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Molecular Design of Ideal Plant Architecture for High-density Tolerance of Maize Plant WANG Bao-bao, WANG Hai-yang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 11-30.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0660 Abstract （423）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （1778KB）（1092）       Knowledge map    Save Maize（Zea mays L.）is the most productive grain crop in the world. Sufficient and stable production of maize is of great importance for ensuring worldwide food security. Long-term studies and maize production practice have shown that increasing density tolerance and planting density of maize varieties is crucial for increasing its yield, and breeding an ideal plant architecture is an important way to improve maize density tolerance. Previous reports indicate that more erected leaf angle, lower ear height, fewer tassel branches, and earlier flowering were important components of ideal plant architecture of maize for adapting to high-density planting. Hereby we intend to summarize the research progress in their relationship of four morphological traits with high-density tolerance, their morphological development, and genetic regulation. We also propose several directions for further research on improving density tolerant plant architecture in maize, aiming to provide some useful references for future breeding high-density tolerant maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Regulation of Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology by Small Peptide Hormones HU Hai-lin, XU Li, LI Xiao-xu, WANG Chen-can, MEI Man, DING Wen-jing, ZHAO Yuan-yuan Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 13-25.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1468 Abstract （260）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2169KB）（1011）       Knowledge map    Save Small peptide hormones are usually referred to as peptides containing 5 to 100 amino acids in length. In plants, the contents of small peptide hormones are very low, the molecular weight is small, the quantity is large, and the source and processing mechanism is complex. This gives small peptides a variety of biological functions. They can bind to receptors at very low concentrations, regulate physiological processes such as cell division and growth, tissue and organ differentiation, flowering and fruiting, maturation and senescence, and coordinate plant responses to various stress environments. As an important medium of signal transduction among cells, the molecular mechanism of small peptide hormones in regulating growth and development is the hotspot and front topic in Botany. First the research progress of the structure, synthesis, classification and function of small peptide hormones were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the research progress of CIF, CLE, RALFs, PSK, SYS in regulating plant growth and development and stress physiology was emphatically summarized, and the application prospect of plant small peptide hormones was outlined, which may provide an important theoretical basis for the in-depth research, development and application of plant small peptide hormones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Regulation of Plant Branch Development WANG Bing, ZHAO Hui-na, YU Jing, YU Shi-zhou, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 14-22.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1112 Abstract （519）   HTML （69）    PDF（pc） （1205KB）（990）       Knowledge map    Save The development of plant branches is crucial to plant morphology, and the shape of side branches directly affects its yield. The development of side branches is formed by the continuous division and differentiation of stem cells at the growth point, including lateral meristem specialization, lateral meristem initiation and lateral meristem outgrowth. It is jointly regulated by internal growth factors and external environmental signals. This article systematically sums up the basic issues of the origin, formation and dormancy of lateral growth point stem cells during the development of side branching, then also summarizes the mechanism of the formation and development of lateral meristems determined by co-action of transcription factors, hormones, epigenetics, and external environment that determine, providing a reference for exploring the formation mechanism of plant side branches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization and Application of Tobacco Rattle Virus-induced Gene Silencing System in Soybean LI Wen-chen, LIU Xin, KANG Yue, LI Wei, QI Ze-zheng, YU Lu, WANG Fang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 143-150.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1449 Abstract （203）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3074KB）（935）       Knowledge map    Save Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）technology has been widely used in plant gene function research. The efficiency of gene silencing in soybean mediated by tobacco rattle virus（TRV）-based vector system remains to be clarified. The seamless cloning technique was used to construct a TRV-VIGS system to explore the silencing efficiency in soybean target genes in different tissues with different inoculation methods, providing a basis for gene function studies in soybean. Taken phytoene desaturase（GmPDS）and ubiquitin ligase（GmATL3）as target genes, pTRV1 and the recombinant vectors solution were inoculated into soybean（Glycine max）plants Zhonghuang13 by three methods: injection, agroinoculation and a combination of injection plus agroinoculation. The silencing phenotypes were observed at 28 d after inoculation, and the relative expressions of the genes in the roots and leaves were quantified by RT-qPCR to determine the silencing effectiveness of the different methods. Silencing of GmPDS resulted in yellowing and chlorosis on the edges and inside of the leaves, while chlorosis spots and fold chlorosis phenotypes in the leaves surface occurred. The results of RT-qPCR showed that silencing efficiency of GmPDS of all three inoculation methods was close to 100%. The silencing efficiency of GmATL3 by the injection was 80%-95% in the leaves and 40%-60% in the roots; the silencing efficiency of the root inoculation and injection plus root inoculation was 70%-90% in roots and 15%-50% in leaves. Different inoculation methods caused different levels of silencing phenotypes and silencing efficiencies for different endogenous genes. The silencing efficiency of an inoculation method on different tissues was different, and the highest silencing efficiency on the leaves and roots were injection method and injection plus agroinoculation, respectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Grain Size Regulation Related to Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways YAO Sha-sha, WANG Jing-jing, WANG Jun-jie, LIANG Wei-hong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 80-90.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0273 Abstract （352）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （2275KB）（794）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is a major food crop for humans, and how to effectively improve its yield and quality is a major scientific concern. Rice grain size is one of the main factors affecting yield, and research on the regulation of rice grain development is an important guide for using molecular design breeding to improve yield and quality. Grain size is determined by a combination of the length, width and thickness of the grain; it is a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes, and is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality. In recent years, a large number of quantitative trait loci（QTLs）related to grain size have been identified through the study of mutants with seed development defects in rice, and some related genes have been cloned and identified, and the complex signalling pathways regulating grain size in rice are gradually being elucidated. Several studies have found that functional genes regulating rice seed development are involved in the synthesis, catabolism and transport of plant hormones as well as the signal transduction pathways of plant hormones. This review outlines the basic process of rice endosperm development, summarizes the overall the overall understanding of the dynamic changes of plant hormones during endosperm development, focuses on the current research status of QTLs related to phytohormone signalling pathways associated with rice grain size, summarizes and analyses the relationship between the pathways related to cytokinin, brassinosteroid, growth hormone, gibberellin, ethylene and jasmonic acid and grain size regulation, and further sorts out the regulation network of rice grain shape-related phytohormone signaling. It is aimed to provide a reference for identifying and analyzing the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone regulation of rice grain size, and to provide new ideas for rice molecular design breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Prospects of Maize Super High Yield Research in China LIU Yue-e, XU Tian-jun, CAI Wan-tao, LYU Tian-fang, ZHANG Yong, XUE Hong-he, WANG Rong-huan, ZHAO Jiu-ran Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 52-61.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0555 Abstract （263）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1088KB）（741）       Knowledge map    Save Maize, as the largest grain crop with the largest planting area and highest total yield in China, is crucial for food and feed security in China. In the increasingly tense situation of arable land resources, the space for expanding the area of crop in China is limited in the future, and the increase in crop production mainly relies on the increase in yield per unit area. In 2023, the No. 1 Central Document of the Central Government clearly proposed that we should pay full attention to grain production, carry out the construction of 1 t grain yield per 667 m2, and implement the project of increasing maize yield per unit area. The super high yield of maize is the embodiment of the highest level of excellent cultivars, production conditions, and cultivation management techniques. This article comprehensively elaborates on the policy support, current status of high yield records, distribution and meteorological characteristics of super high yield fields, and technical key points for creating super high yield. On this basis, suggestions are put forward for the large-scale high-yield creation of maize in China, including increasing scientific research investment, strengthening the breeding of new cultivars, strengthening the integration of cultivation techniques for demonstration and promotion, and strengthening the construction of farmland infrastructure. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research in Maize Dwarf Genes and Dwarf Breeding WANG Tian-yi, WANG Rong-huan, WANG Xia-qing, ZHANG Ru-yang, XU Rui-bin, JIAO Yan-yan, SUN Xuan, WANG Ji-dong, SONG Wei, ZHAO Jiu-ran Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 43-51.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0504 Abstract （345）   HTML （45）    PDF（pc） （1112KB）（716）       Knowledge map    Save Plant height is an important agronomic trait which affects maize architecture and planting density. Breeding plants with dwarf/semi-dwarf architectures could tolerate high-density planting and contribute to yield increase. However, most dwarf mutants have severely reduced yield and are difficult to be applied in breeding. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the regulation mechanism of maize plant height and to find out the excellent allele variation in plant height genes. It can improve the plant-type of maize, increase the light use efficiency and enhance the tolerance of population to water and fertilizer. Here we reviewed the quantitative trait locus of plant height excavated so far. We also explained that the cloned genes related to plant height are mainly regulated by plant hormones, microtubule-associated proteins and flower factors. Then we summarized the application and limitations of brachytic2 gene in maize dwarf breeding research, and looked forward to the important value of dwarf favorable alleles and their molecular markers, as well as modern biotechnology in the creation of dwarf germplasm resources. These efforts will promote the research on the genetic mechanism of maize plant height, and provide reference for the molecular breeding of dwarf maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progresses on WOX Family Genes in Regulating Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Response FENG Shan-shan, WANG Lu, ZHOU Yi, WANG You-ping, FANG Yu-jie Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1098 Abstract （557）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （2910KB）（657）       Knowledge map    Save The WOX（WUSCHEL-related homeobox）proteins comprise a plant-specific transcription factor family, which contain a DNA-binding homeodomain（HD）consisting of 65-66 amino acid residues. WOX family members are involved in important biological processes such as plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stress by regulating the expressions of target genes at the transcriptional level. This article reviews the classification and structural characteristics of plant WOX family members, and focusing on the functional research progress in the regulation of plant growth and development（such as root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed, and embryo）and plant responses to abiotic（including drought, salt, and cold）stresses. The significance of studying of WOX transcription factors and the issues to be solved are also prospected, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the function of WOX family genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 System Modifying Saccharomycescerevisiae CHEN Xiao-ling, LIAO Dong-qing, HUANG Shang-fei, CHEN Ying, LU Zhi-long, CHEN Dong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 148-158.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1534 Abstract （201）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3014KB）（637）       Knowledge map    Save Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of widely used industrial strains, it is extremely important to increase its performance via modifying S. cerevisiae; however, there are cumbersome steps and long-cycle by traditional modifying method. CRISPR/Cas9 system is an adaptive defense system found in bacteria and archaea. At present, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a powerful tool for genome editing, which can simultaneously modify multiple genes of S. cerevisiae. This review provided a brief overview of the function and construction of CRISPR/Cas9 system in S. cerevisiae gene editing, introduced the design rules and representative design tools of sgRNA targeting sequences, as well as summarized the multiple-gene editing strategy. Moreover, the review discussed the challenges in application of CRISPR/Cas9 system, including off target and low editing efficiency, and their control measures, which may provide the references for better applying CRISPR/Cas9 system modifying S. cerevisiae. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Broad-spectrum Antagonistic Bacterial Strains Against Vegetable Soft Rot Pathogen and Its Control Effects MA Jun-xiu, WU Hao-qiong, JIANG Wei, YAN Geng-xuan, HU Ji-hua, ZHANG Shu-mei Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 228-240.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1349 Abstract （174）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （5675KB）（610）       Knowledge map    Save To obtain a broad-spectrum biocontrol strain with high efficiency against vegetable soft rot bacteria, in this study, a biocontrol strain DJ1 with good inhibition effect on three pathogens was screened from vegetable rhizosphere soil by the method of bacteriostasis circle, using soft rot pathogen of Chinese cabbage Pectobacterium carotovorum BC2, onion Burkholderia gladioli YC1 and baby cabbage Pseudomonas sp. WWC2 as the targets. Antagonistic strains were isolated and screened from vegetable rhizosphere soil by gradient dilution and bacteriostatic zone method. Through morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the species of the biocontrol strains were identified, and their the growth characteristics were studied. The Oxford Cup method was used to determine the bacteriostasis of the biocontrol strains on 3 strains of soft rot and 3 strains of human pathogenic bacteria, and the plate confrontation method to determine the bacteriostasis on 8 strains of plant pathogenic fungi. Needling inoculation method was applied to determine the control effect on vegetables leaves in vitro and field, and X-gal chromogenic method to determine the degradation activities of quorum-sensing signal factors against Chinese cabbage soft rot pathogen. The growth characteristics of the strain, its ability to degrade quorum sensing signal factors, its bacteriostatic spectrum and its field control effect on soft rot of Chinese cabbage were studied. The results showed that 18 antagonistic strains were selected from 1 012 bacteria isolated from 20 soil samples, among which 1 biocontrol strain DJ1 had antibacterial activity against 3 soft rot pathogens YC1, BC2 and WWC2. The antibacterial zone diameters were（10.60±0.20）,（6.92±0.56）and（3.92±0.16）mm, respectively. The strain DJ1 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The optimal growth temperature of strain DJ1 was 30℃, and it had good salt tolerance and grew under 1%-5% NaCl. It had the ability to degrade the quorum-sensing signaling factors of Chinese cabbage, and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and 8 plant pathogenic fungi. The 1×108 CFU/mL of bacterial solution was 84.30%, 60.21% and 69.96% in vitro against soft rot of Chinese cabbage, onion and baby cabbage, respectively, and 79.91% in field. Therefore, B. velezensis DJ1 presents potential application in the control of vegetable soft rot. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Liquiritin ZHOU Ding-ding, LI Hui-hu, TANG Xing-yong, YU Fa-xin, KONG Dan-yu, LIU Yi Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 44-53.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1249 Abstract （288）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3519KB）（581）       Knowledge map    Save Licorice（Gan-Cao）is a popular herbal medicine derived from the dried roots and stolons of special species in the genus Glycyrrhiza（Fabaceae）and is recorded in the pharmacopoeias of many countries. Various critical secondary metabolites provide licorice many important pharmaceutical activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory. Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin are the most important bioactive compounds in licorice. In recent years, the biosynthesis and regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in licorice have been well-studied. In this review, we introduce the biosynthetic pathways of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin, and summarize progress of the regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin biosynthesis. At last, we propose future perspectives for studying the biosynthesis and regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in licorice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Flower Petal Coloration and Molecular Breeding ZHANG He-chen, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Xiao-chen, WANG Hui-juan, LI Yan-min, WANG Li-min, FU Zhen-zhu, LI Bao-yin Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 23-31.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1229 Abstract （287）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （2063KB）（559）       Knowledge map    Save Flavonoids/anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains are the main chemical substances for the coloration of flower petals. Among them, flavonoids/anthocyanins are the most widespread pigments determining the coloration of flower petals in most plants; whereas carotenoids play an important role in the color rendering of yellow to orange red petals in some specific plants. Betalains specially exists in some Caryophyllaceaes, including betaxanthins and betacyanins. At present, the molecular networks of their biosynthesis have been elucidated, and mainly controlled by a series of structural genes. Some regulators related to the pigment synthesis have been also identified in many plants. Moreover, the molecular breeding based on exogenous gene expression or endogenous gene editing have been successfully applied in the coloration improvements of some ornamental plants. In this review, the molecular basis, regulatory mechanism and molecular breeding application for the synthesis of three types of pigments in plants are systematically summarized. It is conducive for us to improve our understanding of the pigments synthesis-related regulatory network in plants, and expected to provide an theoretical support for future molecular breeding of flower colorations in ornamental plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dense Planting for High Yield - The Key Goal of Maize Breeding in China YAN Jian-bing, ZHAO Jiu-ran Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 1-3.   Abstract （346）   HTML （55）    PDF（pc） （1061KB）（556）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of bHLH Gene Family in Plants and Its Application Prospects in Medical Plants AN Chang, LU Lin, SHEN Meng-qian, CHEN Sheng-zhen, YE Kang-zhuo, QIN Yuan, ZHENG Ping Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (10): 1-16.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0243 Abstract （279）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （3127KB）（528）       Knowledge map    Save The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor represents the second largest family of transcription factors in the plant kingdom. It is widely distributed across the genomes of various plants and plays crucial regulatory roles in plant growth, development, secondary metabolism, and responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we present a comprehensive review focusing on the structural characteristics, taxonomic rules, and biological functions of the bHLH gene family, with particular emphasis on its involvement in plant growth, development, responses to abiotic stresses (such as drought, low temperature, salt, and heavy metals), and its significant role in the biosynthesis and dynamic accumulation of secondary metabolites. This thorough investigation allows for a deeper understanding of the contributions of bHLH to growth, development, stress resistance, and quality formation in plants. Moreover, it provides valuable insights for future research concerning the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bHLH in plant growth, development, stress resistance, quality formation, and the exploration of germplasm resources. Furthermore, bHLH has emerged as a prominent focus in the realms of molecular biopharmacology and ecological agriculture of Chinese medicine due to its extensive involvement in regulating the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. We also summarize recent progress on the bHLH gene family and its members within two medicinal plants, namely Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Artemisia annua. This investigation aims to offer valuable references for in-depth studies on the bHLH gene family in medicinal plants and to propose novel ideas for the advancement of molecular breeding and anthropomorphic cultivation of medicinal plants, as well as the development of ecological agriculture for Chinese medicine. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Analysis Techniques ZHANG Xue-ping, LU Yu-qing, ZHANG Yue-qian, LI Xiao-juan Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 32-43.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1106 Abstract （332）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1860KB）（514）       Knowledge map    Save Extracellular vesicles（EVs）are nanoscale vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer structure released by cells through exocytosis under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs, as carriers of information such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, can shuttle between cells to play function of material transfer and information exchange, thus they are important for intercellular communication. In recent years, the research of EVs in plant has also been deepening, and there have been great progress in their research and analysis technologies. In this review, we briefly introduce the composition of extracellular vesicles. Then we summarize the current progress in the biological functions of EVs in plants. Furthermore, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of EV isolation and enrichment methods, as well as the application of EVs in situ imaging technology. Finally, we prospect the potential technologies for the research of plant EVs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epigenetic Regulation of Yield-related Traits in Maize and Epibreeding ZHANG Dao-lei, GAN Yu-jun, LE Liang, PU Li Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 31-42.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0378 Abstract （299）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1928KB）（511）       Knowledge map    Save Crop phenotypic diversity is influenced by many factors, and epigenetic variation can control crop traits and stress response through epigenetic modification to regulate gene expressions, and then affect crop yield. The main agronomic traits affecting maize yield include plant height, leaf angle and root. In addition, germplasm resources, biotic stress and abiotic stress are also key factors affecting maize yield. The main epigenetic regulation modes in crops include histone modification, DNA modification, RNA modification, non-coding RNA and chromatin remodeling. In this review, the epigenetic mechanism of the main agronomic traits in maize is summarized from the perspective of epigenetic regulation, and the new strategy of epigenetics-mediated crop breeding（epibreeding）to improve maize yield is proposed in combination with CRISPR/Cas-based epigenome editing technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on the Expressions of Foreign Proteins in Plants JIANG Min-xuan, LI Kang, LUO Liang, LIU Jian-xiang, LU Hai-ping Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 110-122.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0662 Abstract （338）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （2614KB）（509）       Knowledge map    Save The system using plants as hosts to express foreign proteins is called molecular farming. The production of foreign proteins in plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has the advantages of high efficiency, safety and low cost. Especially, protein post-translational modification in plants can make up for the defects of the prokaryotic expression system. In this review, we firstly introduce advances in tobacco leaf transient expression or rice endosperm specific expression, especially some typical examples of producing pharmaceutical proteins, medical compounds, and vaccines in molecular farming. In terms of optimizing bioreactors and improving expression efficiency, we then focus the regulation in protein post-translation, including the role of protease inhibitors, and the effects of glycosylation modification processes, and molecular chaperones co-expression on the expressions of foreign proteins. Finally, based on the foreign proteins accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum（ER）would induce stress to ER, we propose the feasibility of increasing expression efficiency of foreign proteins by optimizing the ER environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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QTL Mapping of Sorghum Plant Height and Internode Numbers Based on Super-GBS Technique XU Jian-xia, DING Yan-qing, FENG Zhou, CAO Ning, CHENG Bin, GAO Xu, ZOU Gui-hua, ZHANG Li-yi Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 185-194.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1510 Abstract （138）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （2665KB）（506）       Knowledge map    Save Plant height and its relative traits are key factors that affect plant type and yield of sorghum. Mapping major QTL for these traits may provide a basis for genetic improvement in sorghum. In this study, a RI population including 205 lines obtained from a cross between American cultivar BTx623 and Guizhou liquor-brewing cultivar Hongyingzi was used to investigate plant height and internode numbers under five environments. The genetic map was constructed based on genotype data from Super-GBS technology, and major QTLs were identified by inclusive composite interval mapping（ICIM）. Totally, eighteen major QTLs were detected on chromosome 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9, of which 7 and 11 QTLs were related to plant height and internode numbers, respectively. Ten major QTLs were repeatedly detected in multiple environments or two traits, of which qPH9.1 was consistent with the known plant high gene Dw1, while qPH1.2, qPH3.2, qIN3.2 and qIN8.1 were colocalized with four homologous genes involving in plant height or internode elongation in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Improvement of Microbial Strain Tolerance and Efficiency of Biological Manufacturing Based on Transporter Engineering LI Xin-yue, ZHOU Ming-hai, FAN Ya-chao, LIAO Sha, ZHANG Feng-li, LIU Chen-guang, SUN Yue, ZHANG Lin, ZHAO Xin-qing Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 123-136.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0750 Abstract （171）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （1840KB）（495）       Knowledge map    Save Microbial cell factories have been extensively used for sustainable production of biofuels, as well as high value and bulk chemicals. However, high concentration products or substrates, as well as stressful conditions during industrial production, may compromise fermentation efficiency and decreasing economics of production. In this context, microbial stress tolerance is crucial for green and sustainable production of the target products. In recent years, the use of transporters to protect microbial cells from toxic compounds for enhancing strain tolerance has received increasing worldwide attention. This review summarizes the progress of studies on microbial strain tolerance enhancement based on transporter engineering, analyses the current key points in the field of transporter research and discusses strategies to enhance strain tolerance based on transporter manipulation. Especially，the review highlights the applications of artificial intelligence in transporter annotation, structure simulation and substrate-transporter interaction prediction, aiming to promote the application of microorganisms in biological manufacturing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Chemical Proteomics in Identifying the Molecular Targets of Natural Products ZHOU Lu-qi, CUI Ting-ru, HAO Nan, ZHAO Yu-wei, ZHAO Bin, LIU Ying-chao Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (9): 12-26.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0188 Abstract （167）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （10232KB）（485）       Knowledge map    Save The development and utilization of new green pesticides are conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. Studying active leading discovery and action mechanisms based on natural products is essential for creating new pesticides. However, its target and action mechanism are difficult to determine, which hinders its development in new drug research and development. Therefore, discovering compound new targets is an important and arduous task for creating new pesticides. As a new technology in the post-genomic era, chemical proteomics has become one of the essential means of drug targeting. This paper reviewed the discovery methods and typical cases of molecular targets of chemical compounds based on proteomics and introduced main principles, applications, advantages and limitations of these technologies, aiming to provide references for the research of natural product targets and new pesticide creation by explaining the progress of the latest methods of discovering drug action targets based on chemical proteomics. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Premature Bolting on the Rhizosphere Soil Microenvironment of Angelica sinensis XIE Tian-peng, ZHANG Jia-ning, DONG Yong-jun, ZHANG Jian, JING Ming Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 206-218.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1446 Abstract （151）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （5808KB）（464）       Knowledge map    Save The changes of rhizosphere soil microenvironment during Angelica sinensis bolting were explored to provide new ideas for solving the problem of premature bolting. A. sinensis was taken as the research object, the soil properties, bacterial community and metabolite in the rhizosphere soil were determined by 16S rDNA and GC-MC techniques in bolting and unbolting A. sinensis, and the correlation among them was studied. The results show that nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of bolting groups were significantly higher than those of unbolting ones. There was no difference between bolting and unbolting groups in the diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial community and the structure of dominant bacteria, thus the bacterial community was alike. However, there were significantly differences among 10 non-dominant genera. There were 66 metabolites in the rhizosphere soil of bolting groups, which were different from the unbolting ones, 52 of which were significantly up and 14 significantly down. The differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in 7 related pathways of amino acid metabolism, heterogeneous biodegradation and metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The nitrate nitrogen content, Phaselicystis, Rubellimicrobium were significantly negatively correlated to the differential metabolites of bolting groups（P<0.05）. The nitrate nitrogen was mainly negatively related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, while Phaselicystis and Rubellimicrobium were mainly negatively related to the degradation of aminobenzoate, arginine and proline metabolism. The premature bolting of A. sinensis was related to the increase of nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil, and the premature bolting will cause significant changes in the relative abundance of non-dominant bacteria and metabolites in the rhizosphere soil. The increase of nitrate nitrogen content may be related to the change of the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas, but further research is still needed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Extraction and Functional Activities of Bioactive Peptides from Fish Skin YOU Zi-juan, CHEN Han-lin, DENG Fu-cai Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 91-104.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1265 Abstract （155）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1363KB）（450）       Knowledge map    Save Deep processing of fish skin waste in aquatic products processing can turn waste into treasure in high-value-added way and reduce environmental pollution, and the bioactive peptides from fish skin possess antioxidant, antihypertensive and antibacterial effects, etc. The methods of extraction, separation and identification of bioactive peptides from fish skin waste and their functional activities were discussed in depth, which may provide theoretical basis for the development of food, health products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and chemical products. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of enzyme, chemical and fermentation methods for the extraction of bioactive peptides from fish skin are reviewed. Compared with chemical methods, enzyme method is widely used, by which the bioactive peptides have higher activity; the cost of fermentation method is low, and it is suitable for mass production. The separation, purification and identification methods of fish skin bioactive peptides, such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, gel filtration, ion exchange, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are summarized. The combination of multiple separation and identification methods to obtain fish skin bioactive peptides with specific functional activities is the first choice, but to obtain high purity and high activity of the target products is still a difficult breakthrough. In addition, the functional activities of fish skin bioactive peptides, such as antioxidant properties, inhibitory activities of angiotensin converting enzyme（ACE）, antibacterial properties, and other bioactivities are analyzed, and the structure-activity relationship between functional activities and molecular weight, sequence structure and location of the peptides is summarized. Finally, the deficiencies of functional activity research, the development of bioactive peptides, and the direction of further research are prospected, aiming to provide reference for the fish processing industry in making high-value functional products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modification of Pichia pastoris for Erythritol Production by Metabolic Engineering ZHAO Si-jia, WANG Xiao-lu, SUN Ji-lu, TIAN Jian, ZHANG Jie Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 137-147.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0138 Abstract （273）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （5136KB）（436）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to construct an erythritol-producing strain using Pichia pastoris as the chassis cell. An erythritol-producing P. pastoris strain was developed by regulating the expression of phosphofructokinase gene（pfk）in glycolysis pathway, knocking out the genes associated with the production of by-products arabitol and ribitol, and overexpressing 4-phosphate erythrose phosphorylase, erythrose reductase and sugar alcohol phosphatase genes derived from different organisms. Next, we investigated the effects of overexpressions of erythrose reductase and two key enzymes transketolase（TKL）and ribulose-phosphate epimerase（RPE）involved in pentose phosphate pathway on the erythritol production. The results showed that strain C8 harboring pyp1 gene derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and yidA gene derived from Escherichia coli had the ability to produce erythritol. The erythritol production of the C8 strain in shake-flask fermentation was 30 mg/L. Furthermore, the overexpression of tkl and rpe genes enhanced the erythritol production of C10 strain by about 40-fold. The erythritol production of C10 reached 1.2 and 10.6 g/L in the shake-flask and high-cell-density fermentations, respectively. Further the overexpression of erythrose reductase did not cause the erythritol production increased, while caused the production of by-products increased. In this study, the erythritol synthetic pathway was successfully constructed in P. pastoris for the first time, which laid a foundation for engineering P. pastoris for efficient production of erythritol and other high-value compounds. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Genomic Studies and Metabolic Engineering of Red Yeasts LI Yu-zhen, MEI Tian-xiu, LI Zhi-wen, WANG Qi, LI Jun, ZOU Yue, ZHAO Xin-qing Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 67-79.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1426 Abstract （189）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2219KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save Red yeast is a general term for a class of red pigment-producing yeast, and they are widely distributed in various ecological environments such as soil, sea, rivers and lakes. Red yeasts have the ability to produce polysaccharides, oils, carotenoids and other active substances and thus own great potential for applications in agriculture, food, medicine and cosmetics. In recent years, studies on red yeast including their applications, genome sequencing and key metabolic enzymes have expanded the in-depth knowledge of this important group of yeast. In addition, progress has been made in genome editing and metabolic engineering modification of these yeasts, providing basis for developing more efficient red yeast strains for industrial applications. Here, we review the applications of red yeast and related research advances in genomic studies and metabolic engineering. This review would be helpful for better understanding the physiology and metabolic features of red yeast, as well as utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable bioproduction using red yeast. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and Identification of a Bacillus safensis Strain GX-H6 and Its Biocontrol Effect on Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice REN Pei-dong, PENG Jian-ling, LIU Sheng-hang, YAO Zi-ting, ZHU Gui-ning, LU Guang-tao, LI Rui-fang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (5): 243-253.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1153 Abstract （245）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （6897KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save Bacterial leaf streak（BLS）, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola（Xoc）, is emerging as a serious disease in rice fields of southern China. In order to screen biocontrol bacteria for controlling BLS, we had Xoc wild-type strain GX01 as indicator, a bacterium with antagonistic effect to Xoc was isolated from the samples of peanut rhizosphere soil by using bacterial plate dilution and Oxford cup methods, and named as GX-H6. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical data, 16S rDNA and evolutionary tree analysis, this strain was identified to be Bacillus safensis. Antagonistic experiments revealed that the B. safensis GX-H6 strain effectively repressed the growths of several xanthomonads and plant pathogenic fungi, particularly the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight（BB）of rice. Further greenhouse and field rice plant experiments showed that this strain effectively controlled BLS and BB of rice. Genome analysis indicated that the GX-H6 strain contained a variety of genes related to antifungal, environmental competition, and the production of lichenysin, plantazolicin and bacilysin. Overall, the B. safensis strain GX-H6 is a potential novel biocontrol agent for developing pesticides and exploring novel bacteriostatic mechanism in future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Plant Cell Wall Structure and Imaging Technology ZHANG Man, ZHANG Ye-zhuo, HE Qi-zou-hong, E Yi-lan, LI Ye Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 113-122.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1347 Abstract （261）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （2581KB）（404）       Knowledge map    Save Plant cell wall is a complex cross-linking network that provide mechanical support for plant cells during growth, development and adaptation to a changing environment. It has the functions of regulating plant morphology, resisting stress, transporting water, etc. In addition, most of the biomass accumulated by plant photosynthesis is stored in the cell wall. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the composition and structure of the cell wall for better utilization of plant energy. The nano-microstructure of plant cell wall is one of the frontier hotspots in plant research. With the development of new imaging technologies, a large number of studies had been conducted on the composition and structure of the cell wall. In this work, we summarized the composition, structure, imaging technology and mechanical property of the plant cell wall, in order to provide new ideas for studying plant cell wall. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ecological Monitoring of Pit Mud in Yibin Strong-fragrance Baijiu-producing Region YOU Ling, JIAN Xiao-ping, FAN Fang-yong, YANG Zhi, WANG Tao Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 254-265.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1406 Abstract （145）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （6590KB）（391）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the reasonable index system of pit mud ecological monitoring in Yibin strong-fragrance Baijiu region, 32 samples were gathered from 6 Baijiu factories with similar process and raw materials. The significant difference in the sensory quality of Baijiu from these pits was distinguished, and the physicochemical indexes, the contents of main organic acids and bacterial flora of these pit muds were detected and the relationship between these indexes and flavor substances or flavor characteristics of Baijiu were analyzed. It was found that the pit mud in Yibin Baijiu region showed following characteristics: pH was about（4.66±1.43）, the titrated acid was about（1.04±0.75）mmol NaOH/10 g, the conductivity was about（711±321）μs/cm, the calcium ion content was about（32.6±67.0）mg/kg, the iron ion content was about（20.7±24.8）mg/kg, the available nitrogen content was about（97.1±42.4）mg/kg, the available phosphorus content was about （137±60）mg/kg, and the available potassium content was about（275±122）mg/kg, the contents of caproic acid, acetic acid, ethyl caproate, propionic acid, hexyl caproate and butyric acid calculated by 2-ethylbutyric acid were about（6.49±2.84）,（0.04±0.05）,（1.15±1.07）,（0.04±0.05）,（0.97±0.98）and（0.20±0.13）g/100 g respectively, and Caproiciproducens, Syntrophaceticus, Syntrophomonas, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Sedimentibacter were dominant bacterial genera. The pit muds with good sensory quality of Baijiu had the following common characteristics: the pH was moderately high to about（6.17±1.57）, and the acidity was moderately low to about（1.14±0.92）mmol NaOH/10 g; the contents of hexyl caproate in the pit mud that produces high-quality Baijiu tended to be higher, and the content of butyric acid tended to be lower; the abundance of Caproiciproducens, Caloramatoraceae, Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales tended to be higher, the abundance of Sporosarcina tended to be lower. The results showed that the indexes of pit mud, such as pH, acidity, conductivity, calcium ion content, iron ion content, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, main organic acids and caproate ester content, and the abundance of dominant bacteria, can reflect the ecological status of pit mud from different aspects, and suitable for ecological monitoring indicators of pit mud in Yibin strong-fragrance Baijiu region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of Plant Sensing Drought Signals YU Bo, QIN Xiao-hui, ZHAO Yang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 6-17.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0763 Abstract （264）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （2347KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save Drought causes osmotic stress and is the most serious natural disaster leading to crop failure. Ever since Darwin studied how plants sense and respond to drought, we have understood the mechanism of ABA（abscisic acid）signaling and gained some clues about drought and osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. In this review, we summarized recent advances in plant osmotic stress sensing and signaling. We proposed the putative manners of signal inputs during drought and osmotic stresses and discussed how plants sense and transduce these signals. We also discussed the core scientific questions and made perspective about the future directions in this field, aiming to provide clues for crop genetic improvement with drought resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Immune Receptor Functions of Pattern-Recognition Receptor in Plants YE Hong, WANG Yu-kun Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (12): 1-15.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0765 Abstract （208）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （2915KB）（381）       Knowledge map    Save In the process of long-term adaptation to environment, plants have evolved a large number of cell surface and intracellular immune receptors to sense various biological and abiotic stimuli, and then trigger receptor-dependent immune responses. Cell surface Pattern-Recognition Receptor（PRR）is able to recognize pathogenic microbial model molecules and activate basic immunity, thereby enabling plants to acquire corresponding tolerance. At present, with the help of efficient research methods, researchers have made some progress in PRR-mediated plant disease resistance and environmental stress tolerance. Here, we reviewed the recent achievements of plant PRR on types and structures, ligand recognition and binding mechanisms, characteristics and mechanism of innate immunity mediated by PRRs, and identification of novel PRRs. Meanwhile, this review also focused on PRR-mediated salt resistance. The results will help us further understand the immune basis of plant-environment interaction, and will provide theoretical basis and guidance for the use of genetic engineering to cultivate excellent disease resistant and stress resistant plant varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Jasmonic Acid Regulating Plant Growth and Development as Well as Stress SUN Yu-tong, LIU De-shuai, QI Xun, FENG Mei, HUANG Xu-zheng, YAO Wen-kong Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (11): 99-109.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0323 Abstract （246）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （2301KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save As immobile organisms, plants perceive external stimuli and respond to them by altering their own signal transduction. Plant hormones function as important signaling molecules in plant responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses in order to regulate plant growth and development and to adapt to changing environments. Jasmonic acid is one of the important hormones in plants, and its synthetic pathways and physiological effects have been studied extensively, but there is still much lack of research on its signal transduction pathways to sense and respond to environmental changes and its interactions with other plant hormones. This paper focuses on the research progress of jasmonic acid in the regulation of plant growth and development, stress response and its interaction with other plant hormones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Regulation of Isobutanol Synthesis Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae CHENG Ting, YUAN Shuai, ZHANG Xiao-yuan, LIN Liang-cai, LI Xin, ZHANG Cui-ying Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 80-90.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1350 Abstract （180）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2101KB）（373）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the microorganism commonly used in industrial production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is of low pH resistance and strong stress resistance. The use of microorganisms to produce bio-based products has become an important development direction of green biomanufacturing. Isobutanol is a kind of branched-chain alcohol, which has a good application prospect in the chemical industry, energy, and other fields. As a biofuel, the synthesized isobutanol from S. cerevisiae is a sustainable, renewable, economical and environment-friendly approach to meet the needs of human development. The construction of an efficient isobutanol synthesizing S. cerevisiae cell factory may enable the green manufacturing of isobutanol as a biofuel. However, the ability of S. cerevisiae to synthesize isobutanol has limited the industrial development of isobutanol, the rational metabolic regulation strategy combined with synthetic biology is one of the effective methods to improve the ability of microbial isobutanol synthesis. This review summarized the latest developments in the regulating strategies of isobutanol biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae, including promoting isobutanol synthesis pathways, blocking competitive pathways, balancing cofactors, relocating synthetic pathways, regulating transcription factors, and improving microbial isobutanol tolerance. These strategies have significantly improved the conversion and yield of isobutanol in engineering yeast, but there are still many deficiencies in the industrial production of isobutanol. In order to promote the industrial production of isobutanol, the current bottlenecks and their solutions for isobutanol production in S. cerevisiae were discussed, aiming to provide valuable information for the green manufacturing of isobutanol. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles of Plasma Membrane Na+/H+ Antiporter SOS1 in Maintaining Ionic Homeostasis of Plants ZHU Ye-sheng, WU Guo-qiang, WEI Ming Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (12): 16-32.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0793 Abstract （167）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （3657KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save Plants regulate ion homeostasis to adapt to saline environment through a series of complex transport systems. SOS（salt over sensitive）signal pathway is the major signal pathway for plants to respond to abiotic stress, which is mainly composed of plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1, serine/threonine protein kinase SOS2, and calcium sensor SOS3. As one of the main members of SOS signaling pathway, SOS1 widely exists in higher plants. Due to the early evolutionary differences, the structural, physical, and chemical properties of SOS1 from different species had certain specificity. The SOS1 protein is a homodimer, and each monomer is composed of transmembrane and intracellular domains, which provides a stable docking platform for integrating signals from different pathways and regulating Na+ transport. Transcription level of the SOS1 gene was regulated by different stress conditions. SOS1 activity was inhibited or activated through Ca2+ signal regulation, phosphorylation, self-inhibition, and synergistic regulation with other ion transporters. SOS1 has shown to regulate circadian rhythm and pH, and maintain ion homeostasis in plants, which plays an important role in the response of plant to abiotic stress. In this review, the structure, function, regulation mechanism of SOS1 and its role in maintaining plant ion homeostasis are reviewed, and its future research direction is also prospected. The information in this review provide a theoretical support and excellent genetic resources for the genetic improvement of crops to produce new, stress-resistant varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Chitinase Involving in the Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Pests MA Sai-mai, LI Tong-yuan, MA Yan-jun, HAN Fu-jun, PENG Hai, KONG Wei-bao Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (10): 29-40.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0520 Abstract （192）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （3500KB）（368）       Knowledge map    Save Pests and diseases seriously affect the quality, yield and safety of crops. As a green, safe and effective method to control pests and diseases, biological control has attracted more and more attention. Chitinase（EC 3.2.1.14）is a kind of glycosylated hydrolase widely existing in microorganisms and plants. It can effectively degrade the chitin in cell walls of pathogenic fungi, insects and nematodes causing diseases and insect pests, and inhibit the spore germination and mycelium growth of pathogenic fungi, and the development of insects and nematodes, which has an important role and application prospect in the biological control of crop diseases and insect pests. This paper reviewed the types and sources of chitinases, the biological control mechanism and control strategy of chitinase, and the application of transgenic technology based on chitinase in crop pest control，aiming to provide information for further investigation and application of chitinase in the fields of crop production, pests and diseases control. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Microbial Single Cell Separation Methods ZHANG Kun, YAN Chang, TIAN Xin-peng Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (9): 1-11.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1506 Abstract （299）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （8911KB）（361）       Knowledge map    Save Most microorganisms in nature are in an uncultured state，which are called “microbial dark matter”. With the development of technology innovations in microbial single-cell separation, significant progress has been made in applying new technologies and methods to the challenges of microbial pure-culture. These new separation and culture strategies will greatly promote the development of microbial resources research. Despite the increasing achievements related to metagenomics and genomics, the isolation and cultivation of single microbial cells are still essential to systematically study their ecological functions, genetic evolution, and so on. This paper mainly summarizes the principle and application of membrane diffusion culture, microfluidic sorting, fluorescence activated cell sorting, single cell Raman sorting, optical tweezers technology, micromanipulation technology and other single cell separation technologies currently used or under development, as well as their advantages and disadvantages in microbial single cell isolation and culture. At the same time, the paper also discusses development and application prospects of single-cell separation technologies in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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High-yield Contests in Maize Facilitate the Vitalization of China’s Seed Industry LENG Yan, MA Xiao-wei, CHEN Guang, REN He, LI Xiang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 4-10.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0776 Abstract （232）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2921KB）（360）       Knowledge map    Save High-yield contests have been widely conducted globally, covering major food crops such as maize, wheat, soybeans, and rice. Successful experiences from international cases demonstrate that organizing yield contests may effectively promote the integration of superior seeds and agronomic practices, enhance crop breeding capabilities, and improve crop yields. Given the new challenges to food security in our country, it is necessary to explore how to draw on successful experiences of other nations to enhance our own potential for increasing crop production. The National Center of Technology Innovation for Maize adopts a high-yield technology dissemination chain centered around “quality seeds and good practice”, develops a biotechnological breeding innovation chain of high-yield genes and high-quality seeds varieties, and establishes a growth chain that spans from small-scale trials to large-scale applications. The goal is to establish a nationally replicable and scalable high-yield maize model, contributing to the vitalization and development of the seed industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Regulation of Iron Homeostasis by bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant LI Yu, LI Su-zhen, CHEN Ru-mei, LU Hai-qiang Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 26-36.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1474 Abstract （253）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （3054KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Save Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Iron deficiency is widely existing in plants growing in neutral or alkaline soils. However, the normal growth and development of plants need to maintain the balance of iron，which is tightly regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Many transcription factors are involved in the regulatory network of iron homeostasis in plants, among which members of the basic helix-loop helix（bHLH）family are essential for iron homeostasis. In this review, key bHLH transcription factors that regulate iron homeostasis are summarized, and the mechanisms by which these transcription factors regulate iron homeostasis in plant growth and development are reviewed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis to uncover the regulation of iron homeostasis in plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Rice Plant Height-associated QTL Using BSA-seq and RNA-seq WU Yuan-ming, LIN Jia-yi, LIU Yu-xi, LI Dan-ting, ZHANG Zong-qiong, ZHENG Xiao-ming, PANG Hong-bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (8): 173-184.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0386 Abstract （272）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （5363KB）（353）       Knowledge map    Save The stability of rice yield is significantly influenced by plant height, making it as a crucial factor. The identification of plant height-associated QTLs and mining of candidate genes are conducive to comprehending the molecular regulatory mechanisms that determines plant height, which may lay a foundation for breeding ideal rice varieties. This study employed 285 CSSL populations derived from the parental strains of Oryza sativa var. Youzhan 8 and wild rice from Guangxi as the experimental cohort. The study utilized SNP and InDel molecular markers, in conjunction with NGS and BSA-seq techniques, to conduct an association analysis aimed at identifying genomic regions that are potentially associated with plant height. As results, the molecular markers Δ（SNP-index）were discovered to have an association with candidate genomic regions of 3.205 and 1.311 Mb in Chr.7 and Chr.10, respectively. The genomic regions linked with Δ（InDel-index）markers were of sizes 2.848 and 1.292 Mb, and were entirely encompassed within the intervals associated with Δ（SNP-index）. Through the integration of functional annotation in GO, KEGG, Uniprot, and eggNOG databases, as well as high-quality polymorphic site screening and existing transcriptome data pertaining to plant height, five candidate genes located in Chr.7 were ultimately linked to this trait, including the previously characterized OsTCP21 function and mechanism. The qRT-PCR findings were consistent with prior research, revealing differential expression of OsTCP21 in tall and dwarf plants. Specifically, LOC_Os07g05050 and LOC_Os07g02850 demonstrated elevated expressions in tall plants, whereas LOC_Os07g04220 and LOC_Os07g02770 had higher expressions in dwarf plants. The regulation of rice plant height is significantly influenced by five candidate genes, with OsTCP21 being identified as a pivotal regulatory gene. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Biosynthetic Pathways and Related Genes of Lotus Alkaloids WANG Ling, ZHUO Shen, FU Xue-sen, LIU Zi-xuan, LIU Xiao-rong, WANG Zhi-hui, ZHOU Ri-bao, LIU Xiang-dan Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 56-66.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1343 Abstract （205）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3251KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save Many parts of lotus（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.）can be used as medicine, among which benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids are the main active components in lotus leaf and lotus plumule. The study found that lotus leaf contains nuciferine, roemerine and other aporphine alkaloids, with good lipid-lowering weight-reducing effect. Lotus plumule mainly contains bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as neferine and liensinine, which can resist arrhythmia. In recent years, the significant pharmacological activity of lotus alkaloids and the phenomenon of ‘homologous and different effects’between lotus leaf and lotus plumule have inspired more and more researchers to study the biosynthetic pathways and key enzymes of lotus alkaloids. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of alkaloid composition types, alkaloid synthesis pathways and key enzyme genes of lotus leaves and lotus plumule, aiming to provide reference for analyzing the alkaloid synthesis pathways of lotus and the molecular mechanisms of pharmacodynamic differentiation of lotus leaves and lotus plumule. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsTMFs Gene in Tea Plant SUN Ming-hui, WU Qiong, LIU Dan-dan, JIAO Xiao-yu, WANG Wen-jie Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (7): 151-159.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1408 Abstract （179）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （6185KB）（349）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the whole genome data of tea plant（Camellia sinensis）, members of tea plant TATA element modulatory factor（CsTMF）gene family were screened and identified. The full-length coding sequence（CDS）of CsTMFs in the tea plant leaves was further cloned. The conserved domain, gene structure, physical and chemical properties, protein secondary structure and phylogenetic relationship of CsTMFs were analyzed by bioinformatics method. Tissue-specific expression was analyzed based on transcriptome data, and qPCR was used to detect the expressions of CsTMFs in the tea plant leaves under cold stress and drought stress. The result showed that there were two genes of CsTMF gene family in the tea plant. The lengths of CDS region in two CsTMF genes were 2 934 bp and 2 904 bp, respectively. There were complete conserved domains, TMF-DNA-bd and TMF-TATA-bd in both two CsTMF genes. CsTMF1 and CsTMF2 had tissue expression specificity. CsTMF1 was highly expressed in the flowers and stems, while CsTMF2 was highly expressed in the mature leaves and stems. The results of qPCR showed that CsTMF1 was induced by cold stress, while CsTMF2 was inhibited by cold stress and drought stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of Leaf Bud by REVOLUTA in Tobacco Based on CRISPR/Cas9 System WANG Bing, ZHAO Hui-na, YU Jing, CHEN Jie, LUO Mei, LEI Bo Biotechnology Bulletin    2023, 39 (10): 197-208.   DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0364 Abstract （120）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （8167KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save The leaf buds of crop are regulated by the meristem, which is one of the effective measures to increase crop yield. At present, there are few studies on the molecular mechanism of meristem regulation in tobacco, and there is a lack of germplasm resources that can be used for plant type improvement. In this study, two different REVOLUTA（REV）single-target sequences, C15NtREV and C16NtREV, were constructed respectively by targeting mutation of REV gene through CRISPR/Cas9 editing system, and regenerated seedlings were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation method, and the transgenic plants were identified by PCR sequencing. The sequencing results showed that the Ko-C15Ntrev mutant had a shift mutation after amino acid position 26 of NtREV, while the Ko-C16Ntrev mutant had a shift mutation after amino acid position 60 of NtREV. In addition, the apical bud phenotypes of two single-target homozygous mutants were observed separately by scanning electron microscope, the results showed that the double-copy homologous mutants of Ko-C15Ntrev had apical bud deletion and leaf deformities, while the single-copy homologous mutants of Ko-C16Ntrev did not have the absence of apical buds, but the apical buds development delayed. Compared with wild type, the natural plant height of the Ko-C16Ntrev mutant increased by 3.76%, while the number of leaf blades and fresh axillary bud weight of the Ko-C16Ntrev mutant decreased by 21.47% and 23.41%, respectively, and both reached extremely significant differences, indicating that NtREV is involved in the development of shoot apical meristem in tobacco, which in turn regulates the development of leaf and axillary bud. These mutants provided important research materials for the subsequent study of the molecular mechanism of bud development in tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics