. The aim of this review is to provide guidance for the preparation and application of Bacillus biocontrol agents in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Structural Characteristics and Functions of Calcium-dependent Protein Kinases in Plants Jiang Shanshan, Zhang Dan, Kong Xiangpei, Zhou Yan, Li Dequan Biotechnology Bulletin    2013, 0 (6): 12-19.   Abstract （313）      PDF（pc） （1634KB）（3018）       Knowledge map    Save The calcium ion(Ca2+)is known as a key second messenger in plants, intracellular Ca2+ signals are relayed to downstream(transcription factors, NADPH oxidases genes)via different calcium sensor proteins(CaMs, CaMLs, CBLs, CDPKs), which further causes expression of related genes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs)which are Ser/The protein kinases found in plants and some protozoa, play crucial roles in Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways. CDPKs are encoded by multigene families and are divided into four subgroups. CDPKs exhibit overlapping and distinct expression patterns, sub-cellular localizations, substrate specificities and redundancy and/or diversity functions. Here we review the recent advances on the structural characteristics, expression patterns, localizations, regulations substrates both in vivo and in vitro, inhibitors and functions in response to abiotic and biotic stresses of CDPKs in order to shed light on the functions and regulatory mechanisms. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of Leaf Bud by REVOLUTA in Tobacco Based on CRISPR/Cas9 System WANG Bing, ZHAO Hui-na, YU Jing, CHEN Jie, LUO Mei, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (10): 197-208.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0364 Abstract （120）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （8167KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save The leaf buds of crop are regulated by the meristem, which is one of the effective measures to increase crop yield. At present, there are few studies on the molecular mechanism of meristem regulation in tobacco, and there is a lack of germplasm resources that can be used for plant type improvement. In this study, two different REVOLUTA（REV）single-target sequences, C15NtREV and C16NtREV, were constructed respectively by targeting mutation of REV gene through CRISPR/Cas9 editing system, and regenerated seedlings were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation method, and the transgenic plants were identified by PCR sequencing. The sequencing results showed that the Ko-C15Ntrev mutant had a shift mutation after amino acid position 26 of NtREV, while the Ko-C16Ntrev mutant had a shift mutation after amino acid position 60 of NtREV. In addition, the apical bud phenotypes of two single-target homozygous mutants were observed separately by scanning electron microscope, the results showed that the double-copy homologous mutants of Ko-C15Ntrev had apical bud deletion and leaf deformities, while the single-copy homologous mutants of Ko-C16Ntrev did not have the absence of apical buds, but the apical buds development delayed. Compared with wild type, the natural plant height of the Ko-C16Ntrev mutant increased by 3.76%, while the number of leaf blades and fresh axillary bud weight of the Ko-C16Ntrev mutant decreased by 21.47% and 23.41%, respectively, and both reached extremely significant differences, indicating that NtREV is involved in the development of shoot apical meristem in tobacco, which in turn regulates the development of leaf and axillary bud. These mutants provided important research materials for the subsequent study of the molecular mechanism of bud development in tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Synthesis ánd áctivity Studies of Lipoic ácid Derivátives SUN Teng, XU Liu-jiá, ZHENG Ming-ming Biotechnology Bulletin    2020, 36 (4): 41-46.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-1271 Abstract （345）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1347KB）（926）       Knowledge map    Save α-lipoic ácid is á biologicálly áctive compound,which hás mány functions including ánti-oxidátion,ánti-áging,ánti-tumor ánd ánti-cáncer. Recent studies háve shown thát esterified modificátion cán improve the oil solubility ánd biologicál áctivities of lipoic ácid. In order to deeply explore ánd utilize lipoic ácid derivátives,á comprehensive review on the biotránsformátion ánd chemicál synthesis of lipoic ácid derivátives were conducted. In áddition,their ántioxidánt ánd ántitumor áctivities áre systemáticálly discussed,ánd future development directions áre prospected. It is áimed to provide reference for the ápplicátions of lipoic ácid derivátives in food,phármáceuticáls,cosmetics ánd other industries. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advance and Applications in Maize Wild Relatives Genomes HU Yi-wa, CHEN Lu Biotechnology Bulletin    2024, 40 (3): 14-24.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1131 Abstract （101）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1179KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save Global change of climate has made great challenges to the crop productions and economical stabilities. The creation of adaptive species under the extreme environmental change is one of the primary goals in modern crop breeding process. As one of the most important crops in the world, maize have lost substantial genetic diversities during domestication, especially the loci that respond to the biotic and abiotic stress. Finding and utilizing the genetic diversity lost during maize domestication in wild species and landrace will provide new light for the creation of new adaptive varieties. In this review, we firstly introduce the discoveries and classification of teosinte（wild relatives of maize）, and then summarize the traits and genomic difference between teosinte and maize, the genetic mechanism of divergence of maize and teosinte basing on genetics, population genetics, molecular biology, revealing the importance of teosinte in the development of maize genetics from multiple perspectives. Finally, we prospect the key role of teosinte in maize future breeding process under climate changes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Nanoemulsions Research Chen Fengping, Liu Chenguang Biotechnology Bulletin    2013, 0 (12): 43-48.   Abstract （431）      PDF（pc） （3115KB）（2384）       Knowledge map    Save Nanoemulsion has droplet with mean radius between 10 nm to 100 nm. Nanoemulsions, as nonequilibrium systems, cannot form spontaneously. Nanoemulsions can increase the bioavailability of insoluble substances and their resistance to environment stress.The study of basic and applied aspects of nanoemulsions is receiving increasing attention in recent years. This paper summarized emulsification methods of nanoemulsions and their applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, and pointed out the limiting factors in nanoemulsion application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Cysteine Participation in Heavy Metal Resistance in Organism ZHANG Li, SUN Dui, WANG Xiao, ZHENG Chun-li Biotechnology Bulletin    2017, 33 (5): 26-33.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017.05.004 Abstract （267）   HTML    PDF（pc） （2913KB）（1313）       Knowledge map    Save Cysteine（Cys）,the final product of the sulfate assimilation pathway,widely exists in the organism. The oxidation state sulfur is absorbed and restored,and then integrated into the molecules skeletal structure of cysteine by organisms,participating in the other metabolic pathways of organisms. Because the structure of Cys contains thiol,which makes it being able to specifically bind with heavy metal ion,thus involving in the heavy metal resistance of organism,directly or indirectly. Considering a series of physiological and biochemical process in biological cells are orderly conducted under the heterogeneous condition,the investigation of Cys and the structure characteristics of Cys-M（M represents metal ion）complexes has significant reference value for studying Cys and the physiological behavior of Cys-M at the molecular level. In recent years,the application of new technique in the biological science,for example atomic force microscope（AFM）,makes this research feasible. In this paper,the basic characteristics and the biosynthetic pathway of Cys are introduced,concurrently,the research progress of Cys involved in heavy metal resistance are summarized,which aims to provide certain scientific theoretical basis for studying the detoxification mechanism of Cys in heavy metal resistance of organism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in DREB/CBF Transcription Factor Involved in Responses in Plant to Abiotic Stress LIU Kun, LI Guo-jing, YANG Qi Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (5): 201-214.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1219 Abstract （576）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （1229KB）（749）       Knowledge map    Save Dehydration responsive element binding（DREB）/CBF is a subfamily of the AP2/ERF（APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor）superfamily in plant,having AP2 conserved domain and binding specifically to the dehydration response element/C-repeat（DRE/CRT）cis-elements（also known as the DNA sequence motif G/ACCGAC）found in the promoter region of stress resistance genes. Recent studies demonstrate that DREB transcription factors are involved in plant responses to drought,salt,cold,heat and other abiotic stresses,and is a key regulator in plant stress resistance. In this paper,recent progress in DREB is reviewed and several key aspects including structure,classification,family and function in abiotic stress are summarized. Combining the current bottlenecks of studying DREB transcription factors in plants,the prospects and issues in this field are also discussed. Finally,the breakthrough directions for future works are emphasized,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and guidance in screening high-quality plant resources and breeding novel varieties of crops,forests and grasses. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on 4-Coumarate：Coenzyme A Ligase（4CL）in Plants TIAN Xiao-ming, YAN Li-hong, XIANG Guang-feng, JIANG Li-yuan Biotechnology Bulletin    2017, 33 (4): 19-26.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017.04.003 Abstract （367）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1532KB）（1004）       Knowledge map    Save 4CL（4-coumarate：coenzyme A ligase,EC6.2.1.12）is a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway,and it catalyzes a hydroxycinnamic acids and its derivatives to generate the corresponding thioester. Concurrently,4 CL is also the third step in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropane,ligating the precursor of lignin and varied branch pathways,playing the critical regulating role in the lignin synthesis. It has become a research hotspot that uses the genetic engineering way to alter lignin biosynthesis,to reduce lignin content,and to decrease the pollution in pulp and papermaking process. Combining the new reports about 4CL in recent years,we summarized the research progresses on phylogenetics,enzymatic activities,crystal structure and catalytic mechanism and regulation of 4CL in lignin biosynthesis. The future directions of researches on 4CL were also suggested, This paper provides reference information for 4CL in the future study. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and Optimization of Virus-induced Gene Silencing System in Bougainvillea peruviana ‘Thimma’ LIU Zhen-yin, DUAN Zhi-zhen, PENG Ting, WANG Tong-xin, WANG Jian Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 123-130.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1266 Abstract （159）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （3985KB）（329）       Knowledge map    Save Bougainvillea peruviana ‘Thimma’, belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae, has high ornamental values in landscape. It is an ideal material to study the regulation of flower and leaf coloration. It is vital to establish a rapid and efficient gene verification system in B. peruviana. In this study, phytoene desaturase gene（PDS）was used as an indicator gene, we explored the effects of different inoculation sites and fragment length on the silencing effects of endogenous PDS mRNA in B. peruviana leaves induced by tobacco rattle virus（TRV）and established an optimized virus-induced gene silencing system（VIGS）for B. peruviana. The results showed that the silencing effect of leaf friction injection was more significant than that of tender stems friction injection. Additionally, PDS gene silencing was induced by both the inserted fragment of 336 bp and 457 bp, and the latter one was more significant. The VIGS system of B. peruviana is preliminarily constructed, which can be applied to the following gene function research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics Analysis of Seed Microrhizome Gene Expression of Polygonatum cyrtonema LIU Bao-cai, CHEN Jing-ying, ZHANG Wu-jun, HUANG Ying-zhen, ZHAO Yun-qing, LIU Jian-chao, WEI Zhi-cheng Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 220-233.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0115 Abstract （133）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （7034KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Save The germination process of Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds have a special germination phenomenon of micro rhizomes formation. The purpose of explaining the changes of key genes in the germination process is to lay a foundation for related research on seed physiology, morphological structure development and so on. In this paper, based on high-throughput sequencing technology, the transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the seeds of P. cyrtonema in different germination states. The results showed that 17 907 differentially expressed genes were identified in microrhizome formation, compared to radicle breakthrough seed coat, these genes were in significantly different expressions in terms of metabolic process, catalytic activity, protein phosphorylation, etc. Pathway significance enrichment indicated that the differential genes were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other pathways. Genes enriched were abundantly expressed in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Especially, the expression genes were up-regulated in brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway. There were 26 833 significant differences Unigenes before and after the microrhizomes turned green, mainly enriched in metabolic process, peptide biosynthesis process, catalytic activity and other pathways. The differential genes were mainly enriched in, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis and other pathways by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The germination process of P. cyrtonema seeds is a complex regulatory network of a series of genes, and genes related with in brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway may have an important role in the formation of microhizome. The results also provides a reference for in-depth research on the micro-rhizome formation physiology, micro-rhizome rapid expansion in production, and microhizom exploitation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Cancer-related Bioinformatics Databases Yang Jian, Cai Haoyang Biotechnology Bulletin    2015, 31 (11): 89-101.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.11.010 Abstract （914）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1223KB）（5199）       Knowledge map    Save Malignant tumor has become one of the major diseases that takes seriously risks to human health. In recent years, the rapid development of high-throughput detection technology has become an important means in cancer research. In this way, the cancer genomics data accumulated rapidly. These data is important for the research of mechanisms of tumor initiation and development. Massive biological data management and mining have become the foundation and an important field in cancer research. This article describes the frequently used bioinformatics databases of human tumors, including comprehensive databases, databases of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, etc. Here we sum up the status quo of database development in China and abroad, and discuss the existing problems to assist current research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Prospects of Maize Super High Yield Research in China LIU Yue-e, XU Tian-jun, CAI Wan-tao, LYU Tian-fang, ZHANG Yong, XUE Hong-he, WANG Rong-huan, ZHAO Jiu-ran Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 52-61.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0555 Abstract （263）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1088KB）（741）       Knowledge map    Save Maize, as the largest grain crop with the largest planting area and highest total yield in China, is crucial for food and feed security in China. In the increasingly tense situation of arable land resources, the space for expanding the area of crop in China is limited in the future, and the increase in crop production mainly relies on the increase in yield per unit area. In 2023, the No. 1 Central Document of the Central Government clearly proposed that we should pay full attention to grain production, carry out the construction of 1 t grain yield per 667 m2, and implement the project of increasing maize yield per unit area. The super high yield of maize is the embodiment of the highest level of excellent cultivars, production conditions, and cultivation management techniques. This article comprehensively elaborates on the policy support, current status of high yield records, distribution and meteorological characteristics of super high yield fields, and technical key points for creating super high yield. On this basis, suggestions are put forward for the large-scale high-yield creation of maize in China, including increasing scientific research investment, strengthening the breeding of new cultivars, strengthening the integration of cultivation techniques for demonstration and promotion, and strengthening the construction of farmland infrastructure. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Regulation of Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthesis and Its Application CHEN Zhi-min, LI Cui, WEI Ji-tian, LI Xin-ran, LIU Yi, GUO Qiang Biotechnology Bulletin    2024, 40 (1): 57-71.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0728 Abstract （129）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （1611KB）（226）       Knowledge map    Save Chlorogenic acid（CGA）is an important phenolic acid secondary metabolite widely found in plant kingdom. CGA plays an important role in plant growth and development, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, it has a multiple biological activities and pharmacological functions, and plays an important role in application potential in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and hypoglycemic. However, the content of CGA is usually very low in plants, which seriously restricts its development and utilization values. Therefore, effectively improving CGA content in plants is particularly crucial. Recently, many researchers have made important advances on improving the CGA content in plants by genetic engineering, stress and hormone treatment. On this basis, researchers have also initiated new explorations on the biosynthesis of CGA and its molecular mechanism. This would provide new ideas for improving the CGA content in plants. In view of this, this paper reviews the research progresses on the structure and function, biosynthesis and regulation of CGA, and systematically analyzes the effects of key rate-limiting enzymes, such as PAL, C4H and 4CL, is involved in the synthesis of CGA. Moreover, we elucidate the role of transcription factors MYB, WRKY and bHLH in regulating the biosynthesis of CGA. Meanwhile, we comprehensively summarize the effects of exogenous factors, e.g., biotic/abiotic stresses, plant hormones, light quality and photoperiod on the CGA content and biosynthesis in plants，and introduce the mechanism of CGA in improving animal and human health. Finally, we explore and prospect the unsolved problems and future research directions in the CGA. It is aimed to offer some valuable references for the rational development and utilization of CGA and the improvement of crop resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Rhizosphere Soil of Tea Plants in Different Years of Planting XU Guang, WANG Meng-jiao, DENG Bai-wan, GUO Miao-miao Biotechnology Bulletin    2020, 36 (3): 124-132.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-0862 Abstract （425）   HTML    PDF（pc） （3582KB）（816）       Knowledge map    Save The traditional culture method and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the diversity,structure and composition of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of different tea planting years（5-,10-,and 20-year）,and to analyze the correlation between physical and chemical properties of tea tree soil and bacterial community,which may provide a reference for improving the soil of tea trees and increasing the yield of tea trees. The results showed that both methods indicated that there were significant differences in the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere in different tea planting years. The bacterial diversity of 5- and 10-year tea trees was significantly higher than that of 20-year tea trees. The culture method revealed that thick-walled bacteria（Firmicutes and Bacillus）were dominant phyla,and high-throughput sequencing techniques yielded that Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Candidatus_Udaeobacter were dominant genus. Total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus and pH were the key physical and chemical factors affecting the bacterial community of tea plants. With the increase of tea planting years,measures should be taken to prevent soil acidification and appropriate nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer should be increased. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances on Plant Promoter Li Tian, Sun Jingkuan, Liu Jingtao Biotechnology Bulletin    2015, 31 (2): 18-25.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.02.003 Abstract （378）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1088KB）（1682）       Knowledge map    Save Plant promoters play important regulatory roles at the transcription level, to study their functions can not only reflect the expression patterns of corresponding genes, but also provide an effective way for the use of plant genetic engineering to achieve efficient expression of specific genes. In this paper, recent studies were reviewed about their structural characteristics and functions, the various types of inducible promoters related to biotic and abiotic stress were mainly introduced, and the future research directions for plant promoters were prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Plant Flavonoids UDP-glycosyltransferase YAO Yu, GU Jia-jun, SUN Chao, SHEN Guo-an, GUO Bao-lin Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (12): 47-57.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0236 Abstract （689）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （2676KB）（1370）       Knowledge map    Save Flavonoids are important natural products in plants and usually exist in the form of glycosides. Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases（UGTs）can modify flavonoids to form a variety of flavonoid glycosides, which are the active substances of flavonoid medicines in many medical plants. In recent years, as more and more plant genomes have been elucidated, a large number of glycosyltransferases involved in flavonoid synthesis have been identified. In this paper, we firstly introduced the structural features and family classification of plant UGTs, and then reviewed the advances in the study of flavonoid UGTs, had a complete summary on the selectivity of modification sites of plant flavonoid UGT in varied families, as well as the specificity of donors and receptors. It is aimed to lay a foundation for investigating the correlation between structure and function of plant flavonoid UGTs as well as the mining and identification of novel flavonoid UGTs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety Accident Disposal and Warning of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria：Taking “the Outbreak of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection in Germany in 2011” as a Case TANG Chu-mei ZHU Long-jiao GUO Shun-tang MIAO Jing XU Wen-tao Biotechnology Bulletin    2018, 34 (8): 204-214.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-1106 Abstract （409）   HTML    PDF（pc） （1455KB）（543）       Knowledge map    Save With the improvement of living standard,issues on food safety are drawing a growing concern worldwide. In regards to all food safety incidents in the world,those caused by foodborne pathogens are becoming highlighted due to their universality,frequency and severe pathogenicity. This article is organized in the following order：First it gives an overview of the characteristics of foodborne pathogens and their connections with food safety by several historic food safety incidents;then it takes the outbreak of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli（EHEC）infection in Germany,2011 as a case,introducing pathogenic characteristics,detection techniques,tracing methods of foodborne pathogens in detail,and summarizing control measures and guides to government and consumer response. At last,based on the case,the article discusses the possibilities of its role both played in teaching and popularization in science. In sum,this article gives multi-angle analysis on the case,aiming at promoting effect on the disposal and warning of foodborne pathogenic food safety accident. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics