Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)refer to organic fatty acids with less than 6 carbon atoms in the carbon chain. They are mainly produced by anaerobic glycolysis of indigestible carbohydrates in food,mainly including acetate,propionate,butyrate,etc. With the deep research of microbial flora in the digestive tract,microbial metabolites,short-chain fatty acids,have also been reported to have important physiological functions. This paper mainly reviews the role of SCFAs in the nutritional metabolism and immune disease resistance of aquatic animals. Meanwhile,this review outlooks the weakness of researching SCFAs in aquatic animals,aiming to promote the research process and actual application of SCFAs in aquatic animals.