生物丁醇发酵研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着化石燃料的枯竭及环境污染的日趋严重,生物燃料等清洁可再生能源已成为世界各国研究开发的热点。生物丁醇以其燃烧值高,能量密度大,污染轻,以及可与汽油以任意比例互溶等特点,成为新一代可再生资源研究开发的重点。尽管生物丁醇目前前景广阔,但传统丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（Acetone-butanol-ethanol,ABE）发酵途径生产成本高且产率低限制了其商业化生产。为了有效降低原材料成本,实现廉价生物材料的工业转换,基于生物质资源的经济型发酵工艺成为研究热点;通过外源添加的技术手段,快速揭示发酵体系下菌株表型及发酵性能变化对于系统阐述菌株代谢水平与基因水平交叉作用规律具有一定理论意义。此外,随着全基因组测序及相关组学工程技术手段的发展,围绕代谢网络结构改造,阻断非丁醇代谢合成通路,明确胁迫调控机制,解除相关代谢调控等方面内容,对产丁醇梭菌进行内源改造,以期提高丁醇代谢合成能力及丁醇耐受性的研究也逐步深入。基于丁醇发酵生物质资源开发,代谢宏观调控策略及菌种选育等方面研究进展,讨论了生物丁醇生产代谢过程中的瓶颈问题,并对生物丁醇发展前景进行展望,旨为工程菌的构建和基于过程工程技术的代谢调控提供理论依据。

关键词: 生物丁醇, ABE, 生物质资源, 代谢调控, 基因工程改造

Abstract: With the depletion of fossil fuels and the worsening of environmental pollution,clean and renewable energies such as biofuels have become a hot topic for research all over the world. Biobutanol becomes a promising one among the new generation of biofuels because of its high energy density,high combustion value and light pollution. Nevertheless,the high production cost of traditional Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol（ABE）fermentation and the low production rate limited the commercial production of biobutanol. In order to reduce the cost of feedstock and to achieve the effective industrial transformation of cheap biomass,many researches focus on economic fermentation technology based on biomass resources. By exogenous adding technology,strain phenotype and fermentation performance were revealed rapidly in fermentation system,which contributed to the explanation of interactions in the strain metabolic level and gene level. In addition,with the development of genome sequencing and omics engineering technology,an increasing number of researches aimed to improve the metabolic synthesis ability and the tolerance of biobutanol were reported. These researches included transforming metabolic network structure,blocking non-butanol metabolism pathway,clarifying the mechanism of regulations to stress,and removing related metabolic regulation,which were for endogenous transformation of butanol-producing Clostridium. In this paper,based on the development of biobutanol fermentation biomass resources,macro-control strategy of metabolism and strain breeding,the bottleneck in the process of biobutanol production and metabolism was discussed,and the biobutanol development was also prospected. The aim is to provide theoretical basis for the construction of engineering bacteria and metabolic regulation based on process engineering technology.

Key words: biobutanol, ABE fermentation, biomass resources, metabolic regulation, genetic engineering

高越, 郭晓鹏, 杨阳, 张苗苗, 李文建, 陆栋. 生物丁醇发酵研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(8): 27-34.

GAO Yue, GUO Xiao-peng, YANG Yang, ZHANG Miao-miao, LI Wen-jian, LU Dong. Research Progress of Biobutanol Fermentation[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(8): 27-34.

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