γ射线诱变创制水稻突变体及其分子鉴定

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0667

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的 γ射线诱变具有效率高、方法简单等特点而广泛应用于水稻育种工作。OsGRF4是一个重要且稀有的水稻多效基因，能显著提高氮利用效率、产量和耐冷性，同时降低籽粒落粒性，旨在获得不同类型的突变体资源和挖掘OsGRF4的调控基因。方法利用γ射线对NIL-GRF4材料进行辐射诱变，通过功能标记和SSR标记对突变体的真实性和遗传背景进行鉴定。结果经过性状调查，获得15份粒型突变体、6份斑马叶突变体、4份分蘖突变体和3份不育突变体。其中一份重要的粒型突变体，其粒长达14.10 mm，粒长和千粒重比野生型分别增加1.50 mm和8.85 g，增幅分别为11.90%和23.95%。利用OsGRF4的功能标记和48对SSR标记鉴定了突变体的真实性和遗传背景，结果表明突变体材料均来源于野生型NIL-GRF4，并且突变体的遗传背景与野生型极为相似。结论已将粒型、斑马叶和不育突变体与野生型杂交构建了基因定位的F₂群体，为水稻育种提供重要的基因资源。

关键词: γ射线, OsGRF4, 诱变育种, BSA-Seq, 图位克隆, 水稻

Abstract:

Objective Gamma-ray mutagenesis has been widely used in rice breeding because of its high efficiency and simple method. OsGRF4 is an important and rare pleiotropic gene in rice, which can significantly improve nitrogen use efficiency, yield and cold tolerance, while reduce seed shattering, this work aims to obtain different types of mutant resources and mine the regulatory genes of OsGRF4. Method The rice material NIL-GRF4 was mutated by γ rays in this study, the authenticity and genetic background of the mutants were identified by functional marker and SSR markers. Result By traits investigating, 15 mutants of grain shape, 6 mutants of zebra leaf, 4 mutants of tiller and 3 mutants of sterile were obtained. Among them, an important grain type mutant was obtained. Its grain length reached 14.10 mm, and its grain length and 1 000-grain weight increased by 1.50 mm and 8.85 g respectively compared with the wild type, with an increase of 11.90% and 23.95% respectively. The authenticity and genetic background of the mutants were identified by using the functional markers of OsGRF4 and 48 pairs of SSR markers. The results showed that the mutants were all derived from wild-type NIL-GRF4, and the genetic background of the mutants was very similar to that of wild-type NIL-GRF4. Conclusion The F₂ populations have been constructed by crossbreeding the mutants of grain shape, zebra leaf and sterile with the wild type, providing important gene resources for rice breeding.

Key words: gamma-ray, OsGRF4, mutation breeding, BSA-Seq, map-based cloning, rice

李欣芃, 张武汉, 张莉, 舒服, 何强, 郭杨, 邓华凤, 王悦, 孙平勇. γ射线诱变创制水稻突变体及其分子鉴定[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(3): 35-43.

LI Xin-peng, ZHANG Wu-han, ZHANG Li, SHU Fu, HE Qiang, GUO Yang, DENG Hua-feng, WANG Yue, SUN Ping-yong. Creation of Rice Mutant by Gamma-ray and Its Molecular Identification[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(3): 35-43.

图/表 6

表1 野生型与粒型突变体表型比较

Table 1 Comparison of phenotype between wild-type and grain shape mutants

水稻材料 Rice material	粒长 Grain length/mm	粒宽 Grain width/mm	长宽比 Length-width ratio	千粒重 Thousand-seed weight/g
NIL-GRF4	12.60±0.46	2.69±0.20	4.68±0.27	36.95
23cs3	11.98±0.73	3.30±0.20	3.63±0.33	44.30
23cs4	12.29±0.51	2.73±0.17	4.50±0.12	39.34
23cs5	11.07±0.43	2.80±0.19	3.95±0.45	37.98
23cs6	9.94±0.69	3.11±0.19	3.20±0.03	35.71
23cs7	11.05±0.62	3.41±0.20	3.24±0.05	36.06
23cs8	11.22±0.54	2.69±0.24	4.17±0.21	36.89
23cs9	11.04±0.63	2.78±0.20	3.97±0.10	32.07
23cs10	9.00±0.54	2.16±0.19	4.17±0.14	24.40
23cs11	10.86±0.46	2.75±0.19	3.95±0.12	36.80
23cs22	10.43±0.53	2.59±0.19	4.03±0.11	29.29
23cs24	10.57±0.46	2.66±0.19	3.97±0.26	28.10
23cs25	11.04±0.53	2.66±0.25	4.15±0.24	35.28
23cs31	10.95±0.52	2.67±0.20	4.10±0.49	32.06
23cs32	14.10±0.69	2.77±0.22	5.09±0.19	45.80
23cs33	9.68±0.53	2.98±0.15	3.25±0.04	36.97

图1 野生型NIL-GRF4与突变体的粒型和叶色比较A：野生型NIL-GRF4与突变体的粒型对比；B：野生型NIL-GRF4与突变体的叶色对比，左边为斑马叶突变体，右边为野生型；C：突变体23cs20的田间叶色表型

Fig. 1 Comparison of grain shape and leaf color between wild type NIL-GRF4 and mutantsA: Comparison of grain shape between wild-type NIL-GRF4 and mutants; B: leaf color comparison between wild-type NIL-GRF4 and mutants, the one on the left is the zebra leaf mutant, and the one on the right is the wild type; C: leaf color phenotype of mutant 23cs20 in field

表2 野生型与不育突变体的穗部性状比较

Table 2 Comparison of panicle traits between wild type and sterile mutants

材料 Rice material	穗长 Spike length/cm	总粒数 Total grains	实粒数 Filled grain number	一次枝梗 Number of primary branches	二次枝梗 Number of secondary branches	结实率 Seed setting rate/%
NIL-GRF4	32.9±0.35	207±12.70	128±5.58	14±1.00	33±3.06	62.01±2.42
23cs13	33.3±1.06	186±19.00	5±0.58	13±0.58	35±4.04	2.50±0.43
23cs14	32.8±0.36	186±4.93	6±1.53	12±0	32±1.00	3.05±0.75
23cs29	32.4±0.47	232±2.64	14±1.73	12±0	44±1.73	6.03±0.68

图2 不育和分蘖突变体的表型A：野生型育性镜检；B：突变体育性镜检；C：野生型NIL-GRF4与不育突变体23cs29的结实率对比；D：野生型NIL-GRF4与突变体23cs29的不育对比；E：野生型NIL-GRF4与突变体23cs26的分蘖、株高对比。左边为野生型，右边为突变体

Fig. 2 Phenotypes of sterile and tillering mutantsA: Microscopic examination of wild type fertility. B: Microscopic examination of mutant fertility. C: Comparison of seed setting rates between wild type NIL-GRF4 and sterile mutant 23cs29. D: Comparison of sterility between wild type NIL-GRF4 and mutant 23cs29. E: Comparison of tiller and plant height between wild type NIL-GRF4 and mutant 23cs26. Wild type on the left and mutant on the right

图3 功能标记对野生型、突变体的基因型鉴定M： 250 bp maker；A和C：PF+DMR+PR引物组合；B和D： PF+XMR+PR引物组合；1-26：突变体；27-33：分别为NIL-GRF4、华航32号、湘早籼6号、赣宁粳1号、农香42、川7和竹香占

Fig. 3 Genotypic identification of wild type and mutants by functional markersM: 250 bp maker; A and C: PF+DMR+PR primer combination; B and D: PF+XMR+PR primer combination; 1-26: mutants; 27-33: NIL-GRF4, Huahang 32, Xiangzaoxian 6, Ganninggeng 1, Nongxiang 42, Chuan 7 and Zhuxiangzhan, respectively

图4 SSR引物对野生型NIL-GRF4与突变体的扩增结果M： 100 bp maker；1-16：分别为引物RM471、RM72、RM19、RM119、RM339、RM17、RM551、RM331、RM3331、RM443、RM85、RM336、RM209、RM232、RM481、RM224；DNA顺序为野生型、突变体23cs13、23cs22

Fig. 4 Amplification of wild-type NIL-GRF4 and mutants by SSR primersM: 100 bp maker; 1-16: primer RM471, RM72, RM19, RM119, RM339, RM17, RM551, RM331, RM3331, RM443, RM85, RM336, RM209, RM232, RM481, RM224, respectively; DNA sequence is wild type, mutant 23cs13 and 23cs22

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