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Genetic Analysis of FBA Trait in Upland Cotton with Major Gene Plus Polygenes Mixed Genetic Model MA Qi, LI Ji-lian, XU Shou-zhen, CHEN Hong, LIU Wen-hao, NING Xinzhu, LIN Hai Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (10): 148-158.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1606 Abstract （327）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （3670KB）（3156）       Knowledge map    Save Cotton plant architecture is closely related to cultivation mode，mechanical collection efficiency and yield. Fruit branch angle（FBA）is one of the key factors that determine cotton plant architecture. Exploring the genetic characteristics on FBA of upland cotton（Gossyp-ium hirsutum）will provide important guidance for genetic breeding of cotton plant architecture. In this study，a natural population composed of 418 accessions of upland cotton from different regions，were used as the research object. Then，measuring the FBA with digital display protractor，we performed the variability and correlation analysis of FBA in different positions of cotton main stem，as well as the phenotypic description and statistical analysis of FBA of natural populations in different ecological environments. Simultaneously，the combined populations four generations（P1，P2，F1 and F2）constructed by parents with extremely different fruit branch angles were selected as the research objects，the multi-generation joint genetic analysis of FBA phenotypic traits of the four generations was carried out，and the genetic effect and heritability of major genes were estimated using the mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygenes of plant quantitative traits. Phenotypic identification analysis showed that the coefficient of variation for FBA in the natural population of upland cotton was relatively small，and the average coefficient of variation under the four environments was 5.63%. Furthermore，the middle fruit branch（the 4th-6th position from the base）angles best represented the level of FBA of the whole cotton plant. Additionally，mixed genetic model for major gene plus polygene demonstrated that the optimal model for controlling FBA was two major genes with equal additive effect，the additive effect value of major gene was 3.65，and the heritability was 90.22%. These results revealed that the FBA of upland cotton was mainly controlled by the main gene，and the heritability of the main gene was high. The above results are conducive to clarifying the genetic law of FBA of upland cotton，which is of important practical significance for molecular genetic analysis of FBA and plant architecture genetic breeding of upland cotton. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Lytic Phage Infecting Salmonella HUANG Jing-xiao, SHANG Jun-kang, CHEN Hui-min, SHEN Jia-min, LI Yuan-yuan, YU Yu-li, NI Jin-dong, LIN Bo-kun Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (6): 136-146.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1385 Abstract （508）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （5429KB）（1845）       Knowledge map    Save With the situation of antibiotic resistance becoming more and more serious,it is increasingly difficult to prevent and cure pathogenic bacteria,thus research and development of new antibacterial agents is urgent. The use of bacteriophages to control pathogenic bacteria has received huge attentions. In order to obtain bacteriophages with potential applications in the biological control of Salmonella,a virulent phage PSM6 was isolated from river water by double-layer agar plate method,and transparent and uniform plaques with diameters of about 1.5-2 mm were formed on the lawn of Salmonella enteritidis. Phage PSM6 showed lytic activities on Salmonella of multiple serotypes,some Escherichia. coli strains and Shigella sonnei,indicating a broad-spectrum lytic activity. Phage PSM6 showed the maximal lytic activity to Salmonella with a MOI of 0.01. It demonstrated strong reproductive activity,of which the incubation period was about 20 min and the outbreak amount was about 56 PFU/cell. Phage PSM6 presented a good stability in 40-60℃ and kept a stable titer at pH5-10. The genome nucleic acid was double-stranded DNA. The genome was of 90 730 bp with a G+C content of 39.6%,133 ORFs and the holin-lysin lysis system,did not contain known virulence-associated and antibiotic resistance genes. Phage PSM6 should belong to Myoviridae according to the results of transmission electron microscopy and genome sequencing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Prospect of KASP Marker Technology in Main Crops YANG Qing-qing, TANG Jia-qi, ZHANG Chang-quan, GAO Ji-ping, LIU Qiao-quan Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (4): 58-71.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1378 Abstract （2504）   HTML （135）    PDF（pc） （2179KB）（1676）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of gene sequencing technology,plant genome data are becoming more and more abundant. Single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）data are widely used in the development and application of molecular markers because of their high density,high throughput and easy automated analysis. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR（KASP）is a high-throughput genotyping technology mainly based on SNP. Because of its high flux,low cost and strong operability,this technology has great application potential in the field of crop character improvement. This paper introduces the development,principle and method steps of KASP technology,summarizes the application of KASP technology in genetic breeding such as germplasm resource identification,molecular marker assisted breeding,gene mapping and seed purity identification of main crops,and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of KASP technology in order to provide reference basis for crop breeding research in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Strategy for Enhancing Foreign Proteins Expression by Signal Peptide in Bacillus subtilis MIAO Hua-biao, CAO Yan, YANG Meng-han, HUANG Zun-xi Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (6): 259-271.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1255 Abstract （712）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （1658KB）（1498）       Knowledge map    Save As an important prokaryotic expression host strain,Bacillus subtilis has always been regarded as preferred model strain for foreign protein expression,featuring strong protein secretion,clear genetic background,no codon preference,rapid growth and non-pathogenicity. Signal peptide is a short peptide chain located in the N-terminal of the precursor protein,with the function of guiding and regulating the folding of the precursor protein. Meanwhile,it plays a very important role in the process of protein transfer and secretion. At present,there is no regularity to find the efficient secretion of different foreign proteins by using the signal peptide of B. subtilis. For this reason,the structural characteristics,classification,transport pathway and application of signal peptides from B. subtilis are reviewed here,aiming to provide certain reference for further screening the optimal signal peptides of foreign proteins in B. subtilis expression system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances in Plant Genome Assembly TANG Die, ZHOU Qian Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (6): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0450 Abstract （1037）   HTML （102）    PDF（pc） （2931KB）（1444）       Knowledge map    Save The construction of reference genome containing genome-wide sequence is a prerequisite to genomic exploiting and utilizing of a species. Majority of angiosperms have undergone genome-wide duplication or polyploidization and subsequent chromosome rearrangement and loss. Many plants have also experienced large-scale expansion of repetitive sequences,resulting in a dramatic expansion of the genome size. These evolution events shape plant genomes with specific characteristics and extensive biodiversity,to a certain extent,has also led to many problems in plant genome assembly. Here,we classified plant genomes to simple,highly heterozygous,highly repetitive,polyploidy and pan-genome,summarized their corresponding assembly strategies and applications. Moreover,we prospecte the application trend of new sequencing technologies in resolving plant genomes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an Acetolactate Synthase Gene（CeALS）from Cyperus esculentus L. XIAO Yan-hua, ZOU Zhi, ZHAO Yong-guo, GUO An-ping, ZHANG Li Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (4): 184-192.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1198 Abstract （284）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （5332KB）（1428）       Knowledge map    Save Acetolactate synthase（ALS）plays an important role in the herbicide resistance of plants. To uncover the sequence characteristics,evolutionary relationship,and expression pattern of the ALS gene in tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）,in this study,RT-PCR was adopted to isolate the corresponding gene CeALS on the basis of transcriptome data. Sequence analysis revealed that CeALS putatively encoded 646 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 69.94 kD and an isolectric point of 6.10,which was predicted to be a hydrophilic protein with chloroplast localization. The protein was shown to harbor three conserved domains,i.e.,TPP_enzyme_N,TPP_enzyme_M,and TPP_enzyme_C,which were specific to acetolactate synthase. Homologous analysis suggested that CeALS shared an identity of >90% with homologs from other Cyperaceae plants. Phylogenetic analysis supported that Cyperaceae was a sister family to Poaceae within Poales. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that CeALS was mainly expressed in mature leaves and tubers. During leaf development,an increasing trend was observed and the expression level in mature and senescent leaves was significantly higher than that in young leaves. Sequence alignment and SNP analysis supported that no target site resistance mutations to acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides were found in 56 germplasms collected by our group. Results obtained in this study lay a solid foundation for molecular breeding for herbicide resistance as well as development and utilization of tigernut. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Plant Flavonoids UDP-glycosyltransferase YAO Yu, GU Jia-jun, SUN Chao, SHEN Guo-an, GUO Bao-lin Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (12): 47-57.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0236 Abstract （689）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （2676KB）（1368）       Knowledge map    Save Flavonoids are important natural products in plants and usually exist in the form of glycosides. Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases（UGTs）can modify flavonoids to form a variety of flavonoid glycosides, which are the active substances of flavonoid medicines in many medical plants. In recent years, as more and more plant genomes have been elucidated, a large number of glycosyltransferases involved in flavonoid synthesis have been identified. In this paper, we firstly introduced the structural features and family classification of plant UGTs, and then reviewed the advances in the study of flavonoid UGTs, had a complete summary on the selectivity of modification sites of plant flavonoid UGT in varied families, as well as the specificity of donors and receptors. It is aimed to lay a foundation for investigating the correlation between structure and function of plant flavonoid UGTs as well as the mining and identification of novel flavonoid UGTs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of Yeast One-hybrid Bait Vector of Tobacco NtCBT Gene Promoter and Screening of Interacted Proteins YU Jing, YANG Hui, YU Shi-zhou, ZHAO Hui-na, ZHENG Qing-xia, WANG Bing, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (10): 73-79.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1597 Abstract （397）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （4642KB）（1301）       Knowledge map    Save To screen the upstream regulatory transcription factors of cembratrienol synthase（NtCBT）in the cembranoids synthesis pathway of tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.），the promoter of NtCBT gene was cut into P1 to P6 regions，six yeast one-hybrid bait vectors pAbAi-Px were constructed and transformed into Y1H competent yeast cells，bait strains were constructed，and a self-activation experiment was completed. Furthermore，a screening was finished from yeast cDNA library of tobacco trichomes in order to obtain the transcription factors that interacted with P5 regions（-279 - -119 bp）. The results showed that，the growths of the strains containing P1 to P5 regions bait strain were inhibited on the medium added with 200 ng/mL AbA. A total of 49 positive colonies were obtained through Y1H screening when P5 regions as bait strain，among them，35 colonies were non-repeating sequences，and 3 of colonies were annotated as transcription factors of ANL2，ML1 and NF-Y. Above results lay a foundation for further study of gene expression and regulation mechanism of NtCBT. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status of Synthetic Biology in Globe and Its Enlightenment WANG Xiao-mei, YANG Xiao-wei, LI Hui-shang, HE Wei, XIN Zhu-lin Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (2): 292-302.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0352 Abstract （1052）   HTML （68）    PDF（pc） （4302KB）（1215）       Knowledge map    Save Synthetic biology is a new interdisciplinary frontier science, demonstrating broad application prospects in the fields of life science, energy science and technology, medical health, material chemical industry and agricultural science and technology. The research on the development status of synthetic biology is of great significance for government departments, scientific and industrial communities to jointly promote its development. The current situation of synthetic biology policies, scientific research and industry in globe was systematically summarized. Combined with the development status and existing issues of synthetic biology in China, strategic suggestions for its development are put forward. The study showed followings. 1）Synthetic biology has entered a period of rapid development of global consensus, cooperation and competition. Many countries have assisted the scientific research and application innovation of synthetic biology, and produced many new technologies and applications with field characteristics through the top-down research and development system. 2）China is accelerating the improvement of the top-level design of synthetic biology, and a series of original discoveries and innovative achievements in the field has been achieved. However, there are also some shortcomings, such as lagging medium and long-term development planning, insufficient scientific research and innovation ability, the dislocation of application research and development subjects and the limitation of industrial application scenario expansion. 3）It is suggested to promote the development of synthetic biology in China from the aspects of strengthening macro policy guidance, building an efficient research system, cultivating high-quality industrial subjects and expanding the application scenarios of achievements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of RNA Editing ZHU Lin, XIAN Feng-jun, ZHANG Qian-nan, HU Jun Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (1): 1-14.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1326 Abstract （746）   HTML （54）    PDF（pc） （1189KB）（1184）       Knowledge map    Save RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process on the target transcripts by base insertion,deletion,or replacement. This important epigenetic phenomenon is also considered as a correction mechanism for genetic restoration at the RNA level. Here,we reviewed the RNA editing systems based on PPR gene family in plants and CRISPR/Cas editing system in animal, introduced the important role of RNA editing in the plant growth and development, and prospected future application of RNA editing. In addition we also summarized the recent research on RNA editing database,which support the follow-up research of RNA editing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Design of Ideal Plant Architecture for High-density Tolerance of Maize Plant WANG Bao-bao, WANG Hai-yang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 11-30.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0660 Abstract （423）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （1778KB）（1090）       Knowledge map    Save Maize（Zea mays L.）is the most productive grain crop in the world. Sufficient and stable production of maize is of great importance for ensuring worldwide food security. Long-term studies and maize production practice have shown that increasing density tolerance and planting density of maize varieties is crucial for increasing its yield, and breeding an ideal plant architecture is an important way to improve maize density tolerance. Previous reports indicate that more erected leaf angle, lower ear height, fewer tassel branches, and earlier flowering were important components of ideal plant architecture of maize for adapting to high-density planting. Hereby we intend to summarize the research progress in their relationship of four morphological traits with high-density tolerance, their morphological development, and genetic regulation. We also propose several directions for further research on improving density tolerant plant architecture in maize, aiming to provide some useful references for future breeding high-density tolerant maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Regulation of Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology by Small Peptide Hormones HU Hai-lin, XU Li, LI Xiao-xu, WANG Chen-can, MEI Man, DING Wen-jing, ZHAO Yuan-yuan Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 13-25.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1468 Abstract （260）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2169KB）（1011）       Knowledge map    Save Small peptide hormones are usually referred to as peptides containing 5 to 100 amino acids in length. In plants, the contents of small peptide hormones are very low, the molecular weight is small, the quantity is large, and the source and processing mechanism is complex. This gives small peptides a variety of biological functions. They can bind to receptors at very low concentrations, regulate physiological processes such as cell division and growth, tissue and organ differentiation, flowering and fruiting, maturation and senescence, and coordinate plant responses to various stress environments. As an important medium of signal transduction among cells, the molecular mechanism of small peptide hormones in regulating growth and development is the hotspot and front topic in Botany. First the research progress of the structure, synthesis, classification and function of small peptide hormones were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the research progress of CIF, CLE, RALFs, PSK, SYS in regulating plant growth and development and stress physiology was emphatically summarized, and the application prospect of plant small peptide hormones was outlined, which may provide an important theoretical basis for the in-depth research, development and application of plant small peptide hormones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution and Function of Kazachstania Yeast in the Fermentation of Strong Flavor Baijiu YOU Ling, ZHOU Rong-qing, TAN Yi, WANG Tao, QIAO Zong-wei, ZHAO Dong Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (6): 108-116.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1159 Abstract （645）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （3196KB）（997）       Knowledge map    Save This work aims to investigate the growth characteristics and function of Kazachstania yeast in fermentation of strong flavor Baijiu. The 52 OTUs belonging to Kazachstania turicensis and 7 OTUs belonging to Kazachstania humilis were detected by high-throughput sequencing in the fermentation process of strong flavor Baijiu “Wuliangye”,and 63 K. turicensis strains and 30 K. humilis strains were isolated and identified for the study of their characteristics in solid state fermentation. It was revealed that K. turicensis and K. humilis were mainly active in the main fermentation period of 0-24 d and K. turicensis was the major dominant yeast in the main fermentation stage of strong flavor Baijiu “Wuliangye. K. turicensis produced more organic acid than K. humilis;while the difference in ethanol production and sugar utilization between K. turicensis and K. humilis was at the strain level. The average ethanol yield by K. turicensis strains was 4.94 mL/100 g and that by K. humilis strains was 5.67 mL/100 g,1 strain of K. humilis produced 11.11 mL/100 g. K. turicensis and K. humilis mainly produced the favor substances of isoamyl alcohol,isoamyl acetate,furfuryl alcohol,β-phenylethanol,and higher fatty acid ethyl ester in the fermentation of grains. The yield of isoamyl alcohol,furfuryl alcohol and β-phenylethanol by K. humilis strains was significantly higher than that by K. turiciensis strains,while the yield of acetic acid and ethyl ester of higher fatty acids above C10 were significantly lower than that by K. turiensis. The results indicated that Kazachstania yeast could be regarded as one of the landmark species of micro environment in the fermentation of strong flavor Baijiu,and have important impacts on the flavor of strong flavor Baijiu. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Regulation of Plant Branch Development WANG Bing, ZHAO Hui-na, YU Jing, YU Shi-zhou, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 14-22.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1112 Abstract （517）   HTML （69）    PDF（pc） （1205KB）（990）       Knowledge map    Save The development of plant branches is crucial to plant morphology, and the shape of side branches directly affects its yield. The development of side branches is formed by the continuous division and differentiation of stem cells at the growth point, including lateral meristem specialization, lateral meristem initiation and lateral meristem outgrowth. It is jointly regulated by internal growth factors and external environmental signals. This article systematically sums up the basic issues of the origin, formation and dormancy of lateral growth point stem cells during the development of side branching, then also summarizes the mechanism of the formation and development of lateral meristems determined by co-action of transcription factors, hormones, epigenetics, and external environment that determine, providing a reference for exploring the formation mechanism of plant side branches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wnt Signaling Pathway and Innate Immunity of Invertebrate ZOU Chen-chen, RUAN Ling-wei, SHI Hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (5): 182-196.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1073 Abstract （448）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1199KB）（985）       Knowledge map    Save As a conserved signaling pathway,Wnt has been widely studied in different biological processes. Compared with vertebrates,innate immunity in invertebrates that lack acquired immunity is particularly important. In recent years,Wnt signaling pathway in vertebrate immunity has been widely investigated,and its role in invertebrate innate immunity has attracted more and more attentions. Wnt signaling pathway and its important role in invertebrate innate immunity are reviewed to provide new clues for the diseases control of invertebrate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances of Biology in Ditylenchus destructor Thorne,1945 ZHAO Hong-hai, LIANG Chen, ZHANG Yu, DUAN Fang-meng, SONG Wen-wen, SHI Qian-qian, HUANG Wen-kun, PENG De-liang Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (7): 45-55.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0600 Abstract （556）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （1026KB）（978）       Knowledge map    Save The potato rot nematode,Ditylenchus destructor Thorne,1945,is an important plant-pathogenic nematode in the world and a plant quarantine pest on national agriculture of China. It causes harms to many underground fruit-bearing crops such as sweet potato（Ipomoea batatas）,potato（Solanum tuberosum）,garlic（Allium sativum）,etc.,and can also grow and reproduce on a great number of weeds and fungi. D. destructor is benefited by coolness and high humidity,whereas may be adversely affected by high temperature and desiccation. The nematode is mainly carried by infected vegetative propagation materials of host crops for both long-distance dissemination and local dispersal. There are obvious variations in its persistent survival,infection and damage performances among some different host crops,but the related causes and mechanisms have been still essentially unknown. D. destructor is here reviewed in the geographical distribution,host range,reproduction and development,infection cycle,environmental adaptation,and survival and parasitism related molecular mechanisms,main research topics that need to be further explored are pointed out,aiming to provide novel ideas and serviceable references for the research and practice in forewarning and management of the high risk pest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Biosensing Mediated by the Thiol-ene Click Reaction ZHENG Shu-juan, TONG Tao, XU Wen-tao, HUANG Kun-lun Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (12): 243-251.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0329 Abstract （607）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2079KB）（974）       Knowledge map    Save The thiol-ene click reaction is a metal-free catalytic click reaction,which is currently being widely used in molecular labelling,new material synthesis and material surface functionalization. This article describes the reaction mechanism of the thiol-ene click reaction,the factors affecting the reaction,and the biomarker technology mediated by the reaction. On this basis,the article discusses the applications of the sulfhydryl-ene click reaction in biosensing,cell imaging,and biofunctionalization of nanomaterials. Finally,the paper predicts future development direction and application prospects of the thiol-ene click reaction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Plant Nematode Diseases: Serious Challenges to China’s Food Security PENG De-liang Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (7): 1-2.   Abstract （389）   HTML （65）    PDF（pc） （900KB）（954）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Core SNP Markers for Tobacco Germplasm Genotyping YU Shi-zhou, CAO Ling-gai, WANG Shi-ze, LIU Yong, BIAN Wen-jie, REN Xue-liang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (3): 89-100.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0810 Abstract （268）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （5343KB）（952）       Knowledge map    Save Based on kompetitive allele specific PCR（KASP）technology platform, the tobacco SNP（single nucleotide polymorphism）markers and corresponding primers were developed and validated，which could assist tobacco germplasm evaluation, genetic diversity analysis, and core germplasm screening. Using Python and Perl tools, 1 179 154 SNPs covering tobacco genome were designed and screened for KASP primers, and their accuracy and applicability were verified by experiment. As results, 217 621 SNPs were enough for designing corresponding KASP primers. Then 1 378 SNPs were selected for experimental validation, and 732 were approved for SNP marker. Further 48 SNP markers, with an average PIC of 0.36 and an average MAF of 0.39, were finally identified as core markers, and they were evenly distributed on 24 chromosomes of the tobacco genome. The various germplasm, especially the genotypes of current major tobacco cultivars could be distinguished by the 48 core SNPs, and the marking is of extremely high reliability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization and Application of Tobacco Rattle Virus-induced Gene Silencing System in Soybean LI Wen-chen, LIU Xin, KANG Yue, LI Wei, QI Ze-zheng, YU Lu, WANG Fang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 143-150.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1449 Abstract （203）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3074KB）（933）       Knowledge map    Save Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）technology has been widely used in plant gene function research. The efficiency of gene silencing in soybean mediated by tobacco rattle virus（TRV）-based vector system remains to be clarified. The seamless cloning technique was used to construct a TRV-VIGS system to explore the silencing efficiency in soybean target genes in different tissues with different inoculation methods, providing a basis for gene function studies in soybean. Taken phytoene desaturase（GmPDS）and ubiquitin ligase（GmATL3）as target genes, pTRV1 and the recombinant vectors solution were inoculated into soybean（Glycine max）plants Zhonghuang13 by three methods: injection, agroinoculation and a combination of injection plus agroinoculation. The silencing phenotypes were observed at 28 d after inoculation, and the relative expressions of the genes in the roots and leaves were quantified by RT-qPCR to determine the silencing effectiveness of the different methods. Silencing of GmPDS resulted in yellowing and chlorosis on the edges and inside of the leaves, while chlorosis spots and fold chlorosis phenotypes in the leaves surface occurred. The results of RT-qPCR showed that silencing efficiency of GmPDS of all three inoculation methods was close to 100%. The silencing efficiency of GmATL3 by the injection was 80%-95% in the leaves and 40%-60% in the roots; the silencing efficiency of the root inoculation and injection plus root inoculation was 70%-90% in roots and 15%-50% in leaves. Different inoculation methods caused different levels of silencing phenotypes and silencing efficiencies for different endogenous genes. The silencing efficiency of an inoculation method on different tissues was different, and the highest silencing efficiency on the leaves and roots were injection method and injection plus agroinoculation, respectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Chemical Constituents of Taiwanofungus camphoratum and Its Pharmacological Activities LI Jing, FENG Na, WANG Sheng-yang, LIN Zhan-xi Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (11): 14-31.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1052 Abstract （606）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （3131KB）（920）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years,Taiwanofungus camphoratum has been widely concerned for its rare resources and unique pharmacological efficacy. It contains a lot of triterpenoids,polysaccharides and other functional components in T. camphoratum fruiting body,mycelium and fermentation broth,and there are published reports on some of chemical constituents have many pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer,anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and so on. This paper comprehensively sorted the publicly reported main compounds,biological and chemical synthesis and their pharmacological effects,and proposed the expectations and indicated the direction for the development of T. camphoratum industry,aiming to provide a scientific references for the study,development,and application of T. camphoratum,to increase the commercialization and market value of T. camphoratum and to enhance the development of T. camphoratum in China and all over the world. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Metabolites Produced by Bacillus Against Three Common Plant Pathogenic Fungi WANG Wei-chen, ZHAO Jin, HUANG Wei-yi, GUO Xin-zhu, LI Wan-ying, ZHANG Zhuo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (3): 59-68.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1315 Abstract （358）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1140KB）（904）       Knowledge map    Save Plant pathogenic fungi are one of the major threats to agricultural production. Applying biological agents to control pathogenic fungi is widely considered to be a safer and more sustainable strategy. Bacillus species can produce a variety of antifungal active substances（lipopeptides, bacteriocins and enzymes, etc.）, which is the most widely used biocontrol bacteria at present. Biocontrol agents based on Bacillus spp. and its metabolites can effectively control plant pathogenic fungi and play an important role in agricultural production. This paper focuses on the biological control potential of Bacillus metabolites and their antagonistic properties and mechanisms against three common plant pathogenic fungi（Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea）. Several important Bacillus metabolites were introduced by investigating the related literatures published in recent years on the antifungal activities of Bacillus metabolites, and the antifungal effects and mechanisms of Bacillus metabolites on important plant pathogenic fungi were summarized. And meanwhile the research methods and effects of Bacillus metabolites on the damages of cell wall and cell membrane of pathogenic fungi, inhibition of fungal spore germination and mycelial growth, and competitive binding with fungal DNA were summarized. The aim of this review is to provide guidance for the preparation and application of Bacillus biocontrol agents in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Potential PGPR Strains Producting Growth-promoting Volatile Compounds and Study on Their Growth-promoting Characteristics GAO Ya-hui, JIANG Ming-guo, FENG Jing, ZHOU Gui Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (3): 103-112.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0619 Abstract （404）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （4761KB）（889）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this work is to screen the potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR）whose volatile organic compounds（VOCs）can promote plant growth,and to investigate the growth-promoting effect of the VOCs on plants and other growth-promoting functions,which provides new ideas and reliable materials for the research and development of microbial fertilizers. Using 48 functional bacteria isolated from marine samples and preserved in our laboratory as test strains,two-compartment plate test and VOCs pot experiment were used to screen them,16S rRNA to identify them,and GC-MS to analyze the VOCs components produced by the strains. Finally plate activity test was applied to detect the activities of the bacteria for nitrogen fixation,phosphorus solubilization and IAA production. The results showed that a strain of potential PGPR GX14001 was obtained. The VOCs produced by PGPR-GX14001 showed obvious growth-promoting effects on both Nicotiana benthamiana and Brassica chinensis L. seedlings. The strain GX14001 was identified as Microbacterium aurantiacum by 16S rRNA. Seven specific compounds were obtained by GC-MS analysis of VOCs. The GX14001 had strong dissolved organic/inorganic phosphorus activity and general nitrogen fixation activity,but weak IAA production capacity,which was 1.737 μg/mL. PGPR promoted the growth of plants through different growth-promoting mechanisms. The results showed that the VOCs produced by GX14001 had obvious growth-promoting effect on plants,but not high in the other aspects of growth-promoting activity;and there was no high positive correlation between them,indicating that the most important growth-promoting effect was via the produced VOCs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Engineering Non-conventional Yeast Cell Factory for the Biosynthesis of Natural Products YE Min, GAO Jiao-qi, ZHOU Yong-jin Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (8): 12-24.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0815 Abstract （705）   HTML （53）    PDF（pc） （3826KB）（881）       Knowledge map    Save Natural products have been widely applied in medical,cosmetic and food industries. With the increasing of people’s demand,the green sustainable producing process is urgently needed. Recently,microbial cell factories for synthesizing natural products have been rapidly developing,and the current common-used cell factory hosts include Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Non-conventional yeasts have becoming very potential cell factory hosts due to their specific advantages,such as high-cell-density aerobic fermentation,tolerance to a wide range of temperature and pH,and wide substrate spectrum（long-chain hydrocarbons,fatty acids and methanol）. In this review,we summarized recent progresses on engineering non-conventional yeasts for the synthesis of natural products mainly terpenoids and flavonoids,and introduced common engineering methods and strategies. On this basis,we systematically discussed their strengths and weaknesses of novel non-conventional yeasts cell factories,and finally listed the challenges and opportunities while using non-conventional yeasts cell factories for the synthesis of natural products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Regulation of Plant MYB Transcription Factors in Secondary Metabolism and Stress Response WEI Xin-xin, LAN Hai-yan Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (8): 12-23.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1350 Abstract （935）   HTML （64）    PDF（pc） （2460KB）（879）       Knowledge map    Save MYB is one of the largest transcription factor（TF）families in eukaryotes,its members play important roles in plant growth and development,secondary metabolism,biotic and abiotic stress responses and other physiological processes. MYB TFs affect the development and metabolism of plants by regulating the expressions of related genes in signaling pathways via the mutual recognition of specific functional domains with target genes. So far,the functions of some members of MYB TF family have been characterized,involving the function and expression regulation of MYB in plant secondary metabolism,biotic and abiotic stresses,etc. Based on the above research progress,hereby we summarized the recent results of MYB TF study,and which is expected to provide evidence for further study. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Metabolomics in Plant Stress Biology ZHANG Feng, CHEN Wei Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (8): 1-11.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0861 Abstract （973）   HTML （100）    PDF（pc） （2025KB）（877）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years,with continuous and complex environmental changes,biotic and abiotic stresses frequently burst out in nature,and many stresses seriously affect plant normal growth and development,especially crop yield. The metabolic remodeling under stresses are the consequences of interactions between genotypes and surrounding environments,are the direct reflections of plant physiological phenotypes and biochemical activities,and largely reflects the plant response and defense to stresses. The rise of metabolomics provides a reliable way to study the metabolic remodeling in different tissues and under stresses in plants. Meanwhile,the integrations of metabolome with genome,transcriptome,proteome and phenome,especially metabolome-genome association analysis by the integration of genome and metabolome play an important role in revealing the genetic basis of plant response and adaptation to stresses,in improving crop yield and in developing stress-tolerant crop varieties. In this paper,the metabolome research method,the diversity of the metabolic remodeling and the genetic basis of plant metabolome under stresses are reviewed,and the application prospects and limitations of plant metabolomics in plant stress biology are also prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation Mechanism of Phosphate Homeostasis in Plants LIU Chao, CHU Hong-long, WU Li-fang, TANG Li-zhou, HAN Li-hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (2): 184-194.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0472 Abstract （610）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （1642KB）（870）       Knowledge map    Save Phosphorus is one of the essential plant macronutrient,which is an important component of life macromolecules,and plays an indispensable role in the process of plant life cycle. Maintaining phosphate homeostasis is critical for plant growth and environmental response. Phosphate homeostasis uptake and transport in plants involves multiple signaling molecules. The process of plant maintaining phosphate homeostasis mainly includes the activation of soil phosphate homeostasis,the uptake and transportation of phosphate homeostasis,the allocation and remobilization of phosphate in plants. It involves phosphate homeostasis mechanisms such as response to low phosphate homeostasis stress,transcription factor regulation,miRNA regulation,mycorrhizal symbiosis,inter organelle transfer regulation and so on. The research of phosphate homeostasis nutrition mechanism in the future needs the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge,from model plant research to commercial crops. In this paper, we summarized the latest research progress on the core molecules and their mechanisms of uptake and transport of phosphate in plant cells,aiming to provide an important reference for crop engineering and breeding strategies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Inheritance and Breeding Improvement of Rice Quality LI Ran, QIAN Qian, GAO Zhen-yu Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (4): 4-19.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1598 Abstract （884）   HTML （61）    PDF（pc） （1174KB）（862）       Knowledge map    Save With the improvement of people’s living standard,high quality has become breeding aim of rice breeders and concern of consumers. Rice quality includes milling quality,appearance quality,eating and cooking quality,and nutrient quality. First,we reviewed the progress in studies on inheritance and breeding improvement of rice quality. Then we introduced the cloned genes related to rice quality or molecular function of QTLs for rice quality and their application in quality improvement. Based on this,we analyzed the issues encountered at present in rice quality inheritance and improvement prospected future research interests. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Rapid and Accurate Method for Tth DNA Polymerase Activity Assay CHEN Xiao-yu, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Xin-ya, TANG Yu-ting, SHAO Yu-chen, LUO Zhi-dan, LU Chen Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (5): 281-286.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0953 Abstract （679）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （2604KB）（851）       Knowledge map    Save Tth DNA polymerase is a thermostable enzyme with both DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase activities. Traditional methods for activity assay are discontinuous,time consuming,and laborious. We developed a new method for activity assay of Tth DNA polymerase using a highly sensitive double-stranded nucleic acid specific dye PicoGreen,and a specially designed hairpin probe. A good linearity of the standard curve can be established by this method,with the coefficient of determination R2 > 0.99. This method was of high sensitivity and accuracy,and the results by it were consistent with the activity of commercial products. The verification from fluorescence quantitative PCR confirmed that this method may reveal the enzyme activity in real environment. The method can also be extended to other DNA polymerase activity assay,which will provide an effective tool for the production and transformation of DNA polymerase. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of CRISPR-Cas System in Nucleic Acid Detection HU Xiu-wen, LIU Hua, WANG Yu, TANG Xue-ming, WANG Jin-bin, ZENG Hai-juan, JIANG Wei, LI Hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (9): 266-273.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0015 Abstract （559）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （1098KB）（837）       Knowledge map    Save CRISPR-Cas is an efficient and practical gene editing tool,which is widely used in genome editing and regulation. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity,the CRISPR-Cas system also plays an important role in nucleic acid detection. It can detect pathogens,analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）,and detect genetic mutations. The currently discovered Cas series nuclease tools open the door to the development of new strategies for different types of nucleic acid detection for various purposes. In addition,the CRISPR-Cas system is used in nucleic acid detection. The accuracy and efficiency of the field indirectly promote the progress of basic biology and applied biology research. The article outlines the latest developments and uses of different types of CRISPR-Cas systems that target specific nucleic acid detection,and the corresponding new generation of in vitro detection platforms,which provide new research ideas and theoretical basis for the field of nucleic acid detection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progresses on the Drought Resistance of Medicago at Molecular Level LI Qian, JIANG Wen-bo, WANG Yu-xiang, ZHANG Bo, PANG Yong-zhen Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (8): 243-252.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0057 Abstract （410）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1117KB）（817）       Knowledge map    Save Drought stress is one of the most serious environmental constraints for global agricultural production,and it causes severe losses in pasture production. In this paper,drought induction related genes and the main progresses on the breeding of 4 important Medicago plants with drought resistance were reviewed,and the prospects and issues in this field were also discussed. It is suggested that biological technology can be utilized to explore drought-resistance related gene resources,then to preliminarily verify the function of target genes in the model legume plant Medicago truncatula. Further the mechanism of drought resistance response network in M. truncatula was clarified,and then the drought-resistance related genes from Medicago falcata was cloned. Finally,cultivating new alfalfa varieties with high drought-resistance was proposed by using molecular breeding approaches. Cultivating new alfalfa varieties with drought-tolerant is an effective way to improve Medicago growth and yield under drought stress. It is of great significance to obtain drought-tolerant alfalfa germplasm through biotechnology approaches for genetic improvement,and to provide new cultivars during the implementation of the Grain to Feed Policy of China,and ultimately to promote the healthy and sustainable development of grass and animal husbandry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sugar Signaling and Its Role in Plant Response to Environmental Stress CHEN Hong-yan, LI Xiao-er, LI Zhong-guang Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (7): 80-89.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1289 Abstract （796）   HTML （31）    PDF（pc） （2639KB）（815）       Knowledge map    Save Sugar is not only carbon and energy sources as well as structural material in plant cells,but also a signaling molecule,which plays a key role in plant growth,development,and response to environmental stresses. Abiotic stresses,such as high temperature,low temperature,drought,salinity,and heavy metal,are the major stress factors limiting crop yield. The exact mechanism of sugar,as signaling molecule,in plants response to these stresses still remains unclear. Based on the current advance in sugar signaling and its role in the formation of stress tolerance in plants,the hexose kinase（HXK）-,regulator of G protein signaling 1（RGS1）-,glycolysis（EMP）-,and pentose phosphate pathway（PPP）-dependent signaling pathways were separately summarized;and the role of sugar signaling in the developing of plant stress tolerance,including heat,cold,drought,salt,and heavy metal stress tolerance was discussed. In addition,the future research direction of H2S signaling in the field of plant biology was prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Grain Size Regulation Related to Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways YAO Sha-sha, WANG Jing-jing, WANG Jun-jie, LIANG Wei-hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 80-90.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0273 Abstract （352）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （2275KB）（793）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is a major food crop for humans, and how to effectively improve its yield and quality is a major scientific concern. Rice grain size is one of the main factors affecting yield, and research on the regulation of rice grain development is an important guide for using molecular design breeding to improve yield and quality. Grain size is determined by a combination of the length, width and thickness of the grain; it is a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes, and is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality. In recent years, a large number of quantitative trait loci（QTLs）related to grain size have been identified through the study of mutants with seed development defects in rice, and some related genes have been cloned and identified, and the complex signalling pathways regulating grain size in rice are gradually being elucidated. Several studies have found that functional genes regulating rice seed development are involved in the synthesis, catabolism and transport of plant hormones as well as the signal transduction pathways of plant hormones. This review outlines the basic process of rice endosperm development, summarizes the overall the overall understanding of the dynamic changes of plant hormones during endosperm development, focuses on the current research status of QTLs related to phytohormone signalling pathways associated with rice grain size, summarizes and analyses the relationship between the pathways related to cytokinin, brassinosteroid, growth hormone, gibberellin, ethylene and jasmonic acid and grain size regulation, and further sorts out the regulation network of rice grain shape-related phytohormone signaling. It is aimed to provide a reference for identifying and analyzing the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone regulation of rice grain size, and to provide new ideas for rice molecular design breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas-based DNA Base Editing LAI Xin-tong, WANG Ke-lan, YOU Yu-xin, TAN Jun-jie Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (6): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0311 Abstract （648）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （1977KB）（775）       Knowledge map    Save CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has revolutionized biological technology,which is achieved by introducing DSB（double strand break）in target DNA sites followed by cellular DNA repair via non-homologous end joining（NHEJ）or homology-directed repair（HDR）. NHEJ is the main repair pathway in most of cells,it characterized as repair is simple,efficiency is high and it is extremely easy to have errors,and thus presents randomly and unpredictable insertions and deletions（indels）. Point mutations represent the most prevalent form of genetic mutations,which determine the many important agronomic traits in crop plants and cause most of known human genetic diseases. Base editing enables targeted single base substitutions of high efficiency and predicted editing outcomes with neither inducing DSBs in the genomes nor requiring donor templates. Based on its great applicable potentials in the gene therapy,crop breeding as well as basic research,base editing rapidly gains much attentions with numerous applications in agricultural as well as biological fields and considerable progresses having been made to broaden its capabilities. In this review,we summarize the current advances in DNA base editing,focus on improvements in editing efficiency,precision,specificity as well as editing scope,and discuss current limitations and future directions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Antibiotic Adjuvant and Antibiotics in Antibacterial Aspects ZHU Hao, ZHANG Yan-wei, LIU Run, LIANG Yan, YANG Yi, XU Tian-le, YANG Zhang-ping Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (6): 66-73.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0027 Abstract （526）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1584KB）（774）       Knowledge map    Save Antimicrobial resistance has been a global health challenge,which increases the difficulty of controlling and treating life-threatening bacterial infections. Despite ongoing efforts to identify new drugs or alternatives to antibiotics,no new classes of antibiotic or their alternatives have been clinically approved in the last two decades. A combination of antibiotic adjuvants and antibiotics inhibit bacterial resistance determinants or restore antibiotic sensitivity,and offer a sustainable and effective strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. The current review summarizes the classification and mechanism of antibiotic adjuvants,as well as discusses the challenges and development trends of antibiotic adjuvant and antibiotic combination strategy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Preparation and Purification of Kod DNA Polymerase YI Fang, LAI Peng-cheng, ZHENG Xi-ao, HU Shuai, GAO Yan-li Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (5): 183-190.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1210 Abstract （752）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （3661KB）（771）       Knowledge map    Save Kod DNA polymerase,as a common high-fidelity DNA polymerase,has strong DNA extension ability and 3'-5' exonuclease activities. This study is aimed to improve the expression efficiency and extension ability as well as fragment amplification ability by optimizing the isolation and purification conditions of recombinant Kod DNA polymerase. First,isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside（IPTG）was used to induce pET-30a-Kod for expression,and enzymatic dissolution and ultrasonic fragmentation were to grind the cells and extract the crude enzyme solution,then Ni-NTA column was to elute and purify the Kod DNA polymerase. Finally,the high-purity Kod DNA polymerase was obtained by dialysis. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the activity and fidelity of self-purified Kod DNA polymerase. Meanwhile the key parameters such as IPTG and imidazole concentrations were optimized. The results showed that Kod DNA polymerase was highly expressed after induced by 0.1 mmol/L IPTG at 28℃ for 16-18 h,and the eluted effect was optimal while imidazole concentration was 200 mmol/L. The efficiency of the Kod DNA polymerase was the highest while Mg2+ was 1.5 mmol/L and Kod DNA polymerase was 0.061 25 μg/µL in the PCR reaction system,under which 3 194 bp target band was efficiently amplified;and there was no introduced mutation in the PCR product after sequence alignment. The enzymatic activity and fidelity of self-extracted Kod DNA polymerase after optimized preparation reached the same level of commercial high-fidelity DNA polymerase. Thus,this study lays a foundation for saving the cost of laboratory PCR and further developing and utilizing Kod DNA polymerase. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Methods of Analyzing Proteome in Blood Samples WANG Zhi-bo, WANG Dao-ping, MIAO Lan, LI Ying, PAN Ying-hong, LIU Jian-xun Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (8): 307-318.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0183 Abstract （520）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （4693KB）（770）       Knowledge map    Save The objective is to compare and optimize the technologies of blood sample preparation and mass spectrometry analysis,for further studying and mining proteomic information in blood samples. A Q-Exactive Plus mass-spectrometer was used to compare the proteome composition of R. norvegicus blood samples prepared from plasma,serum and serum with high-abundance protein removed. The efficiency of trypsin digestion of serum proteins was also investigated by using conventional digestion,45℃ digestion,heat assisted digestion,repeated heat assisted digestion,urea assisted digestion and variable temperature digestion. Then the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of three mass spectrometry analysis methods,Data-Dependent Acquisition（DDA）,Data Independent Acquisition（DIA）and Parallel Reaction Monitoring（PRM）were compared. Finally,the blood sample of R. norvegicus was analyzed based on optimized proteomic technologies. After removing high-abundance protein from serum samples,the number of identified proteins was higher and the quantitative repeatability was better. The number of identified proteins and peptides,and the rate of matched mass spectrum were relatively high when serum samples digested by heat assisted digestion and variable temperature digestion. The efficiency of these two digestion methods and the repeatability of their qualitative and quantitative data were acceptable. Compared the three mass spectrometry methods,DDA was more convenient,DIA was highly reproducible and PRM was more accurate. The 490,490 and 504 proteins were identified in 3 repeated experiments respectively when high-abundance protein was removed from serum samples and digested proteins with heat assisted-variable temperature digestion and collected data by DDA method. While a total of 590 proteins were detected,and repetition rate of identified protein was 69.8%. In conclusion,the optimized method has advantages of simple operation,high protein identification rate and good repeatability,and is suitable for proteomic analysis of blood samples. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Advances on the Mechanism of Beneficial Microbial Fertilizers in Crops WU Qi-man, ZHANG Jin-mei, LI Yue-ying, ZHANG Ying Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (5): 221-230.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0846 Abstract （637）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （1171KB）（768）       Knowledge map    Save Microbial fertilizer is a new type of environmentally friendly biological fertilizer,and it may promote plant growth,increase fruit quality,and improve soil quality. By building a fine connection between plants and microorganisms,the environment can be developed sustainably and “Circular economy” may be formed,which thereby effectively promotes the overall development of organic agriculture. This article reviews the roles of beneficial microbial fertilizers in improving soil physical and chemical properties,promoting plant growth and improving fruit quality,as well as increasing plant stress resistance and disease resistance. It also briefly introduces the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between microorganisms and plants. Meanwhile it prospects the application prospects in organic agriculture. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low Temperature Stress Response Mediated by Protein Ubiquitination in Plant WU Feng-zhang, WANG He-xin Biotechnology Bulletin    2021, 37 (6): 225-235.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1389 Abstract （474）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （1921KB）（763）       Knowledge map    Save Low-temperature stress restricts plant growth,development,and geographical distribution. A large transcriptome reprogramming occurs as a response to low-temperature stress in diverse species,and a number of proteins have been identified as important factors in this adaptive response. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that regulates abundance,activities,subcellular compartmentalization and transport,and involved in the low-temperature stress response. The E3 is a major component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that recognizes the target protein and transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 to the target protein. Owing to its substrate recognition specificity,the E3 regulates various signaling pathways involved in the low-temperature stress response in plants. Therefore,components involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system are summarized in the present study,and the role of E3 in the low-temperature stress response is described in detail. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Mitigative Effects of Rhizosphere Microorganisms on Heavy Metal Stress in Plants and Their Mechanisms YANG Lu, XIN Jian-pan, TIAN Ru-nan Biotechnology Bulletin    2022, 38 (3): 213-225.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0811 Abstract （695）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （1154KB）（763）       Knowledge map    Save Phytoremediation technology has become an important means in green remediation of heavy metal pollution. Under heavy metal stress,rhizosphere microorganisms can effectively improve plant growth and physiological metabolism,and enhance the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals in plants. This paper first discusses the rhizosphere microbial composition and root-microbe interaction,and analyses the mitigative effects of plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on plant resistance to heavy metal stress. Meanwhile,the article also discusses the mechanism of the rhizosphere microbes alleviating heavy metal toxicity from the aspects of microorganism,plant root exudates,plant ethylene synthesis,plant photosynthesis,plant antioxidant defense system,water and nutrient absorption and rhizospheric soil microenvironment. Finally,this paper combines the current research status and draws some conclusions. Such as,finding new strains of beneficial to plant growth under heavy metal stress,exploring the interaction between different microorganisms in the rhizosphere under heavy metal stress,and revealing the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant root-microbial interaction system under heavy metal stress,aiming to provide guidance for the theoretical research and practice of microbial assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics