糜子伪响应调节蛋白PRR基因家族的鉴定及对光周期的响应

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的伪响应调节蛋白（pseudo-response regulators, PRRs）在植物昼夜节律调控与开花期调控中发挥重要作用。基于全基因组水平对糜子（Panicum miliaceum L.）伪应答蛋白基因家族进行系统鉴定，为其生物学功能提供理论依据。方法采用生物信息学方法，对糜子PRR基因家族进行理化性质分析、Motif、基因结构分析、共线性分析、系统进化分析，利用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）对不同光周期处理下的糜子PRR基因家族成员表达情况进行分析。结果从糜子基因组中鉴定到7个PRR基因，分别命名为PmPRR1-PmPRR7，不均匀地分布在5条染色体上；系统进化分析表明，PmPRR基因分布在Group 1-Group 3亚家族中。蛋白质保守基序分析显示，有6个基因均含有Motif1、Motif2和Motif3，表明这6个基因高度保守。启动子顺式作用元件分析显示，PmPRR基因与植物光响应、生长发育、胁迫和激素调控。RT-qPCR结果表明，在不同光周期（短日照8 h、中日照14 h、长日照16 h）处理下，PmPRR基因表达水平均存在显著差异。结论鉴定出7个PmPRR基因，在不同光周期下，不同亚家族基因的表达模式存在差异，表明PmPRRs对糜子响应光周期变化起重要的调控作用。

关键词: 糜子, 伪响应调节蛋白, 光周期, 生物信息学, 实时荧光定量PCR

Abstract:

Objective Pseudo-response regulators (PRRs) play crucial roles in regulating circadian rhythms and flowering time in plants. This study aimed to systematically identify the PRR gene family in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) at the whole-genome level, providing a theoretical basis for understanding their biological functions. Method Bioinformatics methods were employed to analyze the physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, gene structures, collinearity, and phylogenetic relationships of the PRR gene family in broomcorn millet. The expression patterns of PRR genes under different photoperiod treatments were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Result A total of seven PRR genes were identified from the broomcorn millet genome, designated as PmPRR1 to PmPRR7, which were unevenly distributed across five chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PmPRR genes belong to Group 1 to Group 3 subfamilies. Analysis of conserved protein motifs showed that six genes contained Motif1, Motif2, and Motif3, indicating high conservation among them. Promoter cis-acting element analysis suggested that PmPRR genes are associated with light response, plant growth and development, stress responses, and hormone regulation. RT-qPCR results demonstrated significant differences in the expressions of PmPRR genes under different photoperiod treatments (short-day, 8 h; intermediate-day, 14 h; long-day, 16 h). Conclusion This study identified seven PmPRR genes. The expression patterns of genes from different subfamilies vary under different photoperiods, indicating that PmPRRs play an important regulatory role in the response of broomcorn millet to photoperiod changes.

Key words: broomcorn millet, pseudo-response regulators, photoperiod, bioinformatics, RT-qPCR

崔秀妍, 代春阳, 张谊婷, 田翔, 陈凌, 乔治军, 王海岗, 王君杰. 糜子伪响应调节蛋白PRR基因家族的鉴定及对光周期的响应[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(8): 133-141.

CUI Xiu-yan, DAI Chun-yang, ZHANG Yi-ting, TIAN Xiang, CHEN Ling, QIAO Zhi-jun, WANG Hai-gang, WANG Jun-jie. Identification of the Pseudo-response Regulator PRR Gene Family in Broomcorn Millet and Its Response to Photoperiod[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(8): 133-141.

图/表 8

表1 糜子PmPRR基因家族的理化性质

Table 1 Physicochemical properties of broomcorn millet PmPRR gene family

基因 Gene	基因号 Gene number	氨基酸数量 Number of amino acids （aa）	分子量 Molecular weight （Da）	理论等电点 Theoretical pI	不稳定指数 Instability index	脂肪指数 Aliphatic index	总平均亲水性 Grand average of hydropathicity	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
PmPRR1	RLN16623.1	632	68 998.91	8.78	53.12	62.14	-0.761	细胞核 Nucleus
PmPRR2	RLM78629.1	522	58 010.95	6.07	52.84	65.31	-0.608	细胞核 Nucleus
PmPRR3	RLN39167.1	761	83 134.48	6.31	49.50	57.91	-0.910	细胞核 Nucleus
PmPRR4	RLM80225.1	522	57 978.79	5.75	51.39	65.69	-0.630	细胞核 Nucleus
PmPRR5	RLM69356.1	613	67 065.69	8.60	50.83	64.83	-0.744	细胞核 Nucleus
PmPRR6	RLM85946.1	623	69 412.30	6.36	52.53	67.48	-0.827	细胞核 Nucleus
PmPRR7	RLM86309.1	766	82 342.57	6.41	41.35	56.58	-0.851	细胞核Nucleus

图1 糜子PmPRR基因家族在染色体上的分布

Fig. 1 Chromosome distribution of PmPRR gene family in broomcorn millet

图2 糜子、拟南芥、水稻、玉米、谷子PRR蛋白的系统进化树

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of the PRR protein in Panicum miliaceum (Pm), Arabidopsis thaliana (At), Oryza sativa (Os), Zea mays (Zm), and Setaria italica (Si)

图3 糜子PmPRR基因保守基序（A）和结构（B）

Fig. 3 Conserved motifs (A) and structure (B) of PmPRR genes in broomcorn millet

图4 糜子PmPRR基因启动子顺式作用元件分析

Fig. 4 Cis-acting elements of broomcorn millet PmPRR gene promoters

图5 糜子PmPRR基因家族的物种内共线性分析

Fig. 5 Intra-species synteny analysis of the PmPRR gene family in broomcorn millet

图6 糜子PmPRR基因家族成员与拟南芥、水稻、谷子和玉米PRR基因共线性分析

Fig. 6 Synteny analysis between PmPRR genes in Panicum miliaceum L.(broomcorn millet) and PRR genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Setaria italica, and Zea mays

图7 糜子PmPRR基因不同光照条件下的表达量* P<0.05； ** P<0.01；**** P<0.000 1； ns： no significant differemce

Fig. 7 Expressions of the PmPRR genes in broomcorn millet under different light conditions

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