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aBIOTECH
CAAS
Agricultural Information Institute of CAAS
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China Association for Science and Technology
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Table of Content
16 March 2015, Volume 31 Issue 3
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LEA Protein and Its Application in Improvement of Stress Tolerance in Plants
Wang Yanrong, Zhang Zhiguo, Wu Jinxia
2015, 31(3): 1-9. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.001
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Adverse conditions, including drought, salinity and extreme temperatures, often restrict the growth and development of plants. In plants, there exist a group of highly hydrophilic proteins, known as LEA(late embryogenesis abundant)proteins, which generally accumulate at the last stage of embryogenesis under natural conditions. It has a strong resistance to various abiotic stresses, and can respond to drought, cold, high salt and ABA signals. LEA proteins can maintain normal metabolic reactions of plants by maintaining cellular osmotic pressure, protecting the cell membrane structure and functioning as a molecular chaperone to protect other proteins. In this paper, the classification, structure, stress tolerance mechanisms of LEA protein and its application in improvement of stress tolerance in plant were reviewed.
Progress on Study of
CYC-like
Genes During the Floral Development of Angiosperm
Xu Yunru, Li Yueying, Pang Hongbo, Zhang Yuxin, Liu Yulian
2015, 31(3): 10-16. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.002
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CYCLOIDEA
(
CYC
)-like genes are members of TCP family and play an important role during floral development.
CYC
-like genes underwent gene duplication deep within angiosperm phylogeny, they diversified into three major clades, CYC1, CYC2, CYC3, and CYC2 clade genes are main regulators in floral symmetry. But the studies on CYC1 and CYC3 are limited. In this paper, recent insights into
CYC
-like genes and the prospective of the study on
CYC
genes were reviewed.
Research Advance on the Biosynthesis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Plant
Li Fangfang, Tao Shutian, Zhang Huping
2015, 31(3): 17-24. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.003
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Plant volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are closely correlative to production and life of human beings. In agriculture, plant volatile organic compounds play important roles in attracting pollinators, defending against biotic and abiotic stress, mediating the exchange of information between plants, giving fruit special scents. In this review, the biosynthesis of terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, fatty acid derivatives and amino acid derivatives were introduced, works and methods in the future were put forward, in an attempt to providing useful information for further studies in the field.
Progresses of Microbial Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid of Related Genes,Synthesis Mechanism and Fermentation
Yan Tao, Xi Hongsheng
2015, 31(3): 25-34. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.004
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γ-polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA)is naturally occurring poly amino acids with characteristics of water solubility, biodegradability, edible and non-toxicity towards human, animals and the environment. Therefore, γ-Poly(glutamic acid)and its derivatives have been of interest in a broad range of industrial fields such as environment, medicine, food, cosmetics and feed additives. This paper focuses on the microbial synthesis of γ-PGA of related genes, synthesis mechanism and fermentation.
Advance in Antitumor Mechanism of Bioactive Compounds in Edible Mushrooms
Chen Kaixu, Wang Weilan, Liu Jun, Zhang Fuchun, Zheng Xiufen
2015, 31(3): 35-42. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.005
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Edible mushrooms have been globally consumed for centuries to promote human health, prevent and treat human diseases. In different types of edible mushrooms, there are distinct bioactive compounds, mainly consisted of polysaccharide, protein, terpenoids, alkaloids and others substances. They possess many medicinal effects such as anti-cancer, anti-cardiovascular diseases, and anti-diabetes, etc. Mushroom bioactive constituents have been found to have anti-cancer effects against several major cancer types. It is reported that edible mushrooms exert an anti-cancer effect through regulating the expression level of relevant factors in cell signaling pathway, which leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cellular apoptosis. These findings may provide theoretical basis for utilizing edible mushrooms as potential natural and non-toxic antitumor agents. This paper provided a brief review on the research progress in antitumor mechanism of different bioactive compounds in edible mushrooms..
Advance of the ApplicationofSSRMolecularMarkersinTobaccoResearch
Chen Jie, Yang Jing, Long Shengxian, Xiao Ciping,Yang Changyi, Huang Qingzhong, Wang Wei
2015, 31(3): 43-48. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.006
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SSR molecular marker technology as one of the most commonly used molecular markers, the marker technique result is reliable and good repeatability. In recent years, SSR marker shows a broad application prospect in tobacco genetic breeding, is a large potential for application of molecular markers. This paper introduced the principle and distribution characteristics of SSR molecular marker, and summarized the study of gene location and molecular marker-assisted selection, germplasm research, the construction of molecular genetic maps and the seed purity identification and authenticity of tobacco, and analysed the application prospect of molecular markers in tobacco genetic breeding. The main aim is to supply useful information so as to promote the development of SSR molecular marker technology research in tobacco.
Research Progress of Agricultural Crop Active Component Extraction
Xia Rizhao, Liao Xiaolan
2015, 31(3): 49-56. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.007
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The development of new pesticide by analogy synthetic and rational design of biolo-gical is a research focus of pesticide toxicology and pesticide chemistry. Conventional extraction such as Solvent extraction and Tissue crushing were summaried in this review. In addition, Ultrasonic wave extraction, Microwave extraction, Enzymatic method, Superitical fluid extraction, Ultrahigh-press extraction, Subcritical water extraction, Ultrasonic and Combined extraction such as Microwave assisted extraction, Mechanochemical assisted extraction. Accelerated solvent extraction, High-voltage pulsed electric field extraction, Ultrafiltration extraction also were referred. At the same time, author prospected the characteristics, application examples and trends of botanical active component, provide reference and basis for the extraction, development and application for agricultural crop active component.
Progress of Research and Application of the RNA Interference Technology in Crustacean
Qiu Xier, Zhu Dongfa, Zhou Yanqi, Liu Zhiye, Xie Xi
2015, 31(3): 57-63. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.008
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RNA interference(RNAi)is a phenomenon that the gene is post-transcriptionally inhibited by using specific double-stranded RNA(dsRNA), gene silencing will be happened eventually. As a new technology, RNAi contributes to the understanding of the the functions and mechanisms of genes. RNAi is widely used in insects, fungus, plants and mammals, however, the reseachs on the crustacean are relatively less than the former. This review highlights the advancements of RNAi in crustaceans, including the study of methods, gene functions about CHH family, mechanisms of molting and gonadal regulation. In addition, RNAi plays an important role in an antiviral defense in crustacean.
Evaluating the Development of Small Interfering RNA Expression Vector from Its Functional Elements
Hou Ying, Sun Xikui, Tang Mingqing
2015, 31(3): 64-69. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.009
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RNA interference as a potent gene silencing approach plays important parts in gene regulation, functional study and gene therapy. The small interfering RNA expression vector achieves a sustainable, stable and controllable application of the RNAi technology, and becomes a promising way for gene silencing. Although the interfering RNA expression vector has progressed to the second generation, and many commercial products were availabe, the discrepancies among efficiency, safety and controllability of these vectors still exist. The development of the interfering RNA expression vector seems get into a lag phase. Therefore, this article analysed the history and development of these small interference RNA expression vectors on the basis of their functional blocks, providing a theoretical fundation for the vector’s optimization and selection.
Research Advances of Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Improving Lipid Production
Li Yi, Wang Chaogang, Hu Zhangli
2015, 31(3): 70-81. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.010
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In recent years, microalgae oil biodiesel has become a hot spot because of its strategic importance. Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biodiesel due to their short growth cycle, easy to mass culture, ability to absorb CO
2
and no taking farmland, etc. However, large-scale development and utilization of microalgae biomass energy is limited by less knowledge about metabolic mechanisms of lipid synthesis and lagging research of genome in microalgae. With the development of modern biotechnology, improving lipid content and biomass of microalgae may achieve through genetic engineering and metabolic engineering methods. This review describes recent efforts to metabolic mechanisms on lipid biosynthesis and genetic engineering techniques on increasing lipid content, which provide technical reserves for attaining high lipid transgenic microalgae and producing microalgae biodiesel.
Research Advances of Biological Treatment of Uranium-containing Wastewater
Tan Wenfa, Lü Junwen, Tang Dongshan
2015, 31(3): 82-87. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.011
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With the rapid development and application of nuclear energy, more and more uranium-containing wastewater is generated, urgently needing to be solved. Biotechnological method has good prospect because of its low cost and high efficiency. The status and progress of biological treatment of uranium-containing wastewater are briefly reviewed in this paper. Different types of degradation manner of uranium are introduced in the article together with their degradation mechanism, working principles and an analysis to their merits and demerits. Last but not least, this dissertation points out the further research area of biological treatment of uranium-containing wastewater and its developing trendency.
The Expression of Rice
OsSHAT1
and
OsRSR1
in Response to Hormones and Abiotic Stresses
Li Zhe, Zhang Shaoxuan, Huang Rongfeng,
2015, 31(3): 88-95. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.012
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It was to research whether AP2 family factors involved in the stress response process. In this study, sequence alignment revealed that OsSHAT1 and OsRSR1 proteins share 41.92% sequence identity, indicating that
OsSHAT1
and
OsRSR1
are homologous members of AP2 family. And the promoter sequences of
OsSHAT1
and
OsRSR1
genes contain multiple stress and hormone responsible
cis
-acting elements, such as ABRE, DRE, MYB, MYC, WRKY, GCC-box and ERE. Transcript analysis showed that the expression of
OsSHAT1
was suppressed by low temperature, NaCl, ABA, ACC, but induced by drought;while the transcripts of
OsRSR1
was inhibited by low temperature, drought, ABA and ACC, but enhanced by NaCl. It is speculated that
OsSHAT1
and
OsRSR1
may influence the expression of stress related genes by transcriptional regulation in differential ways, and then adjust the distinctive stress response of rice.
Cloning and Characterization Analysis of
ZmJAZ4
,a JAZ Family Gene in Maize(
Zea mays
L.)
Yan Shengwei, Sun Cheng, Zhou Xiaojin, Chen Rumei
2015, 31(3): 96-101. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.013
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Jasmonate ZIM-domain(JAZ)proteins are a group of plant-specific transcription factors, which have important function in plant growing development and abiotic stress by inhibiting the expression of genes associated with JA regulation. In this study, a novel JAZ family gene, named
ZmJAZ4
, was isolated from maize(
Zea mays
L.)inbred lines B73. The
ZmJAZ4
cDNA has a total length of 651 bp and encodes a protein of 216 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 23.1 kD and a isoelectric points of 10.78, belonging to the basic protein. Real-time RT-PCR showed that
ZmJAZ4
was mainly expressed in shoot apex meristem, tassel, developing seeds and endosperm. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmJAZ4 was related to AtJAZ10 from
Arabidopsis
. Subcellular localization experiment showed that ZmJAZ4 was localized to the nucleus. ZmJAZ4 possessed no transcriptional activating activity in yeast cells. Various treatments were performed to detect the expression level of ZmJAZ4 in response to phytohormones or abiotic stresses. The transcripts of
ZmJAZ4
was induced by PEG, NaCl, SA, GA and ABA treatment in shoots and that was induced by ABA and GA in roots. The above results showed that
ZmJAZ4
may be an important transcriptional regulator, which participates in many hormones signaling pathways and abiotic stress.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Pollen Development Gene
MF21
in Broccoli
Pei Xuli, Jing Zan’ge, Tang Zheng, Wang Yan, Wang Zhen, Chen Zhongwen, Luo Tiankuan, Zhang Xiaoling
2015, 31(3): 102-107. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.014
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In this study, the
MF21
gene were cloned from a broccoli maintenance line ‘WN12-95B’. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the full length of
MF21
gene was 468 bp and encoded 151 amino acid peptides. The relative molecular weight and pI of
MF21
was 16.70 kD and 8.56, respectively. Meanwhile, the
MF21
protein was speculated as a hydrophobic protein. The
MF21
protein include a 22 amino acid length signal peptide, and also contain two CK2phosphorylation sites, four N-myristoylaton sites and one tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site. Random coils and β-strands were main components of the two-dimension structure. Based on the molecular evolution, we found that the
MF21
gene had approximate evolution relationship between broccoli and
Brassica carinata
. Theexpression analysis of
MF21
gene by qRT-PCR indicated that this gene was mainly expressed in bud of broccoli and had tissue specificity. Theexpressive abundance of bud in different development stage had greatdifferences between the
Ogu
CMS line and its maintenance line.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of
AmDREB2.1
in
Ammopiptanthus
mongolicus
Li Zhanglei, Gao Fei, Cao Yuzhen, Zhang Zhiwei, Wang Ning, Li Huayun, Zhou Yijun
2015, 31(3): 108-114. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.015
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A new dehydration responsive element binding protein(DREB)transcription factor gene, which was named as
AmDREB2.1
, was isolated from
Ammopiptanthus mongolicus
(Masxim.)(Cheng f.)root transcriptome database, that it had been established in our previous work. The full length of the
AmDREB2.1
cDNA was 978 bp, including a single 531 bp opening reading frame which encoded a 176-amino acid peptide with a conserved AP2 domain. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the
AmDREB2.1
expressed in leaf and root of
A. mongolicus
, but there were different expression patterns under drought or low temperature stress respectively, and it could be mainly induced by drought in root.
The Differential Expression of Monosaccharide Transporter Genes in Disease-free Sugarcane Plants
Wang Jungang, Zhao Tingting, Yang Benpeng, Cai Wenwei, Zhang Shuzhen
2015, 31(3): 115-120. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.016
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The sugarcane yield can be increased by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of this yield increasing are still not clear now. Monosaccharide transporters are one type of key regulatory proteins involved in carbon accumulation and partitioning processes, and play an important role in plants defense process. The differential expression of three monosaccharide transporter genes(
SGT1
,
SGT2
and
PST2a
)in disease-free and untreated sugarcane plants was studied to clarify the potential function of these genes on sugarcane yields. The expression levels of
SGT1
,
SGT2
and
PST2a
in leaves of disease-free plants at seedling and tillering stages were obviously higher than untreated plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of these genes were increased in immature internodes of disease-free plants at elongation and mature stages, but there were no difference in mature internodes. The sugarcane leaves(at seedling and tillering stages)and the immature internodes(at elongation and mature stages)grow rapidly and demand for more monosaccharide to provide energy and the precursor of biosynthesis. The up-regulations of these monosaccharide transporter genes might accelerate the growth and biomass accumulation of disease-free sugarcane plants by increasing the transporting and uptake of monosaccharide.
Construction a Metabolic Engineering Strain to Produce 1,3-propanediol from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
by
ldhA
Gene Deletion Mutation
Chen Lifei, Li Meng, Ma Chunling, Yang Jianlou
2015, 31(3): 121-126. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.017
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Production of 1, 3-propanediol from glycerol by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
is restrained by lactate formation. The increase of lactate in the broth can inhibit cell growth and reduce 1, 3-propanediol conversion rate. The lactate dehydrogenase gene(
ldhA
)of production lactate by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
was modified by λRed recombination system. One 300 bp homologous recombinant fragment:
ldhAl-Cm-ldhA2
was constructed for the gene knockout. After resistance experiments, PCR determination,
K. pneumonia
2-1Δ
ldhA
with
ldhA
gene knocked out obtained by λRed recombination. After 24 h fermentation, the maximum yield of lactate was reduced to 0.49 g/L from 10.16 g/L and the maximum threonine yield of 1, 3- propanediol was increased to 85.76 g/L from 78.83 g/L, comparing with that of the original strain
K. pneumonia
2-1. The conversation rate of glycerol was improved to 65.97% from 60.64%, increasing by 5.33%.
Screening and Breeding of a Strain for High Yield of Succinic Acid
Wang Le, Yu Guanghai, Yang Shuoye, Wang Weiwei, Hui Ming
2015, 31(3): 127-134. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.018
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It was to improve the production of succinic acid. After the primary and secondary screening, a strain with high-yield of succinic acid was isolated from the soil. The succinic acid production of 34.45% was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)after the fermentation. Later, the UV mutagenic breeding of strains has been performed, resulting in the succinic acid production of 50.30% which increased by 46% in the substrate of glucose concentration of 100 g/L with the residual sugar lower than 10 g/L. After the determinations of morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical index and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as
actinobacillus
.
Expression of the Extracellular Domain of SLA-1 Derived from Topigs Pig in
Escheichia coli
Zhai Xiaoxin, Zhang Xiujuan, Yang Jie, Gao Fengshan
2015, 31(3): 135-139. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.019
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In order to construct the recombinant prokaryotic expressed vector of the heavy chain of SLA-1 derived from Topigs pig and to study its expression in pET-21a(+), a pair of primers was designed to amplify the extracellular domain of SLA-1-TPK gene(named SLA-1-TPKe)followed by sub-cloning the gene into pMD19-T Simple Vector. After identification by cleavage with
Nde
I and
Xho
I, the SLA-1-TPKe was ligated to pET-21a(+)and transformed into BL21(Rosseta)to be induced to express followed by analysis of the expressing products by SDS-PAGE. Finally, the inclusion bodies of the SLA-I-TPKe was isolated and detected by SDS-PAGE. The PCR result was shown that the length of the SLA-1-TPKe was about 851 bp which was consistent with the calculated value. Then, the SLA-1-TPKe was successfully cloned into the pMD19-T Simple Vector and identified by cleavage with
Nde
I and
Xho
I and the inserted fragment was about 831 bp. In succession, the gene was successfully inserted into pET-21a(+)followed by transforming into
Escherichia coli
BL21(Rosseta). After induction and expression, the SLA-1-TPKe was successfully expressed with the interest of protein about 31 kD. The protein was expressed mainly as inclusion body protein with the purity of 90%.
Isolation,Identification and Algicidal Activity of
Acinetobacter
calcoaceticus
Wang Yun, Zhang Yemeng, Li Peipei
2015, 31(3): 140-145. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull 1985.2015.04.020
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The microcystis bloom not only result in the death of the aquatic animals due to hypoxia, but also produce mycrocystins which is harmful to the human beings and wild animals. One algicidal bacterium against toxic
Microcystis aeruginosa
PCC 7806 was isolated from the Baiguishan Reservoir in Pingdingshan of Henan province using liquid infection technology and was named algicidal bacterium 5. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that this bacterium belongs to
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
. It specificallyremovesPCC 7806bycelllysis, but has no effect on FACHB-930 and
Scenedesmus obliquus
. Interestingly, the growth of
haematococcus
and
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
are promoted. The algicidal effect of bacterium against PCC 7806 is better when the volume ratio of 1∶1. The thalli and cell-free filtrate shows the same lytic effect. There are no bacteria adhering to the surface of the PCC 7806. And no bacterial biofilm were observed. These results may suggest that The
A. calcoaceticus
may secrete substance and compete for nutrients to remove PCC 7806.
The Comparsion of
Bacillus
Species Classification Based on Fatty Acid and 16S rRNA Gene
Liu Guohong, Liu Bo, Lin Yingzhi, Tang Jianyang
2015, 31(3): 146-153. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.021
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In order to explore the application of fatty acid composition in taxonomy of
Bacillus
species, the fatty acid constitutions of 25 strains were detected by Microbial Identification System(MIDI). The clusters of fatty acid profiles and 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed by SPPS16.0 and Mega4, respectively. The results showed that phylogeny analysis based on the fatty acid biomarkers could not only fully reflect the relationships among the
Bacillus
species, but also group the
Bacillus
species according to the biological characteristics. However, 16S rRNA phylogeny only perfectly showed the relationships among the species. For example, four species growing well under the alkaline conditions and three species round spore-forming were clustered together, respectively. Result showed that
Bacillus
species can be clustered together not only according to the related ship, but also classified by the biological characteristics.
Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Endophytes Against Drug-resistant Bacteria from Medicinal Plants
Liu Xiaoyu, Ma Yuchao
2015, 31(3): 154-160. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.022
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Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), Cephalosporin-resistant
Escherichia coli
and Imipenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have caused severe infection in clinical therapy and greatly endanger human health. The aim of this study is to isolate and screen highly active antagonistic endophytes against drug-resistant bacteria from medicinal plant. After two-step screening, 18 strains have antagonistic effect on MRSA were obtained from 197 strains isolated from 22 medicinal plants, none of the strains has antagonistic effect on Cephalosporin-resistant
Escherichia coli
and Imipenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
;16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that eight strains belong to
Streptomyces
, six strains belong to
Bacillus
, and four strains belong to
Pseudomonas
. Five strains which have strong anti bacterial activity were chosen for fermentation, and the fermented liquid of QN1 have strong inhibition effect on MRSA.
Screening of Nattokinase Producing Strain and Characterazation of Nattokinase
Zhao Zhonglin, Li Shuying, Nie Ying, Li Yan, Yuan Chao, Tang Xuanming
2015, 31(3): 161-164. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.023
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To develop new kinds of natto health care products with specific physiological activity, a nattokinase high-yield strain was isolated and used for natto production. The characteristics and nattokinase activities of the isolated strain were compared with other 3 kinds of natto strains. Results showed that the natto products of munber 5 strain have golden color and soy sauce flavor, and have the best length of natto wire drawing. The result of fermentation time showed that nattokinase content reached the maximum value at 17 h.
Recombinant Expression of
Rhizopus chinensis
Lipase in
Aspergillus
niger
Zhang Qian, Wang Jianying, Lin Zhi, Jia Jia, Guo Hongtao
2015, 31(3): 165-170. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.024
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This article carried out the recombinant expression of
Rhizopus chinensis
lipase(RCL)gene in
Aspergillus niger
. Promoter of Pgpd from
A. niger
and RCL-TtrpC fusing fragment were respectively obtained by PCR and further cloned to plasmid pCHAMBIA2302 to generate the RCL over-expression vector pCHAMBIA2302∷Pgpd-RCL-TtrpC. The resulting vector was introduced into
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
EHA105, and then transformed into
A. niger
through the mediation of
A. tumefaciens
. Seven randomly selected transformants were analyzed by PCR and Southern blot. As a result, all the transformants were found to be positive. Then, the seven transformants were subjected to fermentation and lipase assay, and the results showed that all the transformants secreted recombinant RCL, among which transformant T6 produced the highest lipase specific activity, reaching up to approximately 71 U/mL. The fermentation broth was further analyzed by SDS-PAGE, which revealed the molecular weight of the recombinant RCL was 37 kD.
Preparation of Protoplast for Efficient DNA Transformation of Citric Acid Hyper-producing
Aspergillus niger
Industrial Strain
Zhang Xiaoli, Zheng Xiaomei, Man Yun, Luo Hu, Yu Jiandong, Zheng Ping, Liu Hao, Sun Jibin
2015, 31(3): 171-177. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.025
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Aspergillus niger
is the major industrial strain for citric acid production. In spite of many successes of modern molecular biology approaches in engineering laboratory or protein-producing strains of
A. niger
, there is few positive report on its application for citric acid industrial strains mainly due to the hard-to-transform nature of these strains. In this study, the protoplast-PEG mediated genetic transformation system for citric acid industrial strain was extensively studied, suggesting an optimized protocol for protoplast preparation, regeneration and DNA transformation. The concentration of protoplasts reached up to 10
6
/mL by lysing younger mycelia for 2.5 h after 48 h incubation of a proper amount of conidia spores in enrichment medium. The optimal lysing enzyme mixtures comprised of 1.5% lysing enzyme, 0.5% snail enzyme and 0.2% lysozyme. Concentration of protoplast influenced the protoplast-PEG mediated transformation efficiency, which reached the maximal when the concentration of protoplast was higher than 10
6
/mL. The genetic transformation system established in this study should pave the way to molecular biology study of the citric acid hyper-producing strains, for further understanding its acid-tolerant physiology and for rational design of the industrial strain for further improvement of the citric acid production process as well as creation of new organic acid-producing cell factories.
Surface Display of Methyl Parathion Hydrolase on
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
and Its Application in Degradation of Methyl Parathion
Wang Xingxing, Chi Zhe
2015, 31(3): 178-184. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.026
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The methyl parathion hydrolase(MPH)gene of
Pseudomonas
sp.WBC-3 was amplified by PCR and cloned into the multiple cloning site of the surface display vector pYD1 to construct a recombinant plasmid pYD1-MPH. Then plasmid pYD1-MPH was transformed into
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
EBY100. The 2% galactose was used to induce the expression of MPH on the cell surface of EBYl00, and the display of MPH on the cell surface of
S.cerevisiae
was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The characteristic of the displayed MPH and degradation effect of methyl parathion in water by the engineered yeast were also investigated. The result showed that the engineered yeast strain, which have a whole cell catalytic activity of MPH, was successfully constructed. The activity of MPH displayed on the yeast cells was 18.2 U/mg of cell dry cells by the induction of 2% galactose for 48 h. The displayed MPH had the optimal pH of 9.5 and the optimal temperature of 30℃, respectively and was stable in the pH range of 4.0-10.5 and up to 45℃. The displayed MPH was stimulated by Mn
2+
,Co
2+
,Zn
2+
,Ca
2+
,Hg
2+
,K
+
,Ni
2+
, and was inhibited by Na
+
,Fe
3+
,Ag
+
. The engineered yeast strain could hydrolyze over 80% of 20.0 mg/L methyl parathion in tap water in 1 h.
Optimization of Extract Condition of Safflower Oil Body and Analysis of Stability
Yang Jing, Han Gaoqiang, Liu Zhongliang, Lu Zhen, Wu Zhibang, Wang Qingman, Zou Deyi,Qiang Weidong, Chen Wei
2015, 31(3): 185-190. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.027
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In order to achieve a wide range of applications in many fields, especially on oil body as a substrate carrier system of the foundation, extraction method of safflower oil and characteristics of safflower oil body lotion was researched. Extraction efficiency of safflower oil body was compared, including its value at different pH, NaCl concentration conditions, an average particle size of safflower oil and stability, as well as its viscosity to conduct investigations. Results showed that the safflower oil body dispersed more evenly, at pH≥6, the average particle size of 1.75-2.05 μm and pH ≤ 6 conditions, the average particle size of 1.50-1.75 μm; while NaCl concentration of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL, NaCl concentration 1.2 and 2.0 mg/mL, the safflower oil bodies appeared aggregation. When sucrose concentration between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL, safflower oil dispersion is uniform; when the sugar concentration of 0.4-1.0 mg/mL, safflower body intensive, with increasing concentration of sucrose, safflower oil body size gradually began to heterogeneity. The optimum extraction condition for safflower oil body is pH7, NaCl 0.2 mg/mL, sucrose concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. The study proved that safflower oil body without adding detergent or without physical approach, the saved is unstable.
Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of GABA A Receptor γ2 Subunit Gene in
Carassais auratus gibebiol
Zhao Yini, Hu Kun, Sun Qi, Yang Xianle, Ruan Jiming, Zhou Ailing
2015, 31(3): 191-198. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.028
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The application of the specificity of GABA receptor subunits in drug screening and drug development got widely attention recently, of which three function subunits α1, β2 and γ2 studied deeply. Furthermore,
Carassais auratus gibebiol
as its good growth and reproduction had been widely farmed in china. In the present study, we cloned and characterized GABA A receptor γ2 subunit full-length gene. The full-length
Carassais auratus gibebiol
GABA A receptor γ2 subunit cDNA was 2 763 bp in length, contained a 1437 bp open reading frame(ORF), and encoded 477 amino acids which constituting a 55.3 kD protein molecule with an isoelectric point of 9.13. The γ2 subunit protein was hydrophilic. The protein sequence had one signal peptide, consisting of 35 amino acid residue. The sequence of amino acids contained four transmembrane regions, which length of 23,20,23 and 23 aa, involving in electronic transfer catalysis between the internal and external membrane. We found three N-glycosylation sites, two O- glycosylation sites and an extracellular domain which had obvious ligand-gated ion channels’ characteristics. Sequence comparison revealed that the similarity of the γ2 subunit protein all above 89% with other aquatic animals showed that it belongs to GABA A receptor subunits’ family. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor joining(NJ)method. The evolutionary tree showed that the γ2 subunit protein was clustered with the zebra fish which indicated that they are the two most closely related species.
Songjiang Sea Bass(
Trachidermus fasciatus
)Analysis of Gene Cloning and Expression of Coagulation Factor XI
Qi Qi, Qi Yunyue, Yang Hui, Bi Caihong, Han Xiaodi
2015, 31(3): 199-206. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.029
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It was to clone the full length cDNA encoding coagulation factor XI(FXI)of
Trachidermus fasciatus
. A TfXI gene from
Trachidermus fasciatus
(TfXI)was cloned and characterized by RACE technology. The TfXI cDNA composed of 1 287 bp with a 13 bp of 5'-UTR, 1 143 bp open reading frame(ORF)and 131 bp 3'-UTR, encoded a polypeptide of 280 amino acids. Sequence alignment of TfXI showed the highest similarity of 63% with
Haplochromis burtoni
FXI protein. After LPS stimulation, transcripts of TfXI were significantly increased and reached to peak at 96 h p.i. It indicated that TfXI may play an important role in immune response of
T. fasciatus
during pathogen challenge.
Studies on Genetic Features of Sex Reversal in
Cynoglossus semilaevis
Song Chao, Jiang Li, Wang Jingwei, Li Xiaofang, Li Geng, Zhang Xiaohui, Wang Shu, Liu Zhe, Li Hengde
2015, 31(3): 207-212. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.030
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The remarkable individual size differences of half-smooth tongue(
Cynoglossus semilavi.
)between female and male fishes exist. However, the lower ratio of female in cultured populations arise from sex reversal of the females leads to lower production efficiency. In sex-determination of some fishes and amphibians, sex reversal is interesting biology question and its molecular genetic mechanisms are rarely explored. In this study, 10 half-sib families are set up by utilizing two types of male parents:genetically males and pseudo males which are genetically females. The results showed that the females were all reversed into physiologically male fishes in two families with pseudo male parent. In the other 8 families with normal male parent, the ratio of sex reversal in individual populations presents continuous distribution, which fits for features of QTLs(Quantitative Trait Loci)typically;the heredity of sex reversal is lower, only 0.058. All of these results showed that, the pseudo males as parents, which demonstrate full paternal-effects, the female progenies were all reversed into pseudo males;interfamily selection for improving the genetic advances of sex ratio or genetic evaluation of sex reversal by using genetic markers are advantageous over intrafamily selection for lower heredity of sex-reversal;the continuous distribution of ratio of sex reversal implies the sex-determination for half-smooth tongue is depended on the interactions among multiple QTLs.
Expression of Chicken Neurexophilin 1 Gene in
Pichia pastoris
Chen Meiling, Nie Bin, Jiang Xunping, Liu Guiqiong
2015, 31(3): 213-217. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.030
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Neurexophilin 1 is the differentially expressed gene at the chicken utero-vaginal junction. According to the mRNA sequence of chicken
nxph1
and codon bias of
Pichia pastoris
, the modified DNA sequence for chicken
nxph1
which encodes the same amino acid sequence as that of chicken nxph1were synthesized. Specific primers were designed to amplify part of the synthesized DNA sequence whose expression product has no signal peptide. The two sequences were inserted into pPICZαA vector to construct the recombinant pPICZαA/
nxph1
and pPICZαA/△
nxph1
(without signal peptide), and then the recombinant plasmids were transfected into
Pichia pastoris
GS115 by electroporation. The positive recombinant strains were inducted to express protein by addition of 1 % methanol. The expression protein was displayed on the Tricine-SDS- PAGE electrophoresis and Western blot. The result showed that chicken NXPH1 protein and △NXPH1 protein were successfully expressed, and the molecular weight of the protein was approximately 29 kD, which provided foundations for analyzing functions of NXPH1 in chicken reproductive tract.
Preparation of Prokaryotic Expression Construct of Human FGF21 cDNA and Its Recombinant Protein Expression
Zhang Lilin, Tang Qinglan, Xu Qingzhong, Lei Tingwen, Li Hongmei
2015, 31(3): 218-222. doi:
10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.032
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Preparation of prokaryotic expression constructs of human FGF21(fibroblast growth factor,FGF)cDNA and induction of recombinant hFGF21 protein expression. Total RNA was extracted from human liver, and the target cDNA fragment was obtained using RT-PCR. The amplified cDNA fragment was cloned into pMD19-T for preservation. Then the expression construct pET-28a(+)-hFGF21 was successfully constructed and expressed with IPTG induction, and the his-hFGF21 protein was purified with histide-selective nickel affinity gel and identified by Western blot. Western blot analysis showed that the fusion protein had specific binding with a FGF21 antibody.
Progress and Prospect of the Genetically Modified Organism in the Domesticand International
Wang Youhua, Sun Guoqing, Lian Zhengxing
2015, 31(3): 223-230. doi:
10.135601j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.04.033
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Inrecentyears, a globalismsuccess of transgenic technologyresearchanddevelopment hasbeen achieved and itisknownasthemostrapidgrowing applicationduringthehistoryofsocial development, which showsgreatvalueineconomy, societyandecology. Inthefuture, transgenictechnology will playan irreplaceable roleon nationalfoodsecurity, ecologicalsecurityandhumanhealthrequirement.Inthispaper, weintroduced the significant progress in animal and plant research bothindomesticandoverseas, and prospects for the futuredevelopment of transgenic technology. It is acertain value for analyzing the research and development of transgenic technology.